PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Hansen

Publications and source records attributed to T Hansen.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Anxiety and sedation during a stressful situation after single dose of diazepam versus N-desmethyldiazepam--a controlled trial.

Twenty milligram diazepam (DZ) was compared with 20 mg of its main metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam (NDDZ) as single dose, oral premedication in a genuine stressful situation. Fifty patients participated in the randomized, double-blind controlled study. Anxiety and sedation were measured the day before an operation and one hour after premedication, just before the operation. NDDZ was significantly less sedative while the degree of anxiety was rated equal in the two groups. The results may support the hypothesis that a competition between DZ and NDDZ can explain the shift in the effect profile of DZ during long term treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Kinetics and neuropsychologic effects of IV diazepam in the presence and absence of its active N-desmethyl metabolite in humans.

In 12 healthy volunteers the kinetics and neuropsychological actions of IV diazepam (DZ) (single dose) were studied with and without the presence of its main metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam (NDDZ). Both the maximal plasma concentration and the steepness of the alpha-slope were correlated with variations in the corresponding continuous reaction time (CRT). EEG profiles, CRT and clinical ratings for anxiety and sedation all showed significant changes between the situations with the metabolite present or absent, but no significant correlation could be found with the kinetic pattern of DZ in the two situations. Tolerance to NDDZ did not develop. The results indicate that the presence of the active metabolite changes the pharmacodynamic profile of the parent compound probably by an interaction at the receptor site between DZ and NDDZ. Changes in the spectrum of effects during long-term therapy with DZ may, therefore, partly be explained in this way.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Treatment of benign essential hypertension with frusemide in different doses.

A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial was carried out in 26 hypertensive patients to investigate the hypotensive effects of three different dosages of frusemide (40 mg, 60 mg, and 80 mg twice daily) and the effects on serum potassium and urinary output. The study included a 4-week treatment period with placebo, three periods of 6 weeks with frusemide, and an intervening placebo period of 4 weeks. The mean arterial blood pressure fell about 10 mmHg within the first 2 weeks and was independent of the frusemide dosage. During the following weeks of treatment, there was a constant, slow fall in blood pressure. The period on placebo was too brief for values to return to the initial level. In contrast, the increase in urinary output, which was dose-dependent, ceased when medication was withdrawn. The diuretic effect was maintained throughout the treatment periods. There was a correlation between the fall in serum potassium and the diuretic effect whereas no correlation with the fall in blood pressure could be shown. Except for a significant increase in serum zinc, no changes were observed in other electrolyte parameters. Body weight, pulse, haemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate remained unchanged. Side-effects were few and mild, but tended to increase with higher doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Vitamin B12 concentrations in psychiatric patients.

In an attempt to evaluate the possible relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and mental disease, the blood content of vitamin B12 was investigated in 835 consecutive psychiatric patients. Low serum vitamin B12 values were found in approximately 10% of these patients, due to latent pernicious anaemia in one case, post-gastrectomy in seven cases and small intestinal resection in one case. In the remaining 72 cases vitamin B12 deficiency was probably caused by nutritional insufficiency. After correction of the dietary defect there was a spontaneous increase in serum vitamin B12 in 75% of these patients. No specific psychiatric syndrome was connected with hypovitaminosis B12, but a preponderance of arteriosclerotic dementia suggests that low serum vitamin B12 values are secondary to mental illness leading to apathy and loss of appetite. Most cases will recover without further vitamin B12 supplements. But some patients may need treatment because of severe mental and physical disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Barbital and diazepam plasma levels during treatment of delirium tremens.

Plasma concentrations of barbital and diazepam were measured daily during a double-blind study of the efficacy of the two drugs in the treatment of delirium tremens and less severe clinical states. Treatment was estimated as satisfactory in the majority of cases; the present study deals with the satisfactory groups only. Both in the barbital group and in the diazepam group the same plasma level was seen in different clinical states. This result is discussed in relation to the theories about the aetiology of delirium tremens, and it is concluded that the data fits best with the assumption that delirium tremens is released from a withdrawal state, but once established, the delirious state is not interrupted by the drugs. The barbital concentrations were rather high, many at a level where non-alcoholics would show pronounced intoxication symptoms not seen in the present material. The diazepam concentrations on the other hand were low, often below a level where a cerebral effect is measurable in normal subjects. On this basis it is concluded, that the two drugs have different modes of action. Barbital may act by its cross-dependence properties with alcohol and thus diminish the withdrawal reaction, whereas diazepam may act by its anti-anxiety effect, but not in the doses here applied, by cross-dependence properties with alcohol. Finally, this hypothesis is discussed in relation to clinical experience in the treatment of delirium tremens.

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium↗
PubMed1978

The use of lumbosacral corsets prescribed for low back pain.

