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Biomedical subjects

T Hongo

Publications and source records attributed to T Hongo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Functional identification of last-order interneurones of skin reflex pathways in the cat forelimb segments.

Premotor neurones mediating skin reflex actions onto cat forelimb motoneurones at T1 were identified by observing their monosynaptic effects on motoneurones by means of spike-triggered averaging. Both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurones, with mono- or polysynaptic inputs from skin afferents, were identified at C7 to rostral C8, and were found mostly in laminae V-VI. They received excitatory inputs from corticospinal and rubrospinal tract fibres.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Cell culture of small round cell tumor originating in the thoracopulmonary region. Evidence for derivation from a primitive pluripotent cell.

The authors describe a 14-year-old girl with small round cell tumor originating in the chest wall analyzed by the extensive studies including light and electron microscopic examination, histochemical study, immunochemical study, cytogenetics, and gene analysis. A cell line producing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been established from pleural effusion of the pulmonary metastatic tumor. Cytogenetic analysis disclosed a reciprocal translocation (11;22)(q24;q12). Additionally, immunocytochemical studies demonstrated that CEA, NSE, vimentin, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigens are positive, but desmin and S-100 protein are negative. Although neurofilament was negative in the pulmonary metastatic tumor cells, it became positive in cell line in vitro. These results suggest that this tumor may be derived from the primitive and pluripotential cells, differentiating into mesenchymal, epithelial, and neural features in variable proportions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) in myxoid liposarcoma of a child and implication of the human int-1 gene in tumorigenesis.

Cytogenetic and gene analyses were performed in a child with myxoid liposarcoma (MLS). A reciprocal chromosome translocation t(12;16)(q13;p11) was found in the tumor cells. This result, combined with the previous reports of a similar translocation in adult MLS strongly suggests that this translocation may be a characteristic cytogenetic marker in MLS. The human int-1 gene has been reported to be located close to the 12q13 breakpoint associated with MLS. Therefore, we examined the rearrangement of the human int-1 gene by Southern blotting analysis. When genomic DNAs from the tumor cells were digested with KpnI, EcoRI and BamHI, no difference was seen compared to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) DNAs from a normal individual. However, with HindIII digestion there appeared a 3.1 kb fragment in tumor cell DNA as compared to a 2.8 kb fragment in DNAs prepared from normal PBL and the patient's PBL. These findings suggest that the int-1 gene may be implicated in tumorigenesis of MLS with t(12;16)(q13;p11).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Special features of distribution of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Japan.

The incidence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis isolation from humans, animals, water, and pork in Japan is presented on the basis of a review of the literature and serotyping of 633 strains referred to our laboratory. Most of the strains belonged to serogroup 4b, followed in frequency of isolation by serogroups 3, 1b, 5b, 5a, and the others, whereas serogroup 1a has not been detected. Although strains were isolated from 11 species of animals, none were isolated from birds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative and morphological studies of the bones by mathematical morphology--theory and practice of mathematical morphology.

To quantitatively analyze internal bone structures, trabecular bones were quantitatively studied through the application of mathematical morphology. Mathematical morphology considers the shape of the analyze objects and utilizes image processing theory in an approach that is extremely effective on for studying the complex shapes of trabecular bones. This paper describes quantitative studies made of trabecular bone density and width, trabecular specific length per unit area, and trabecular bone orientation.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative and morphological studies on the trabecular bones in the condyloid processes of the Japanese mandibles. Comparisons between dentulous and edentulous specimens.

Using dentulous and edentulous specimens, mathematical morphology was applied to quantities bone morphology measurements, of the trabecular bones in the condyloid processes, which form the temporomandibular joint and are the center of mandibular motion. There is a tendency for trabecular bone density and width in edentulous specimens to be comparatively lower than for dentulous specimens and a similar decrease in continuity of the trabecular bones. Values for specific length are highest in dentulous specimens, indicating a greater degree of interlocking. A degree of regularity is observed in trabecular bone orientation; in edentulous specimens trabecular bones other than major ones are fewer and thinner.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative and morphological studies of the trabecular bones in the condyloid processes of the Japanese mandibles; changes due to aging.

