[The effect of anoxia on pigeon's ERG].
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Hirose
Publications and source records attributed to T Hirose.
[The on and off effect in pigeon's ERG].
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Adaptation, Ocular↗
[A pen-writing oscillograph for recording the fast ERG components].
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Electroretinography↗
Reconstruction of large chest wall defects using a combination of a contralateral latissimus dorsi and a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap.
A combination of a contralateral latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap and a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap used in the reconstruction of large chest wall defects is reported in three patients. This combination is an easy and reliable procedure, without microsurgery, for reconstructing large chest wall defects or deformities and is applicable to patients whose ipsilateral branches of the subclavicular and axillary vessels cannot be used, and to those who need reconstruction of the subclavicular area and axilla as well as the breast mound area.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Reconstruction of short nose deformity using nasolabial flaps pedicled on the infraorbital vessels.
Bilateral nasolabial flaps pedicled on the infraorbital vessels, and costal cartilage grafts were used to reconstruct a severe nasal deformity caused by Wegener's granuloma. We believe this flap is another useful method for nasal reconstruction, when nasolabial flaps pedicled on the angular vessels cannot be used.
Adult↗
Reverse flow fillet flap from a supernumerary finger.
We report a new technique for making a fillet flap from a supernumerary finger in three cases. These flaps are unique in possessing retrograde blood flow or both orthograde and retrograde blood flow and have a wider arc of rotation than provided by conventional methods. This technique permits one to design more freely. We believe this concept is also applicable to repairing other anomalies of the hand in situations where standard methods are not effective.
Female↗
Vitreous hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration.
The clinical features of two patients with vitreous hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration and the histopathological findings in one of these cases are reported. Twenty additional cases are reviewed and compared with previously reported series. In patients with vitreous hemorrhage secondary to age-related macular degeneration, the appearance of vitreal blood is often preceded by extensive subretinal hemorrhage. Although this condition may be confused with a vitreous hemorrhage accompanying choroidal malignant melanoma, the correct diagnosis is usually apparent from clinical findings and ultrasonography. In most patients the prognosis for visual improvement is poor because of macular degeneration and extensive subretinal hemorrhage. A vitrectomy to remove the vitreous hemorrhage associated with macular degeneration is rarely beneficial.
Aged↗
Effects of stimulus blocking, light scattering, and distortion on multifocal electroretinogram.
PURPOSE: To investigate how the multifocal electroretinogram (ERG) is altered in conditions of blocking, light scattering, or distortion of the stimulus that are seen in ocular pathologies. METHODS: A central 40 degree-diameter stimulus pattern consisting of 61 hexagons was presented on a cathode ray tube monitor at a rate of 75 Hz according to the pseudo-random binary M sequence by the Veris computer program. Localized responses corresponding to each hexagon and ERG topographies were displayed on the computer screen. Central scotoma was simulated by blocking the central area of the stimulus, visual field constriction by blocking the outer area of the stimulus, mild cataract by using acrylic filters that caused light scatter, and epiretinal membrane by using a wavy plastic plate that produced metamorphopsia. RESULTS: The responses from the blocked area were nonrecordable whether blockage was central or peripheral; responses from the adjacent unblocked area had a larger amplitude when large areas of the stimulus were blocked. The light scatter that decreased vision from 20/20 to 20/70 did not significantly decrease response amplitudes. Responses from areas in which the stimulus pattern was distorted were minimally affected. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the system records local ERGs from the macula and outside the macula. It can detect the area where the stimulus is blocked. Moderate light scattering and distortion do not cause loss of local ERG characteristics.
Adult↗
Pattern reversal visual evoked response in retinitis pigmentosa.
