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Biomedical subjects

T Hatada

Publications and source records attributed to T Hatada.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Nutritional status and postoperative cytokine response in colorectal cancer patients.

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between pre-operative nutritional status and peri-operative regulation of the cytokine network, and to clarify its relation to clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients. Protein-energy malnutrition was assessed using the creatinine height index. Peripheral venous blood samples were obtained peri-operatively, and the serum concentrations of interleukin (IL-)6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra), IL-6 soluble receptor (sR) C-reactive protein (CRP) and the percentage of peripheral neutrophils were determined. Excessive operative blood loss was associated with postoperative morbidity. Pre-operative malnutrition was associated with postoperative mortality when excessive bleeding occurred. Postoperative IL-6 response was exaggerated and postoperative IL-1ra response was suppressed in nutritionally depleted patients. The postoperative serum concentrations of IL-6sR in malnourished patients remained at the lowest levels when excessive bleeding occurred. In these patients, the percentage of peripheral neutrophils remained at high levels even after resolution of the postoperative cytokine storm. A marked activation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine network associated with a decreased antagonistic reaction and an increased consumption of IL-6sR became prominent in malnourished patients when they underwent intense surgical stress. These immunological disturbances may be relevant to neutrophil activation and subsequent clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Long-term role of nitric oxide in the enteric nervous system of the transplanted rat intestine.

We investigated the long-term changes of the nitric oxide (NO)-related neural component after syngeneic total small bowel transplantation in rats. In the present study, the NO-related neural component was examined using the electrophysiological and NADPH-diaphorase histochemical technique. The rats were divided into four groups: an untreated young adult control group, an untreated 2-year-old control group, a group killed 1 month after transplantation, and a group killed 2 years after transplantation. A superfusion apparatus was used to evaluate the response of jejunal strips to electrical transmural stimulation. In the presence of adrenergic and cholinergic blockade, the inhibitory effect of L-N(G)-nitro arginine (L-NNA; a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor) on nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation was expressed as a L-NNA-sensitive component. The L-NNA-sensitive component accounted for 41.6 +/- 4.6% (mean +/- SE), 43.1 +/- 3.5%,54.6 +/- 4.1%, and 55.8 +/- 3.5% in the young control group, 2-year control group, 1-month transplant group, and 2-year transplant group, respectively, being significantly higher in the transplant groups (p < 0.05). The actual strength of the L-NNA-sensitive component was 0.24 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE), 0.26 +/- 0.02, 0.44 +/- 0.04, and 0.46 +/- 0.04 mg of tension per mg of wet weight, respectively, also being significantly higher in the transplant groups (p < 0.001). In addition, the percentage of NADPH-diaphorase-positive fibers was 24.1 +/- 1.1% (mean +/- SE), 25.5 +/- 1.4%, 31.0 +/- 1.6%, and 30.9 +/- 2.0%, respectively, being significantly higher in the transplant groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that NO neurons in the intrinsic jejunal nervous system have an adaptive role in maintaining intestinal graft motility.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Diagnostic value of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy, core-needle biopsy, and evaluation of combined use in the diagnosis of breast lesions.

BACKGROUND: To investigate whether ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy (US-CNB) has more diagnostic value for breast tumors than ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) and to evaluate their combined use in patients with breast tumors. STUDY DESIGN: US-FNAB was carried out in 233 patients with breast tumors (254 lesions); both US-FNAB and US-CNB (combined biopsy) were performed in 81 of these patients (82 lesions). The diagnosis obtained by US-FNAB and US-CNB was compared with the surgical findings and the diagnostic value of US-CNB and combined biopsy were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivity of US-FNAB was 86.9%, the specificity was 78.6%, and the accuracy was 84%. In contrast, the sensitivity of US-CNB was 86.2%, the specificity was 95.8%, and the accuracy was 89%. The specificity of US-CNB was significantly higher than that of US-FNAB and the inadequate biopsy rate of US-CNB was significantly lower than that of US-FNAB. For combined biopsy, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were all 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of combined biopsy were significantly higher than those of US-FNAB. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that US-CNB is more useful than US-FNAB, and that a combination of US-CNB and US-FNAB can markedly improve the preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of J-pouch reconstruction after total gastrectomy: rho-double tract vs. J-pouch double tract.