The structure of bone changes with advancing age. In order to observe changes in the trabecular bone structure of the mandibular condyloid process and their relationship to age, the mandibular condyloid process and third lumbar vertebra were extracted from cadavers from several age groups, and changes in trabecular bone structure due to age were compared. Comparison of the trabecular bones of the lumbar vertebra and condyloid processes from single cadavers by age revealed a clear reduction in trabecular bone density and width in the lumbar vertebra accompanying advancing age. In the condyloid process in contrast no major changes were observed; it appears that the effects of aging are slight.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Elevated lead concentrations in Japanese ribs of the Edo era (300-120 BP).

Nineteen elements (Al, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were analyzed in excavated bone (rib) of the Edo era (a Japanese historical era, 300-120 BP (before present] from different burial conditions in Tokyo, and in contemporary Japanese bone (rib) obtained from autopsy cases. The elemental composition of the excavated bones varied according to their burial conditions. The concentration of soil-related elements such as Fe, Mn, Co and Ti in the bone was lowest in the samples in the "wooden coffin in a stone room", next lowest in the "funeral urn with mud", and highest in the "wooden coffin full of mud". The Pb concentration was higher in excavated bones than in contemporary bones and much higher, by as much as several tens micrograms/g, in the bones in the "wooden coffin in a stone room" and in the "funeral urn with mud". These results strongly support the notion that Japanese in the city of Edo were highly polluted by environmental lead.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1988

Comments on group II excitation in hindlimb motoneurones in high and low spinal cats.

Effects from group II muscle afferents on gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) motoneurones were compared in unanaesthetized anaemically decerebrated high (C1) and low (Th10) spinal cats. The proportion of G-S motoneurones receiving group II excitation was about the same in low and in high spinal cats. No overall decrease in the strength of group II excitation could be demonstrated after low spinalization. It is postulated that the previously observed low incidence of group II EPSPs in G-S motoneurones in low spinal cats was due to anaesthesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sensory input to cells of origin of uncrossed spinocerebellar tract located below Clarke's column in the cat.

1. Sensory inputs to and locations of uncrossed spinocerebellar tract neurones in the lower lumbar cord were studied in chloralose-anaesthetized cats. 2. Neurones with axons ascending in the ipsilateral thoracic funiculi and projecting to the cerebellum were found mainly dorsal to the central canal (laminae V and VI) in the L5-L6 segments, i.e. at levels caudal to Clarke's column. Axons considered to originate from these cells were located in the dorsal half of the lateral funiculus at the level of L2, intermingled with axons of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract originating at the levels of Clarke's column. 3. Synaptic actions of primary afferents on neurones with antidromic invasion following stimuli applied to ipsilateral thoracic funiculi or to the cerebellum were investigated using intracellular or extracellular recording in the caudal lumbar segments. 4. Monosynaptic excitatory effects were evoked by electrical stimulation of group I muscle afferents of the hindlimb ipsilateral to the cell body. The majority of neurones received monosynaptic excitation from two or more muscles, predominantly extensors. They were frequently co-excited by group Ia muscle spindle and group Ib tendon organ afferents. 5. Volleys in cutaneous afferents produced excitation with short central latencies. In addition to the monosynaptic and disynaptic excitation from low-threshold cutaneous afferents, there were indications of monosynaptic effects from slightly slower conducting fibres. The majority of these neurones also received monosynaptic excitation from group I muscle afferents. Neurones with cutaneous input tended to be located more dorsally compared with those responding only to muscle afferents. 6. Volleys in joint afferents produced monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the neurones with EPSPs from group I or group I and cutaneous afferents. 7. Some neurones were disynaptically inhibited from group I muscle afferents. Convergence of monosynaptic group I excitation and disynaptic group I inhibition occurred in varieties of patterns. 8. Polysynaptic excitation, inhibition or mixed effects of both were evoked from ipsilateral cutaneous afferents and high-threshold muscle and joint afferents, whereas effects from the controlateral afferents were feeble.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Minerals and vitamin-A status in relation to gustatory functions for salt in healthy female college students.