Two hundred and one randomly selected patients (109 women and 92 men) fitted with their first lumbosacral corset because of low back pain were interviewed 3.5--4.5 years later. Two-thirds of the patients were 41--70 years when fitted with the corset. Barely three-quarters of them wore the corset regularly immediately after prescription. One-fifth became symptom-free within the period covered by the study. Of those who still had symptoms at the time of the interview, two-thirds (about half of the original material) were still wearing a corset. Of these two-thirds, about half wore the corset at least once a week. The women doing heavy work and female pensioners tended to use their corsets more frequently. The frequency with which the corsets were used was not influenced by the clinical diagnosis or the type of corset used. As many as 89 per cent of the patients reported that they used the corset because it supported their back or because it not only gave such support, but also relief from the pain. Thirty-seven of 96 non-users reported that the corset did not fit well but only 7 that they did not benefit from the use of the corset. A better follow-up of users would surely increase the frequency with which such corsets are used to the advantage of the patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1978

Jejunal inhibition of gastric acid secretion induced by hypertonic glucose in duodenal ulcer patients before and after truncal vagotomy.

The effect of intrajejunal infusion of hypertonic glucose on pentagastrin-stimulated (0.5 microgram/kg-hr) gastric acid secretion was studied in eight duodenal ulcer patients before and three to five months after truncal vagotomy. Preoperatively mean acid output was reduced from 44.0 +/- 3.1 meq H+/hr to 29.2 +/- 2.9 meq H+/hr (p less than 0.05), whereas no consistent changes were found postoperatively, suggesting that jejunal inhibition of gastric acid secretion induced by hypertonic glucose primarily is under vegal control. Furthermore, the study shows that glucose induced jejunal inhibition of acid secretion seems to be less pronouced in duodenal ulcer patients than previously found in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Degree of sedation obtained with various doses of diazepam and nitrazepam.

Using critical flicker fusion (CFF) determination and estimation of drowsiness in eight healthy volunteers the sedative-hypnotic effects of diazepam and mitrazepam were studied. Three dose levels of each drug were used, so that dose-effect curves could be produced. The most reliable results were obtained with the CFF method, and significant dose-effect relations could be demonstrated. The CFF deviation after diazepam initially related well to the concentration in blood serum, but after 4--6 hours the CFF depression vanished rapidly, while the drug concentration remained high. After nitrazepam the signs of drowsiness occurred similarly, while the drug concentration in serum showed on an average a slower rise. The effects began to disappear before the nitrazepam concentration had reached a peak. A rapid tachyphylaxis at the receptor sites seems to be responsible for this incongruity. Nitrazepam exerted significantly stronger sedative effects than diazepam, particularly when the respective serum concentrations were taken into account. This confirms that nitrazepam should be a more efficient sleeping drug, although diazepam also has considerable sedative-hypnotic action.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Serum diazepam and serum creatine kinase after intra-muscular injection of diazepam in two different vehicles.

Serum diazepam concentration and serum creatine kinase activity (serum CK) were measured in 35 patients (who were divided into three groups (A, B, and C)), over a period of 24 hours after administration of diazepam. An increase in serum CK was regarded as an indication of local muscle injury. In group A, diazepam in a polyethyleneoxydricinolate vehicle was injected intramuscularly; in group B, diazepam in a propyleneglycol-ether alcohol vehicle was injected intramuscularly; and in group C, diazepam was administered orally, combined with intramuscular administration of the vehicle used in group B. The investigation was double-blind and randomized. Serum diazepam absorption expressed as the area under the concentration curve was identical in groups A and C and significantly higher than in group B. Serum CK rose in all groups. The differences among the groups were not significant. There were considerable individual variations in all three groups, and almost half the patients showed no increase in serum CK at all. No negative correlation was found between serum diazepam and serum CK. Thus no effect of muscle injury--if present--on absorption rate could be demonstrated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Alpha-methyldopa and drug fever. A study of the metabolism of alpha-methyldopa in patients and normal subjects.

The metabolism of alpha-methyldopa was studied in 5 patients with febrile reactions to the drug, and compared with the metabolism in 5 patients without such reactions and in 4 normal subjects. A depression of the drug metabolism was found in drug fever patients, which may affect either the intestinal mucosal conjugation of the drug or the hepatic transformation. The decreased metabolism is assumed to be a possible causative mechanism of the adverse reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Controlled clinical investigation of trimeprazine as a sleep-inducer in normal subjects.

The effects of acute introduction and withdrawal of trimeprazine (Vallergan), an antihistaminic phenothiazine derivative with known sedative effects, were investigated by a single blind polygraphic study in 8 healthy volunteers. A baseline placebo was given on Nights 1-3, followed either by 10 mg or 20 mg of the drug on Nights 4-6, and then withdrawal effects were recorded on Nights 7-9. The subjective effects of the drug and EEG sleep variables were determined on these nights. The results showed that the drug might have had dose related effects. REM-sleep was increased by 10 mg doses, which also caused an increase in SW sleep. There was no significant change after the 20 mg dose. Significant REM rebound was not observed after withdrawal of either dose. These characteristics may be of value in the treatment of certain aspects of sleep disturbances.

Adult↗