OBJECTIVE: Various enteric reservoirs have been advocated to improve the quality of life after total gastrectomy. We evaluated the advantages of pouch reconstruction compared with traditional rho-double tract reconstruction. DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Second Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Japan. SUBJECTS: Forty patients who underwent total gastrectomy for cancer of the stomach were studied. INTERVENTION: Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups: 20 patients received rho-double tract reconstruction (RDT group), and 20 underwent J-pouch double tract reconstruction (PDT group) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We compared the body weight, serum nutritional parameters, reflux score, scintigraphic esophageal reflux, food intake, and emptying time of the J-pouch or rho-limb between the two groups. RESULTS: No difference was noted between the two groups with regard to body weight, but food intake tended to be higher in the PDT group than in the RDT group. Total protein and albumin levels were higher in the PDT group than in the RDT group, while scintigraphic reflux was significantly less prominent in the PDT group. CONCLUSIONS: J-pouch reconstruction was superior with respect to protein metabolism, food intake and reduction of reflux esophagitis compared with the traditional RDT method. However, use of pouch reconstruction did not improve postoperative weight gain.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy for thyroid nodules.

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively studied whether ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) showed improved sensitivity in patients with palpable thyroid nodules. METHODS: A total of 70 patients (72 lesions) with thyroid nodules underwent US-FNAB and 94 patients (94 lesions) underwent FNAB guided by manual palpation (standard FNAB). The diagnoses obtained by US-FNAB were compared with the surgical findings. RESULTS: The sensitivity of US-FNAB for palpable thyroid nodules was 62% the specificity was 74% the accuracy was 68% the positive predictive value was 100%, the negative predictive value was 70% and the inadequate biopsy rate was 17%. In contrast, the sensitivity of standard FNAB was 45%, the specificity was 51%, the accuracy was 48% the positive predictive value was 96, the negative predictive value was 55, and the inadequate biopsy rate was 30%. The accuracy of US-FNAB was significantly higher than that of standard FNAB. For tumors < or = 2 cm in diameter, the sensitivity and accuracy of US-FNAB were both significantly higher than those of standard FNAB. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that US-FNAB can improve the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer, especially in patients with tumors < or = 2 cm in diameter.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of variant expression of estrogen receptor mRNA in normal breast tissue and breast cancer.

To investigate whether estrogen receptor abnormalities are associated with resistance of breast cancer to endocrine therapy, we compared estrogen receptor mRNA between normal breast tissue and carcinoma. Using the RT-PCR, paired cancer and normal breast tissue specimens from 15 patients were analyzed. Exon-deleted variants were found in both tumor and normal tissue, with differences of variant expression between normal and tumor tissue being observed. One patient showed multiple deletions in the hormone-binding domain. Alterations in the amount and/or kind of variant ER expression may be important in determining the response of breast cancer to endocrine therapy.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Germline p53 mutation at codon 133 in a cancer-prone family.

We identified four families in which we suspected the presence of genetic factors predisposing them to cancer. We examined one family with features suggesting Li-Fraumeni syndrome for the presence of a germline p53 mutation in 13 of its members. To detect germline p53 mutations we performed polymerase chain reaction/nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing analysis on exons 4-9 of the p53 gene. Mutated polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was also performed on exon 5 to confirm the mutation identified by the sequencing analysis. A novel germline p53 mutation was identified at codon 133 (ATG-->AGG) in exon 5, resulting in the substitution of arginine for methionine, in all four cancer-affected individuals and in three apparently healthy individuals. We also analyzed tumor specimens for additional p53 mutations in the wild-type alleles using the same methods. However, heterozygosity was retained, and no other additional mutations in the wild-type allele were identified in any of the tumor tissues. It is possible that additional mutations in the wild-type allele are not always necessary for the loss of tumor suppressor functions. This study presents serious clinical and ethical problems about the predictive value of identifying germline p53 mutations in presymptomatic carriers. However, accurate predictive testing will be very useful in identifying unaffected individuals who are at increased risk of developing cancer and in detecting cancer at an early stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Usefulness of ultrasound-guided, fine-needle aspiration biopsy for palpable breast tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ultrasound (US) guidance improves the sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in patients with palpable breast tumors. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 107 patients with breast tumors (114 lesions) underwent US-guided FNAB and 138 patients (143 lesions) underwent FNAB guided by palpation (standard FNAB). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The diagnoses obtained by FNAB were compared with the surgical findings and the diagnostic value of US-guided FNAB was evaluated. RESULTS: The sensitivity of US-guided FNAB was 89.3%, the specificity was 82.9%, and the accuracy was 86.9%. In contrast, the sensitivity of standard FNAB was 61.1%, the specificity was 73.3%, and the accuracy was 65.0%. For breast tumors 2.0 cm or less in diameter, the sensitivity and accuracy of US-guided FNAB were significantly higher than those of standard FNAB. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided FNAB can improve the preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer, especially in patients with tumors that are 2 cm or less in diameter.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1995

