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Biomedical subjects

T Haney

Publications and source records attributed to T Haney.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Risk factors for myocardial infarction: the importance of relaxation.

Several risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were examined, including history of smoking and hypercholesterolemia, income, education, coronary-prone behaviour by Structured Interview (SI) and the type and quality of stress-reducing relaxing activities, in a case-control study. Our sample included 100 AMI patients (80 males and 20 females, with mean ages 57.3 and 64.1 years, respectively), as well as 100 age- and sex-matched controls. Univariate differences between cases and controls were significant for history of smoking, income level, SI-defined hostility, SI-defined suppression of hostility, amount and type of relaxing activities and history of hypercholesterolemia. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that AMI patients reported significantly lower levels of relaxation and income, but higher levels of suppressed hostility and a higher incidence of hypercholesterolemia. Our findings confirm the significance of hostility and particularly suppressed hostility as AMI risk factors; furthermore, inadequate relaxation was identified as an independent risk factor associated with AMI.

Arousal↗
PubMed1986

Medical, psychological and social correlates of work disability among men with coronary artery disease.

This study identifies the medical, psychologic and social factors that independently affect employment in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). At coronary angiography, extensive clinical, psychological and social profiles were collected on 814 men younger than 60 years with documented CAD. Clinical factors studied included measures of symptom severity, prior myocardial infarction, coronary anatomy and left ventricular function. Psychosocial factors studied included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Zung Depression and Anxiety Scales, a type A structured interview, Jenkins Activity Survey and measures of education and social support. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the relative strength of the relation between these different factors and the patients' employment status. Many single factors differed between the 204 men (25%) who were disabled and the 610 (75%) who were not. Disabled men were less educated but no different in age, marital status or number of dependents. Disabled men had lower ejection fractions and higher indexes of angina, previous myocardial infarction and coexisting vascular disease. Disabled men also were more depressed and anxious and had lower ego strength and higher hypochondriasis scores on the MMPI, but were no different in type A behavior. By multivariable analysis, the most significant (p less than 0.01) independent predictors of work disability were, in decreasing order of importance, low education level, history of myocardial infarction, high levels of depression and high levels of hypochondriasis. It is concluded that psychological and social factors are strongly related to work status in patients with CAD, and may be more important than medical factors.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1986

Type A behavior, family history of hypertension, and cardiovascular responsivity among black women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Type A behavior and family history of hypertension on cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress in a group of employed black women. Measures of heart rate and of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were taken at rest, during a mental arithmetic task, and during the Type A Structured Interview (SI). Results indicated that the Type A behavior pattern was associated with SBP and DBP hyperresponsivity during the SI but not during mental arithmetic. Additionally, certain speech components of the Type A pattern, as well as features of the potential-for-hostility component, were also related to cardiovascular responses during the SI. Family history of hypertension did not influence the cardiovascular parameters either alone or in combination with Type A behavior. The results suggest that many of the cardiovascular response characteristics of the Type A pattern that have been observed in predominantly white samples also hold true for blacks. Replication of these findings with other subgroups of blacks, such as young females and middle-aged males, will help document the generality of these findings within the black population.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Type As who think they are type Bs: discrepancies between self-ratings and interview ratings of the type A (coronary-prone) behaviour pattern.

The study described here explored discrepancies between self-ratings and interview ratings of Type A behaviour. A total of 281 patients referred for diagnostic coronary angiography underwent a comprehensive psychological assessment including the Type A structured interview (SI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and two self-report measures of Type A behaviour, the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) and the Type A Self-Rating Inventory (TASRI). Two subgroups of patients were identified--Type A subjects whose Type A self-ratings were consistent with the SI classification, and subjects who obtained low self-rating scores and yet were classified as Type A by the SI. A comparison of the MMPI profiles showed that the discordant Type As scored lower on MMPI scales 9 (Ma) and 4 (Pd), and higher on scales 0 (Si), 2 (D) and F. The personality attributes associated with this MMPI pattern are more consistent with individual self-reports of Type A behaviour than observer ratings during the SI.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1981

Assessment of conceptual tempo in the type A (coronary prone) behavior pattern.

Previous research has documented an association between a particular behavioral complex termed Type A, and increased incidence of coronary heart disease. In an effort to define further some of the behavioral characteristics that distinguish Type A subjects from their noncoronary-prone (Type B) counterparts, subjects were administered a test of conceptual impulsivity-reflection. While there were clear sex differences in performance, the results of the present study offered only qualified support for the notion that Type A individuals are more impulsive than Type B individuals. One component of Type A, Speed and Impatience, was shown to be related to increased impulsivity in women, but not in men. The findings suggest the importance of considering the interaction of gender with behavioral subcomponents of the Type A behavior pattern.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral assessment of the type A behavior pattern.

The present study attempted to assess systematically a set of behavioral subcomponents associated with the Type A behavior pattern. Sixty middle-aged men underwent the structured interview (SI) and a repeated version of the SI after a four-month interval. A high degree of interrater reliability was established for a number of behavioral components including speed and volume of speech, motoric activity, expiratory sighs, response latency, interruptions, unevenness of speech, plosive words, and potential for hostility. In general, these behaviors were stable over the four-month interval, although they did not all distinguish Type As from Type Bs. Only four behaviors successfully discriminated Type As and Bs at both interview sessions: speed of speech, volume of speech, number of interruptions, and potential for hostility. The results are discussed in terms of how these behavioral subcomponents may contribute to increased risk of premature coronary disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social support, type A behavior, and coronary artery disease.

The interaction of Type A behavior and social support in relation to the degree of coronary artery disease (CAD) severity was investigated. One hundred thirteen patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography received the Type A structured interview (SI) and completed a battery of psychometric tests, including the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Statistical analyses revealed a Type by social support interaction, such that the probability of significant CAD was inversely related to the level of social support for Type As but not Type Bs. Type As with low levels of social support had more severe CAD than Type As with high levels of social support. On the other hand, this relationship was not present for Type Bs. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that social support moderates the long-term health consequences of the Type A behavior pattern.

Adult↗