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Biomedical subjects

T I Oparina

Publications and source records attributed to T I Oparina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cooling garment treatment in MS: clinical improvement and decrease in leukocyte NO production.

Ten heat-sensitive patients with MS were randomly allocated in a cross-over study to wear a cooling garment for 60 minutes at 7 degrees C (active cooling) and 26 degrees C (sham cooling). In contrast to sham cooling, active cooling improved fatigue and postural stability with eyes closed and muscle strength. There was no decrease in tympanic temperature, but active cooling was associated with a 41% decrease in mean leukocyte nitric oxide (NO) production (p = 0.004). This effect on NO could be relevant because it blocks conduction in demyelinated axons.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effects of peptides on generation of reactive oxygen species in subcellular fractions of Drosophila melanogaster.

We studied the effects of Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) and Vilon (Lys-Glu) on free radical processes in highly inbred HA(+)line of Drosophila melanogaster. Vilon inhibited generation of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria, but stimulated this process in the cytosol. We found sex- and age-related differences in the generation of reactive oxygen species and cytosol antioxidant activity.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Effect of chronic inhalation of toluene and dioxane on activity of free radical processes in rat ovaries and brain.

The effects of toluene and dioxane inhalations on the intensity of free radical oxidation in rat ovaries and brain cortex were studied. Both toxins in a dose 10-fold surpassing the maximum permissible concentration increased activity of glutathione peroxidase in brain tissue; moreover, toluene increased chemiluminescence intensity, which attested to activation of free radical processes. In ovarian tissue toluene increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and the intensity of lipid peroxidation. These changes were associated with the appearance of normally absent circadian rhythm.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Melatonin increases both life span and tumor incidence in female CBA mice.

From the age of 6 months until their natural deaths, female CBA mice were given melatonin with their drinking water (20 mg/l) for 5 consecutive days every month. Intact mice served as controls. The results of this study show that the consumption of melatonin did not significantly influence food consumption, but it did increase the body weight of older mice; it did not influence physical strength or the presence of fatigue; it decreased locomotor activity and body temperature; it inhibited free radical processes in serum, brain, and liver; it slowed down the age-related switching-off of estrous function; and it increased life span. However, we also found that treatment with the used dose of melatonin increased spontaneous tumor incidence in mice. For this reason, we concluded that it would be premature to recommend melatonin as a geroprotector for long-term use.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of pineal peptide on parameters of the biological age and life span in mice].

Female CBA mice were injected with s.c. synthetic tetrapeptide Epithalon from a 6-month age until death. The drug failed to affect the body weight or food consumption, physical activity or behavioural parameters. However, it slowed down the age-related switching off of the estrus function, decreased body temperature, decelerated free redical processes, prolonged the mice life span with an accompanying drop in spontaneous tumour incidence.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

[Significance of determination of medium weight molecules in urine in normal pregnancy, in complicated pregnancy and in newborns with hypoxia].

Women with normal gestation and with gestosis and diabetes and newborns exposed to chronic intrauterine hypoxia were examined in order to elucidate the diagnostic value of measuring the content of low- and medium-weight molecules (MWM) in the urine in some obstetrical and gynecological abnormalities. Urinary content of MWM was increased at late terms of pregnancy (25-40 weeks). In first-degree nephropathy and type I diabetes without vascular complications the content of MWM in the urine did not change. A drop of MWM level was observed in second-third-degree nephropathy and proteinuria, which can be attributed to impaired function of the kidneys. In healthy newborns no differences in MWM content were detected during the first day of life, but in newborns exposed to chronic intrauterine hypoxia MWM level was increased. Hence, measurement of MWM level in the urine can have prognostic significance in diseases involving gestosis and fetal hypoxia.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2000

[The effect of melatonin on the indices of biological age, on longevity and on the development of spontaneous tumors in mice].

Fifty female CBA mice were given melatonin with drinking water (20 mg/l) for 5 consecutive days monthly, beginning from the age of 6 months, until natural death. Another 50 intact mice were used as controls. Melatonin failed to significantly influence body weight or food consumption. Age-related switching-off of estrus function was delayed, body temperature decreased. Somewhat decreased motor activity did not affect physical one or endurance. Increase in life span led to higher spontaneous tumor incidence. Another experiment using 20 animals of the same line showed melatonin to inhibit free-radical processes. A conclusion was drawn that caution should be exercised before melatonin is recommended for long-term administration as a geroprotector.

Aging↗
PubMed1999

[Age-related changes in the activity of free-radical processes in rat tissues and blood serum].

Activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in old rats' brain was found to be decreased by 46.8% as compared to young animals. The brain concentration of Schiff bases (SB) was decreased by 13.6% in old rats, whereas concentration of diene conjugates (DC), protein peroxidation (PP), and total antioxidative activity (TAA) was the same in old as well as in young rats. The liver level of the DC and TAA was also the same. The serum level of the PP, SB, and DC was increased whereas the activity of the SOD and TAA was decreased in old rats. The findings suggest occurrence of considerable age-related changes in free radical processes as well as the organ specifics of these changes in rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Effect of melatonin and pineal peptide preparation epithalamin on life span and free radical oxidation in Drosophila melanogaster.