Four Cases of Familial Breast Cancer.

We report 4 families with a remarkable history of cancer, including bilateral breast cancer, early onset breast cancer under age 40, and one or more cancers at other sites. We detected a second malignancy in 4 probands during follow-up after the first operation(families 1, 2, 3 and 4), and could salvage 3 of them (families 2, 3 and 4). We also found 2 family members with cancer by surveillance of family 4 and they underwent suitable treatment (elder sister and elder brother). In conclusion, a knowledge of the natural history of familial breast cancer with particular attention to age at onset and bilaterality may allow for the development of more accurately targeted surveillance, genetic counseling, and management strategies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Acute abdominal symptoms caused by hemorrhagic necrosis of a pheochromocytoma: report of a case.

The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is often difficult in a patient presenting with acute illness but without the classical constitutional symptoms. We report herein the case of a woman who developed acute abdominal symptoms following hemorrhagic necrosis of a previously unsuspected pheochromocytoma. This patient underwent successful emergency resuscitation followed later by elective surgical resection of a right adrenal pheochromocytoma. A review of 27 other cases indicates that a fatal outcome is likely to result without the initiation of prompt and appropriate emergency treatment, followed later by removal of the tumor. Thus, early diagnosis is important not only for controlling hypertension, but also because performing a laparotomy on a patient with unrecognized hemorrhagic necrosis of pheochromocytoma can create a potentially lethal situation.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1994

Variable activity of protein tyrosine kinase in apparently normal thyroid glands.

We examined protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity in apparently normal thyroid tissue (n = 22) obtained from patients undergoing thyroid surgery for papillary thyroid cancer or benign disease. The PTK activity in apparently normal thyroid tissue from patients with papillary thyroid cancer progressively was elevated in the cytosolic fraction compared with that from patients without cancer (p < 0.05). The cytosolic proportion of PTK activity was also significantly increased in the normal thyroid tissue of patients with cancer (62% vs. 51%, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that alterations in PTK activity may indicate apparently normal thyroid tissue at increased risk of developing malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

A compound heterozygous protein C deficiency with a single nucleotide G deletion encoding Gly-381 and an amino acid substitution of Lys for Gla-26.

We report genetic abnormalities of protein C gene in a male infant who developed neonatal purpura fulminans. DNA-sequence analysis of all exons in protein C gene in this family revealed two mutations. The first abnormality, derived from the mother, was a deletion of one of four consecutive G at nucleotide number 10758 in exon IX which would result in a frame shift mutation and completely change amino acid sequence from Gly381 in the carboxyl-terminal region of protein C. The second abnormality, derived from the father, was a single nucleotide mutation from G to A in the codon (GAG to AAG) at nucleotide number 2977 in exon III, which would result in a substitution of Lys for gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)26. This change would be responsible for the reduced immunological protein C levels of the patient and the father, estimated by a monoclonal antibody which recognizes the Gla-domain in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner (3.8% and 57%, respectively). Partially purified abnormal protein C from the father's plasma showed a normal amidolytic activity and a change in the electrophoretic mobility. We detected the above mutations in his family members using two methods; one was a creation of new restriction enzyme sites using mutagenic primers and the other was single nucleotide primer extension. Both methods are rapid and useful for the diagnosis of prenatal protein C abnormalities.

