Clinically diagnosed AIDS cases without evident association with HIV type 1 and 2 infections in Ghana.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Biomedical subjects
T Igarashi
Publications and source records attributed to T Igarashi.
Developmental aspects of a unique glutathione S-transferase subunit Yx in the liver cytosol from rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinuria. Comparison with rat fetal liver transferase subunit Yfetus.
The unique glutathione S-transferase (GST) subunit Yx, which is undetectable in normal adult rat liver cytosol, was shown to occur in the liver cytosol of rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinuria (EHB). The Yx subunit is a member of the Alpha-class GST subunits, and is immunologically closely related to the Yc subunit. The Yx subunit has an apparent M(r) of 26,400, different from those of Ya (M(r) 25,800), Yb1 and Yb2 (both M(r) 27,200) and Yc (M(r) 28,400). During postnatal development in livers of EHB rats, the Yx subunit concentration in either sex was highest during the first week post partum and declined rapidly with age. Although the concentration of subunit Yx at 8 weeks of age accounted for about 60% in females and 40% in males of that observed in 1-week-old 'neonatal' male EHB rats, concentrations in females thereafter increased gradually to almost the neonatal level and remained at this high level at least up to 37 weeks of age, whereas the concentration in males did not increase again. Thus the post-pubertal Yx subunit concentration was 2-fold higher in females than in males. In contrast, in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver, the Yfetus subunit, with the same M(r) as the Yx subunit, had the highest concentration in 10-day-old animals, declined rapidly thereafter, and was not detectable in the post-pubertal period. The Yfetus subunit was also immunoreactive with an antibody against GST YcYc. The analysis of GST subunits by reverse-phase h.p.l.c. revealed that the Yx subunit was eluted at a retention time different from other known subunits, but coincided with that of Yfetus. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Yx subunit displayed a high degree of sequence similarity to that of the Yfetus subunit. These data suggest that the Yx subunit in EHB rats may be very similar to, if not identical with, the Yfetus subunit.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Successful treatment with vincristine by slow infusion in a patient with refractory anemia and excess of blasts.
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Aged↗
Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin variant detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing.
A new mutant alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (variant ACT) was found by polymerase chain reaction single strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing. In this variant ACT, two bases (AA) were deleted from codon 391. This resulted in a different amino acid sequence downstream of the deletion point, elongating the peptide chain by 10 amino acids.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis syndrome presenting as multiple tubular dysfunction including Fanconi's syndrome.
We describe an 11-year-old male patient with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis (TINU) syndrome. He presented with easy fatigability, pallor, nocturia and weight loss. Laboratory examination disclosed anaemia, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia, low molecular weight proteinuria, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis, a urine concentration defect and decreased creatinine clearance. The multiple renal tubular dysfunction and slight glomerular dysfunction subsided spontaneously. Bilateral anterior uveitis was manifested 7 months after the onset of the disease. This is the first reported case of TINU syndrome with multiple proximal and distal tubular dysfunction including a complete type of Fanconi's syndrome.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
Transient neonatal distal renal tubular acidosis with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
We describe a neonate with distal renal tubular acidosis with secondary hyperparathyroidism manifesting as hyperchloraemia, hypercalcaemia, elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and life-threatening metabolic acidosis. He exhibited general weakness, tachypnoea, dry skin and weight loss. Urinary excretion of titratable acid and ammonium was decreased. Daily alkali (2.5 mEq/kg body weight) was required to maintain a normal plasma bicarbonate (HCO3-). With alkali therapy, the fractional excretion of HCO3- was below 5%. Serum calcium and PTH were restored to normal promptly on initiation of alkali therapy. After 5 months of alkali therapy, normal growth and urine acidifying ability were restored and alkali therapy was discontinued. The acidification defect in this patient was transient. We consider this patient to be consistent with Lightwood's syndrome of "transient infantile renal tubular acidosis".
Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
Extensive varices of ileocecum. Report of a case.
A man was admitted to our hospital because of intestinal reddish bleeding. Colonic varices were found at the cecum by colonoscopy. Angiography of the superior mesenteric artery showed that blood vessels were scant from the end of the ileum to the ascending colon. An operative view revealed the varices, but there was no trace of the ileocecal vein. This case, presenting a deficit of the ileocecal vein, indicated that the blood flow could not return via the ileocecal vein, and therefore there was an outflow through the varices to the surrounding intestine or abdominal veins. Such a case is probably unrepresented in the literature because it was caused by the total deficiency of the ileocecal vein and it was in the right colon.