It was shown previously that epithalamin delays age-related changes in reproductive and immune systems and increases the life span of mice and rats. These effects could be mediated by stimulating influences of epithalamin on synthesis and secretion of melatonin and on free radical processes. A comparative study on the effect of epithalamin and melatonin on both the life span of Drosophila melanogaster (strain HEM) and on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidative enzymes in their tissues was the main aim of this work. Melatonin and epithalamin was added to the nutrition medium (100 micrograms/ml) during 2-3rd age of larvas. For survival analysis the flies were passed (five coupes per vessel) each 3-7 days. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated as the level of ketodienes (KD) and conjugated hydroperoxides (CHP) in fly tissues at the age of 11 days. Activity of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismuatse (SOD) and catalase was evaluated as well. The mean, median and maximum life span (MLS) were estimated. Mortality rate (MR) was calculated as alpha in the Gompertz equation (R = Ro (exp alpha t) and mortality rate doubling time (MRDT) as in 2/alpha. These parameters in groups of male and female flies exposed to melatonin and in male flies exposed to epithalamin were no different from the parameters for controls. However, exposure to epithalamin was followed in females by a significant increase in mean life span (by 17%, P < 0.02), of median (by 26%), of MLS by 14% and by a 2.12 times decrease of MR (P < 0.01) and MRDT (by 32%) compared with female controls. The level of CHP and KD in the tissues of male control flies was 40 and 49% less than that in females and indirectly correlates with male life span. Exposure to melatonin was followed by a decrease in the level of CHP and KD in females and the deletion of sex differences in them. Exposure to epithalamin significantly decreased the level of CHP and KD in female flies compared to controls (2.3 and 3.4 times, respectively, P < 0.001). Exposure to melatonin failed to influence the activity of catalase in males but increased it in females by 24% (P < 0.02) and failed to influence SOD activity both in males and females. Exposure to epithalamin was followed by a significant increase in activity of catalse, 20% in males and 7% in females and by an increase in SOD activity in males (41%). Thus, it was shown that exposure to epithalamin significantly increases the mean life span and MLS of female D.melanogaster and slowed down their aging rate by 2.12 times. This effect is in good agreement with the inhibiting effect of epithalamin in lipid peroxidation processes in fly tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Antioxidant activity of the blood serum in pregnant and nonpregnant women: comparison of various detection methods].

Antioxidant activity (AOA) of the serum was assessed in pregnant and nonpregnant women by three different methods. AOA assessed by the chemiluminescent method with riboflavin was increased in pregnant women (30-39 weeks) in comparison with donors. This increase may be due to appearance of a specific protein component possessing a high AOA in the serum of pregnant women. Measurements of AOA by two spectrophotometric methods, with DPPH and quercetin, showed a decrease of AOA in pregnancy. Analysis of correlations shows that in donors all the methods used reflect the activities of virtually the same components of antioxidant defense, whereas in pregnant women the composition of the predominant antioxidant components is changed. Hence, application of several methods or measurement of certain components of the antioxidant system is advisable in pregnant women.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Free-radical processes in blood serum, liver and large bowel during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in rats].

Rats were injected 21 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine (DMH), in a single dose, subcutaneously (experimental run I), or 5 times at weekly intervals (experimental run II) to measure free-radical process indices in blood serum, liver and large bowel 24 hr after a single exposure and 6 months after 5 exposures. Run I identified marked DMH inhibition of blood-serum level of active forms of oxygen (AFO). However it did not involve any changes in the concentrations of such products of lipids peroxidation (LP) as dien conjugates, Schiff's bases and protein peroxides (PP). Neither did total antioxidation activity (TAA) or that of Cu, Zn-superoxydismutase (SOD) change. However, nitrite levels increased while those of ceruloplasmin decreased significantly. AFO levels also dropped in the liver, following a single injection of DMH, with TAA and SOD activity decreased significantly. No changes were observed in AFO generation processes in the bowel which was targeted by DMH treatment. A slight decrease in TAA, a rise in PP and diverse changes in the enzymatic system of antioxodation protection were recorded: decreased SOD activity and an insignificant rise in catalase level (like in the liver). Run II showed an intensification of peroxidation in blood serum and bowel in animals bearing intestinal tumors. However, no distinct changes occurred in the liver. The results point to a tendency of free-radical processes being intensified during DMH-induced carcinogenesis in rats.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1994

[A comparative genetic analysis of interlinear differences in intensity of lipid peroxidation and life span in Drosophila melanogaster. Inbred lines and hybrids].

The interrelationship between the level of peroxidation lipid and longevity was studied as based on highly inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster, bred for adaptively important characters. The concepts of the free-radical theory proved valid for the lines and failed to be supported for the crosses. The dominant role of heterosis in the protecting against the "aging action" of free radicals is postulated.

Animals↗