Biomedical subjects

T Heidenreich

Publications and source records attributed to T Heidenreich.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Cognitive therapy for social phobia: individual versus group treatment.

Cognitive-behavioural group treatment is the treatment of choice for social phobia. However, as not all patients benefit, an additional empirically validated psychological treatment would be of value. In addition, few studies have examined whether a group treatment format is more effective than an individual treatment format. A randomized controlled trial addressed these issues by comparing individual cognitive therapy, along the lines advocated by Clark and Wells (Clark, D.M. and Wells, A., 1995. A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R. G. Heimberg, M. Liebowitz, D. Hope and F. Schneier (Eds.), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69-93). New York: Guilford.), with a group version of the treatment and a wait-list control condition. 71 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for social phobia participated in the trial, 65 completed the posttreatment assessment and 59 completed a six-month follow-up. Social phobia measures indicated significant pretreatment to posttreatment improvement in both individual and group cognitive therapy. Individual cognitive therapy was superior to group cognitive therapy on several measures at both posttreatment and follow-up. The effects of treatment on general measures of mood and psychopathology were less substantial than the effects on social phobia. The results suggest that individual cognitive therapy is a specific treatment for social phobia and that it's effectiveness may be diminished by delivery in a group format.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Narcolepsy. An illness in transition].

The signs of narcolepsy have been known since the last century and the tetrad of symptoms was described 50 years ago: excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations. Polysomnography typically shows decreased sleep and REM sleep latency, and laboratory testing reveals a high association with the human leucocyte antigens (HLA) DQB1*0602 and DQA1*102. Actual studies suggest disturbances in the orexin (hypocretin) neurotransmitter system. However, the exact pathophysiology is still unclear. In Germany, about 1500 patients diagnosed with narcolepsy are known. The prevalence in Caucasian populations is estimated at 50/100,000. Thus, the number of undiagnosed patients is likely to be high.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗

PubMed1995

Spiritual care for the critically ill.

BACKGROUND: Spiritual well-being is the center of a healthy lifestyle and enables holistic integration of one's inner resources. However, the professional education process does not adequately provide socialization of nurses in the provision of spiritual care. Few studies exist that adequately address the spiritual aspect of nursing care. PURPOSE: To identify factors that contribute to providing spiritual care for patients in intensive care units. METHODS: A descriptive research design was used for this replication study conducted on a convenience sample of 63 patients in the critical care unit of a large midwestern military hospital. A trained interviewer asked each participant three open-ended questions regarding events that had created hope or meaning, created negative feeling, and could have contributed to hope or meaning. The interview took place 1 to 2 days after discharge from the intensive care unit. Predominant patterns were determined by content analysis. RESULTS: Three themes were identified as integral to the spiritual well-being of critical care patients: care providers, family/friends, and religion/faith. Nursing interventions identified for the three themes include establishing trusting relationships, providing in-depth spiritual assessment, conveying technical competence, and acting as facilitator among family, clergy, and other providers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the key nursing interventions derived from this study include listening to patients' concerns and maintaining and conveying technical competence.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

The relationship between axillary and core body temperature measurements.

The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of the axillary site as an indicator of core body temperature. Data from 30 core body temperatures, 30 electronic axillary temperatures, and 30 mercury-in-glass axillary temperatures in nonpostoperative intensive care unit patients are reported. Core and axillary temperatures were simultaneously measured in each patient. The correlation between core and axillary-mercury was r = 0.90. The mean difference between core and axillary-mercury was 0.35 degrees F (0.19 degrees C). The correlation between core and axillary-electronic was r = .87. The mean difference between core and axillary-electronic was 0.6 degrees F (0.33 degrees C). Only three, or 5%, of the 60 core-axillary pairs met the expected 2 degrees F (1.2 degrees C) difference. These findings support the accuracy of axillary temperature measurement as a reflection of core body temperature measurement in nonpostoperative patients. These researchers suggest that mercury thermometers be used in cases where small differences in temperature are clinically meaningful.

Axilla↗

PubMed1982

Protective effect of CO2-induced hyperventilation on the hepatotoxicity elicited by carbon tetrachloride.

Following oral intake or inhalation, halogenated hydrocarbons are metabolized to hepatotoxic intermediates in the liver to only a small extent, the major part being eliminated via the lungs without biochemical transformation. Following intoxication, increased pulmonary elimination of hydrocarbons can be achieved in patients by treatment with CO2-induced hyperventilation. To investigate the efficacy of this new therapy under exact experimental conditions, female Wistar rats received 2.5 ml CCl4/kg BW by gastric intubation and were then treated with CO2-induced hyperventilation. In comparison to untreated animals, hyperventilated rats showed only a few signs of hepatic injury by histological evaluation, whereas massive centrolobular necroses and fatty infiltrations were observed in non-hyperventilated animals. By biochemical assessment, significant decreases of GOT, GPT and GDH activity were observed in the serum, when hyperventilated rats were compared to untreated animals. Moreover, the LD50 for CCl4 was almost trebled after hyperventilation compared to the non-hyperventilated animals. The increased LD50, and the biochemical and histological results therefore substantiate the usefulness of CO2-induced hyperventilation therapy in the treatment of intoxications by hydrocarbons under standardized experimental conditions.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Temperature and temperature measurement after induced hypothermia.

This study was designed to assess factors associated with afterdrop, the fall in core temperature following completion of cardiac surgery, and determine the validity of noninvasive measures of temperature to predict core temperature in the severely hypothermic patient. Twenty-five postcardiac surgery patients served as subjects. Core temperature was measured using the pulmonary artery, bladder, and esophageal sites. The less invasive measures included a tympanic membrane thermometer, oral and axillary electronic thermometers, and a forehead surface temperature indicator. Temperatures were recorded every 10 minutes for 2 hours. End-of-surgery temperatures ranged from 30.3-38.3 degrees C (86.5-100.9 degrees F) with a mean of 36.02 degrees C (96.84 degrees F). Temperature change over the next hour ranged from a rise of 2.5 degrees C (4.5 degrees F) to a fall of 4.1 degrees C (7.2 degrees F). Factors associated with afterdrop included age, end-of-surgery temperature (both positively) and body mass (negatively). No noninvasive measure appeared to be a valid indicator of core temperature in these hypothermic patients.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative temperature measurement.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the axillary site for temperature measurement in the postoperative patient. Axillary electronic, axillary mercury, rectal mercury, and core body temperatures were obtained in 18 postoperative patients. Rectal temperatures correlated extremely well with core temperatures, r = .98, but on average were .5 degrees C higher than core. Mercury axillary left in place for 10 minutes had the next highest correlation, r = .96, but on average were .2 degrees C lower than core. Electronic axillary were the poorest indicator of core temperature, r = .92, and were on average .6 degrees C lower than core. The correlation of -.64 between age and postoperative core temperature suggests that the elderly are most susceptible to hypothermia in a surgical setting.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rewarming cardiac surgery patients: radiant heat versus forced warm air.

This study compared time required to rewarm, incidence of shivering, and nurses' preferences in hypothermic postoperative cardiac surgery patients treated with a forced air warmer (Bair Hugger) or a noninfrared radiant heater (Thermal Ceiling). Data were collected on 38 subjects and 6 nonsubjects treated with warm blankets. Average minutes to rewarm were: forced air, 100.3; radiant heat, 99.3; and warm blankets, 188.2. The warm air subjects had significantly higher skin temperatures, lower incidence of shivering, and less severe afterdrop, suggesting that rewarming in these patients resulted from heat gained from the environment. Nurses preferred the forced air warmer to the noninfrared radiant heater.

Adult↗