PURPOSE: To determine if the pattern reversal visual evoked response (PVER) can objectively evaluate visual function in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 29 patients (29 eyes) with RP, a visual acuity (VA) better than 20/100, and for whom an electroretinogram (ERG) and a PVER had been recorded. A steady-state PVER was measured using five check sizes: 160, 80, 40, 20 and 10 min of arc. The best-corrected VA was measured using the ETDRS chart. Visual fields (VFs) were measured using standard Goldmann perimetry. To quantify the VFs, we measured the field size (isopter IV-2) in four meridians and averaged them. Twenty-five eyes of 25 normal subjects served as controls. RESULTS: The mean and median VAs were 20/40 (logMAR = 0.30 +/- 0.20). The average VF (isopter IV-2 ) was 20 degrees (median, 9 degrees: range. 2 degrees to 62 degrees). All patients had a recordable PVER. Only 12 (41 %) patients had a recordable ERGs, all subnormal. The PVER amplitudes showed a relatively good correlation with VA in the intermediate check sizes (40 min of arc, r = 0.611. P = 0.0004: 20 min of arc, r = 0.596. P = 0.0007). The PVER amplitude-check size function had a flattened inverted V shape in the RP patients and an inverted U shape in the normal subjects, with the mean amplitudes for the RP patients significantly smaller than the normals at all check sizes. CONCLUSION: The PVER is a useful method for objectively evaluating the visual function in RP patients whose central vision is still preserved.
Adolescent↗
Cloning and sequence analysis of calf cDNA and human genomic DNA encoding alpha-subunit precursor of muscle acetylcholine receptor.
The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from fish electric organ is well characterized and is known to consist of five subunits present in a molar stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta gamma delta (reviewed in refs 1-3). The mammalian skeletal muscle AChR is thought to have a similar subunit structure. We have recently elucidated the primary structures of the alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-subunit precursors of the Torpedo californica AChR by cloning and sequencing cDNAs for these polypeptides; cDNA sequences for the gamma-subunit precursor of the T. californica AChR and the alpha-subunit precursor of the Torpedo marmorata AChR have also been reported by other groups. The four subunits exhibit conspicuous sequence homology and are similar in hydrophilicity profile and predicted secondary structure, thus being most probably oriented in a pseudosymmetric fashion across the membrane. The transmembrane topology of the subunit molecules and the locations of functionally important regions, such as the acetylcholine binding site and the trans-membrane segments which may be involved in the ionic channel, have been proposed. We have now cloned cDNA for the alpha-subunit precursor of the calf skeletal muscle AChR and a human genomic DNA segment containing the corresponding gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNAs has revealed the primary structures of the calf and human AChR alpha-subunit precursors, which exhibit marked sequence homology with their Torpedo counterpart. The protein-coding sequence of the human AChR alpha-subunit precursor gene is divided by eight introns into nine exons, which seem to correspond to different structural and functional domains of the subunit precursor molecule.
Animals↗
Nucleotide sequences of cloned cDNAs for two types of bovine brain substance P precursor.
The primary structures of two types of bovine brain substance P precursors have been determined. One precursor contains a sequence homologous to that of the amphibian peptide kassinin. This new tachykinin sequence is bounded by paired basic amino acids Lys-Arg, which suggests that, like substance P, it can be liberated from the precursor and may serve as an endogenous hormone or neuromediator in mammalian organisms.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Isolation and structural organization of the human preproenkephalin B gene.
The primary structure of porcine preproenkephalin B has been elucidated by cloning and sequencing cDNA: it contains neoendorphin, dynorphin and leumorphin (containing rimorphin as its amino-terminus). These opioid peptides, each having a leucine-enkephalin structure, act on the kappa-receptor. We have now cloned a human genomic DNA segment containing the preproenkephalin B gene. The structural organization of this gene resembles those of the genes encoding the other opioid peptide precursors, that is, preproenkephalin A and the corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor (ACTH-beta-LPH precursor). The primary structure of human preproenkephalin B has been deduced from the gene sequence. The amino acid sequence homology observed between preproenkephalin B and preproenkephalin A, together with the similarity between their gene organizations, suggests that the two genes have been generated from a common ancestor by gene duplication.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
mRNA sequence for human cardiodilatin-atrial natriuretic factor precursor and regulation of precursor mRNA in rat atria.
The mammalian cardiac atrium has recently been shown to contain numerous peptides that exert marked effects on kidney function and vascular resistance. With one exception, the peptides have potent natriuretic and diuretic activities, and sequence similarities suggest that they may be derived from a common atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) precursor. The exception, cardiodilatin (CDD), differs from the ANF peptides in possessing potent vasorelaxant activity, but not natriuretic and diuretic activities. Here we report the cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the human precursor protein (preproCDD-ANF) containing both the CDD and ANF sequences. The CDD sequence represents the N-terminal sequence preceded directly by a signal peptide, while the ANF sequence is present at the C-terminal end of the protein. Using hybridization analysis, we further show that the amount of rat preproCDD-ANF mRNA, which is synthesized selectively in the atria but not the ventricles, markedly decreases on water deprivation, suggesting that the water-electrolyte balance may be an important factor in the regulation of the expression of the preproCDD-ANF gene.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Location of functional regions of acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit by site-directed mutagenesis.