1-Carboxyglutamic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Protein tyrosine kinase in colorectal adenoma.

To determine whether protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) could be utilized as a biological indicator of colonic tumorigenesis, we examined the PTK activity in the cytosolic and particulate fractions of homogenates from 25 adenomas (polyps) and from adjacent normal mucosa. The particulate fraction PTK activity in the colorectal adenomas was significantly higher than in the normal mucosa. The adenomas were then analyzed according to size, histological type (tubular and tubulovillous), and degree of dysplasia (mild, moderate and severe). The average particulate fraction PTK activity ratio (adenoma/normal mucosa) of tubulovillous adenomas or adenomas with moderate to severe dysplasia was significantly elevated in comparison with that of tubular adenomas or adenomas with mild dysplasia. The particulate PTK activity ratio increased significantly with increasing adenoma size, while the cytosolic ratio did not. The cytosolic PTK activity ratio in tubulovillous adenomas or adenomas with severe dysplasia decreased significantly with increasing size. These findings suggest that colonic carcinogenesis might be associated with alterations in the cellular level of PTK activity and that the PTK activity ratio (adenoma/normal mucosa) in the particulate and/or cytosolic fractions may possibly correlate with the risk of malignant transformation.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Protein kinase C activity in human thyroid carcinoma and adenoma.

Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was examined in the cytosolic and particulate fractions of homogenates obtained from 12 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 12 follicular thyroid adenomas, and the adjacent normal thyroid tissue. Particulate PKC activity was elevated significantly in thyroid carcinomas compared with normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.01) and adenomas (P < 0.05). By contrast, cytosolic PKC activity of carcinomas and adenomas was lower significantly than that of normal thyroid tissue (P < 0.01). The percentage of particulate PKC activity in carcinoma and adenoma was higher than in normal thyroid tissue (carcinoma, P < 0.001; adenoma, P < 0.01). The average particulate PKC activity of carcinomas more than 3 cm in diameter was significantly lower than that of carcinomas less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter (P < 0.05). The average cytosolic PKC activity of carcinomas more than 3 cm also was lower significantly than that of smaller carcinomas (P < 0.05). These results suggest that alterations in PKC activity may be important in the development of papillary thyroid cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Protein kinase C activity in human colonic adenoma and colorectal carcinoma.

To additionally understand the molecular mechanisms and biologic indicators of colonic tumorigenesis through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, protein kinase C (PKC) activity was examined in the cytosol and particulate fraction of specimen homogenates from 18 human colonic carcinomas and seven coexisting colonic adenomas and was compared with the adjacent normal mucosal tissues. This study showed that PKC activity could be detected precisely using mini DEAE-Sephacel column purification and histone III-S as a substrate. The PKC activity in both colonic adenoma and carcinoma progressively was reduced in the particulate fraction compared with that of the adjacent normal mucosa from each patient (74.9 +/- 11.3 and 42.4 +/- 9.37 versus 112 +/- 16.8 pmol/min/mg, P less than 0.001), although PKC activity in the cytosolic fraction was not significantly different (62.6 +/- 17.7 and 63.1 +/- 8.08 versus 56.4 +/- 7.32 pmol/min/mg) with respect to protein concentration. Both colonic adenomas and carcinomas showed a significant progressive decrease in total particulate PKC activity compared with the adjacent normal mucosa of each patient (13.5 +/- 2.18 and 7.64 +/- 1.35 versus 19.8 +/- 2.74 pmol/min/g tissue, P less than 0.001) and no difference in total cytosolic PKC activity (15.2 +/- 3.80 and 16.5 +/- 2.02 versus 14.6 +/- 1.81 pmol/min/g tissue). Among PKC activities in carcinomas, there was no difference related to histologic type, Dukes' staging, or carcinoembryonic antigen values. Among PKC activities in colonic adenomas, a significant decrease in particulate PKC correlated with size. The specific PKC activity in the particulate fraction decreased with advancing adenoma size (P less than 0.05). This study showed that colonic carcinogenesis might be associated with alterations in cellular levels of PKC activity and that the decrease in particulate PKC activity in the adenoma had a possible correlation with adenoma size.

Adenocarcinoma↗