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Biomedical subjects

T I Sörensen

Publications and source records attributed to T I Sörensen.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Predictors of major weight gain in adult Finns: stress, life satisfaction and personality traits.

OBJECTIVE: To study how stress, life satisfaction and personality related factors, are related to long-term major weight gain. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, with follow-up by questionnaire at 6 y and 15 y with a within-study replication. SUBJECTS: 5867 twin pairs aged 18-54 y at baseline, considered as two sets of unrelated individuals in analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for 10 kg weight gain over 6 y and 15 y. RESULTS: A high level of stress at baseline, was a predictor for major weight gain over 6 y, and this effect was consistent in some groups even over 15 y. Low levels of life satisfaction and high scores for neuroticism, were predictors for weight gain in older women. These effects were consistent, even after adjustments for confounding variables (education, dieting, smoking, alcohol consumption and pregnancy in women). High levels of extroversion showed a trend towards lesser weight gain in younger men. CONCLUSION: Psychological traits did not affect the risk of major long-term weight gain in a uniform fashion. The observed effects of the factors related to psychological health were modest and consistent, but varied by age and gender. Thus, there may be trait-specific effects in selected subgroups of the population that should be further investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Prevention of first bleeding in cirrhosis. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of nonsurgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of beta-blockers and endoscopic sclerotherapy in the prevention of first bleeding and reduction of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and esophagogastric varices. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent studies were selected using MEDLINE (1980 to 1990), reference lists from published articles or reviews, and congress abstract lists. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized trials comparing beta-blockers or sclerotherapy with a nonactive treatment. Nine randomized clinical trials of beta-blockers and 19 trials of sclerotherapy were reviewed. Seven trials of beta-blockers and 15 of sclerotherapy were published as full papers. DATA EXTRACTION: Crude rates of bleeding and death in treated and control groups were extracted from each trial by three independent observers according to the intention-to-treat principle. The quality of published papers was systematically assessed and scored. DATA SYNTHESIS: The Mantel-Haenszel-Peto method was used for statistical evaluation of heterogeneity and for pooling of the results. No substantial heterogeneity was found, and the incidence of bleeding in trials of beta-blockers was significantly reduced (pooled odds ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.74), particularly in patients with large or medium-sized varices or in those with varices and a hepatic vein pressure gradient above 12 mm Hg; however, only a trend toward reduced mortality was obtained. Sclerotherapy trials were highly heterogeneous in the direction of the treatment effects on both bleeding (pooled odds ratio, 0.6; CI, 0.49 to 0.74) and mortality (pooled odds ratio, 0.76; CI, 0.61 to 0.94). The quality of the trials and the rate of bleeding in the untreated groups were the major sources of heterogeneity. The favorable results of sclerotherapy were obtained in trials with high bleeding rates among controls; several of these trials had a low quality score. CONCLUSIONS: Beta-blockers may be recommended for prevention of first bleeding in cirrhotic patients with varices who have a high risk for bleeding. The effectiveness of sclerotherapy remains undetermined. Further trials in high-risk patients may prove useful if improved criteria to predict bleeding risk become available.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1976

Bile acid metabolism after jejunoileal bypass operation for obesity.

Bile acid metabolism and duodenal bacterial flora were studied in 12 obese patients before and 1-2 months after jejunoileal bypass operation, either including 37.5 cm jejunum and 12.5 cm ileum (Type I) or 12.5 cm jejunum and 37.5 cm ileum (Type III). The cholic acid pool size was unchanged after type I, but decreased after type III, bypass. The daily fractional turn-over of cholic acid increased about five times after both types of operation. The synthesis rate of cholic acid increased after both types of bypass, but more after type I than after type III. In duodenal bile the ratios of cholic to taurine conjugates increased after type I, but were unchanged after type III bypass, whereas the ratio of cholic to chenodeoxycholic acid was unchanged after both types of bypass. The bacterial flora and the occurrence of free bile acids in the fasting duodenal contents did not change after either of the two types of bypass operation. It is concluded that jejunoileal bypass results in marked disturbances in the bile acid metabolism. Surprisingly, these are most severe after bypass including the longest ileum, possibly because of insufficient stimulation of the bile acid synthesis in this type of operation.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1976

Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. Five cases.

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) of the liver is a benign tumour with a cirrhosis-like appearance. The tumour is rare, but it is a relevant differential diagnosis in young patients with a hepatic mass. Radiologically and grossly FNH cannot be distinguished from malignant tumours. Biopsy with frozen section usually provides the diagnosis. There is no evidence that FNH is premalignant. Only a few patients have symptoms requiring treatment (pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting) and complications (weight loss, portal compression) are extremely rare. The preferred treatment for symptomatic tumours is removal. In patients without symptoms FNH can be left untreated without any undue risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Fat digestion after jejunoileal bypass operation for obesity.

Fat digestion in the upper jejunum was studied in 12 obese patients treated by jejunoileal bypass including either 37.5 cm jejunum and 12.5 cm ileum or 12.5 cm jejunum and 37.5 cm ileum. Jejunum was intubated and a test meal ingested before and 1-2 months after operation. Jejunal aspirates were heated immediately to destroy lipase, pooled and assayed for dilution marker, bile acids and total fat. Lipolytic products were determined by thin-layer chromatography and densitometry. The micellar phase was achieved by ultracentrifugation and analysed for total fat. Results. Bile acid concentration and lipolysis decreased after both bypass operations. In accordance with this, micellar solubilization of fat was impaired after operation. Bile acid concentration and micellar solubilization were lower after bypass with a long, than after bypass with a short, ileal loop. Absorption of fat in the duodenum and upper jejunum did not change significantly after any of the operations. Conclusions. Jejunoileal bypass impairs fat digestion, but this does nto contribute significantly to the fat malabsorption after operation.

Adult↗