The availability of cloned cDNAs encoding the four subunits of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor, which can be expressed to make functional receptors in Xenopus oocytes, has made possible a detailed investigation of the functions of the different structural components of the receptor. The functional analysis of receptors with alpha-subunits altered at specific sites by site-directed mutagenesis of the cDNA has allowed the location of specific regions of the alpha-subunit molecule involved in acetylcholine binding and forming a transmembrane ionic channel.
Animals↗
Primary structure of the alpha-subunit of Torpedo californica (Na+ + K+)ATPase deduced from cDNA sequence.
Sodium- and potassium-dependent ATPase [(Na+ + K+)ATPase], which is responsible for the active transport of Na+ and K+, is distributed universally among animal cell membranes and consists of two types of subunits, alpha and beta (refs 1-4). The larger alpha-subunit with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 84,000-120,000 is thought to have the catalytic role. We have now cloned and sequenced DNA complementary to the Torpedo californica electroplax messenger RNA encoding the alpha-subunit of (Na+ + K+)ATPase and have deduced the complete amino-acid sequence of the polypeptide. Some structural features of the alpha-subunit molecule related to the function of this active-transport protein are discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Primary structure of the receptor for calcium channel blockers from skeletal muscle.
The complete amino-acid sequence of the receptor for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers from rabbit skeletal muscle is predicted by cloning and sequence analysis of DNA complementary to its messenger RNA. Structural and sequence similarities to the voltage-dependent sodium channel suggest that in the transverse tubule membrane of skeletal muscle the dihydropyridine receptor may act both as voltage sensor in excitation-contraction coupling and as a calcium channel.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms: ethnic difference and possible association with bipolar affective disorder.
There is some evidence suggesting that a polymorphism of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the second intron of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and another variation which lies 1.2 kb upstream of the promoter of the gene (5-HTTLPR) are associated with affective disorders. However, conflicting results have also been reported. We examined an allelic association of these two polymorphisms in a Japanese sample of 191 patients with affective disorders (142 bipolar and 49 unipolar) and 212 controls. Substantial differences in the number and frequency of alleles between Caucasians and Japanese were observed for both polymorphisms. A significant association between the VNTR polymorphism and bipolar disorder (genotypic association: odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.0; allelic association: odds ratio 1.7, 95% CI 1.0-3.0) was found, but not between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and bipolar disorder. No significant association with unipolar depression was detected using either genetic marker, although this may be attributable to the relatively small number of subjects with unipolar depression. Our results suggest that the VNTR itself or another unknown functional polymorphism which would be in linkage disequilibrium to the VNTR has an effect on susceptibility to bipolar disorder.
Adult↗
Meningioma with granulofilamentous inclusions.
The authors report a case of intracranial meningioma with granulofilamentous inclusions. A 50-year-old man had right trigeminal neuralgia due to trigeminal nerve compression by a petroclival tumor and received tumor resection. Microscopically, tumor cells containing eccentric nuclei and intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions were arranged in sheets and whorls. The inclusions were negative for periodic acid-Schiff reaction. No histological anaplasia was seen. Immunohistochemistry showed epithelial membrane antigen reactivity on the cytoplasmic membrane. Immunoreactivity for vimentin was recognized in cytoplasm adjacent to inclusions. However, confocal laser microscopic study revealed immunoreactivity for vimentin even inside some inclusions. Ultrastructurally, interdigitation of cytoplasmic processes and desmosomes connecting adjacent cells were noted. Inclusions were composed of numerous fine osmiophilic granules attached by intermediates filaments. These findings were consistent with a meningioma with the granulofilamentous inclusions described earlier. The findings demonstrated by confocal laser microscopy and electron microscopy suggest that these granular materials may be the metabolic products of vimentin filaments.
Humans↗