Twenty-five healthy female college students were studied for the gustatory function tests for salt (NaCl) and some selected biochemical parameters including plasma retinol and plasma retinol-binding protein (PRBP). Plasma zinc (PZn) and retinol levels were comparable with those of good responders in tests of discrimination between two levels of NaCl in the previous report, but PRBP was lower in the present subjects. From the results of correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis, the individual student's discriminability of NaCl concentrations was related to the parameters regarding metabolic status of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and selenium (Se). The detection threshold of NaCl concentration ranged from 1 to 60 mmol/liter and was related to PRBP. Plasma Zn was significantly positively correlated with both plasma retinol and PRBP, but significantly negatively correlated only for the detection threshold of NaCl concentration. On the basis of these results, the importance of vitamin-A nutrition and the relation of minerals such as Na, Ca, Mg, and Zn to the gustatory functions of NaCl was confirmed and a possible participation of Se to the functions was suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Serial spectral EEG analysis in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated by leukoencephalopathy induced by high-dose methotrexate].

An autopsy case of disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is reported. The patient was a 5-year-old girl, who was admitted to Hamamatsu University School of Medicine because of an abdominal mass in April, 1984. She was diagnosed as having diffuse lymphoma, medium cell type, according to the LSG classification of a biopsied specimen of the liver mass and great omental lymph nodes. Chemotherapy containing HD-MTX was given until the first bone marrow relapse occurred in September, 1985. Subsequently, the physical and CT findings were normal except for decrement of deep tendon reflex, though slight gait disturbance was apparent. In serial spectral EEG analysis, the alpha/s ratio showed slowing activity upon administration of HD-MTX, and it became irreversible. In June, 1986, second bone marrow relapse occurred, and the patient died in July, 1986. At necropsy, multifocal necroses and extensive spongiosis in the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes were revealed in the bilateral hemispheres of the cerebrum and cerebellum. Irregular confluent demyelination and necroses were also present in the brain stem, especially the pons. Therefore, serial EEG analysis might be a means of achieving early detection of leukoencephalopathy in HD-MTX-treated patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Trajectory of group Ia and Ib fibers from the hind-limb muscles at the L3 and L4 segments of the spinal cord of the cat.

Nineteen physiologically identified group Ia and five group Ib fibers at the L3 and L4 levels of the spinal cord originating from various hind-limb muscles were intraaxonally injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The trajectories of the stained axons were reconstructed. They extended for distances of 8.6 mm-18.0 mm rostrocaudally. Ascending axons ran in various regions of the dorsal funiculus: The ascending axon from a toe muscle (3 microns in diameter) ran in the ventral most part of the paramedian region; those from shank muscles (3.0-5.0 microns) in both dorsal and ventral paramedian regions; those from thigh muscles (5.0-7.0 microns) in both the paramedian and the more lateral regions; and those from hip muscles (6.0-7.0 microns) in the lateral region. Main collaterals arising from the parent fiber were given off at intervals of 0.5-6.2 mm (mean 2.4 mm). Collaterals of a fiber from a toe muscle (1.0 micron in diameter) entered Clarke's column from the dorsomedial side and ramified mostly in the dorsomedial one-third of the column. Collaterals of fibers from shank muscles (1.0-2.0 microns) entered Clarke's column from the dorsal side and terminated in its middle parts as well as in laminae V-VII. Collaterals of fibers from thigh muscles (1.0-2.5 microns) passed lateral to or through the lateral part of Clarke's column and terminated in its ventrolateral part and in laminae V-VIII. Collaterals of fibers from hip muscles (1.5-2.5 microns) passed lateral to Clarke's column and ramified mostly in laminae VII-IX. As the muscle of origin became more proximal, the proportion of termination outside of Clarke's column progressively increased. Thus, the trajectory of group I fibers was somatotopically organized both in the dorsal funiculus and in the gray matter. The long axis of boutons ranged from 0.5 to 17 microns in Ia fibers and from 0.5 to 8 microns in Ib fibers. "Giant" Ia boutons (above 7 microns) were found both in and outside Clarke's column.

Animals↗