T Hyypi | PubMed Health

PubMed1999

Relationships between simian and human enteroviruses.

Partial sequences from two genomic regions of simian enteroviruses were analysed and their relatedness to other picornaviruses was compared. Of the 18 simian viruses included in the analysis, sequences were obtained from eleven strains for at least one genomic region. In the 5' non-coding region, SV6, SV19, SV26, SV35, SV43 and SV46 (simian viruses) and BA13 (baboon virus) clearly grouped together with human enteroviruses, whereas SV4, SV28 and SA4 (South African isolate) were more distantly related. In the 3D RNA polymerase-coding region, SV26, SV35, SV43 and SV46 could be clearly identified as enteroviruses and fell into the previously defined cluster A, which contains such human viruses as coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71. However, although SV6 and BA13 were also enterovirus-like, they did not belong to any known genetic cluster of human enteroviruses. Moreover, while SV18 could be recognized as a picornavirus, it did not directly group with members of the genus Enterovirus.

5' Untranslated Regions↗

PubMed1999

Enterovirus receptors and virus replication in human leukocytes.

Although enteroviruses cause a great variety of diseases including meningitis, paralysis and myocarditis, the life-cycle of these viruses in man is still quite poorly understood. The role of human leukocytes as a target for enterovirus infections was studied in this report. Despite great similarity in the structure and replication of coxsackievirus B3 (CBV3), echovirus 1 (EV1), and poliovirus 1 (PV1), the ability of these viruses to infect human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and B (Raji), T (Molt-4) and monocytic (U-937) cell lines differed markedly. CBV3 attached both to PBMC and the three haematopoietic cell lines studied, whereas EV1 bound only to PBMC. Generally, the attachment of PV1 was very poor. The binding assays mostly correlated with the expression of CD55 (decay accelerating factor, DAF) and alpha2beta1-integrin (VLA-2), which are known to act as receptors for CBV3 and EV1, respectively, as well as with the expression of the PV receptor on the cell surface. To analyse virus replication in the cells, viral protein and nucleic acid syntheses were studied by immunoprecipitation and RT-PCR. CBV3 was able to replicate in Raji and Molt-4 cells, even though no expression of DAF was detected, whereas in the monocytic cell line, viral protein synthesis was detected only after transfection of virus RNA. Neither CBV3 nor EV1 replicated in PBMC and all haematopoietic cells studied seemed to be poorly permissive for PV1 replication.

Cell Line↗