Angiography↗
Purging in autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
The success of hematoablative dosages of cytotoxic therapy followed by stem cell transplantation depends on the disease response to the intensive drug dose and the ability of the transplant to provide durable hematopoietic reconstitution. In autologous stem cell transplantation, patients' own bone marrow or peripheral blood is used for hematopoietic engraftment. In several diseases the bone marrow is involved, and in such situations, the success of autologous stem cell transplantation may improve if the hematopoietic elements are enriched (positive selection) or if the contaminating cancer cells are purged by negative selection. In patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the T lymphocytes of the donor cells contribute to the development of graft-versus-host disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Selective purging of T lymphocytes has dramatically decreased the incidence of graft-versus-host disease. In this paper, various methods for purging hematopoietic stem cells are detailed with emphasis on treatment planning. Exciting new possibilities include growing stem cells from a small amount of bone marrow, enhancing immune surveillance, and decreasing drug resistance by genetic engineering.
Animals↗
Characterization of an exo-beta-D-fructosidase from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt.
An extracellular enzyme beta-D-fructosidase was purified from the culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 127,000 as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was specific for levan which mainly consists of beta-(2,6)-linked D-fructose and was also able to hydrolyze inulin, sucrose and raffinose at the activities of 13, 9 and 5% of that hydrolyzing levan, respectively. The pH optima for levan, inulin and sucrose were approximately 5.5, 6.0 and 5.0, respectively. The enzyme was optimally reactive at 55 C for levan. The enzyme was inhibited by Fe3+, Hg2+ and Zn2+ and not by either anionic or non-ionic detergents. Paper chromatographic analysis revealed that the enzyme attacked levan by an exo-type mechanism.
Chromatography, Gel↗
Characterization of the dextranase purified from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt.
We purified dextranase from the culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt by procedures including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 78 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme degraded dextran at the optimum pH of 5.5, but not other glucans and fructans at all. Paper chromatographic analysis revealed that the enzyme cleaved dextran by an endo-type mechanism. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and anionic detergents SDS and deoxycholic acid, but not inhibited by non-ionic detergents Triton X-100, Lubrol PX, Nonidet P-40, and Tween 80. SDS-blue dextran-PAGE analysis of the culture supernatant revealed that the enzyme activity detected in the 96 kDa band shifted gradually to the 78 kDa band during handling the supernatant. This shift was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that the shift of the molecular size is due to proteolytic degradation of the enzyme by serine protease.
Detergents↗
Changes on distribution of CD4+/CD45RA- and CD8+/CD11- cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of renal cell carcinoma associated with tumor progression.
To study the distribution of subsets of T cells in renal cell carcinoma, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were analyzed in 43 untreated patients using two-color flow cytometry. An increase in the relative number of CD4+/CD45RA-, CD8+/CD11- and HLA-DR+/CD3+ cells was shown in TIL when compared with PBL. When the influence of various tumor factors on subsets of TIL was examined, a decrease in CD4, CD4+/CD45RA- and CD16+/CD57- cells and an increase in CD8+ and CD8+/CD11- cells was observed along with the aggravation of tumor stage and grade. In TIL of stage III/IV and grade III/IV disease, most patients showed an increase in CD8+/CD11- associated with a decrease in CD4+/CD45RA- cells, or the reverse, resulting in changes of the CD4+/CD45RA- to CD8+/CD11- ratio. The prognosis for these patients was poor, suggesting that changes in the ratio were a sign of the impairment of local immune status associated with disease progression.
Adult↗
Conserved mechanism of negative gene regulation by extracellular calcium. Parathyroid hormone gene versus atrial natriuretic polypeptide gene.
We found that a negative calcium-responsive element (nCaRE) originally reported in the human parathyroid hormone gene is conserved among several genes. The results of the present study show that expression of one of the genes, the rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide gene, was negatively regulated in the heart by extracellular calcium by using an in vivo infusion system. Moreover, transfection of the cultured cells revealed that this DNA element conferred negative regulation by extracellular calcium on the reporter gene. It is suggested that there is a gene family whose expression is negatively regulated by extracellular calcium through this conserved DNA motif, nCaRE.
Animals↗
Treatment of patients with relapsed and resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using total body irradiation, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide and autologous bone marrow transplantation.
PURPOSE: Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) who do not achieve a complete response (CR) after induction chemotherapy or who relapse after achieving a CR are rarely cured of their disease by the usual salvage therapy. Success of high-dose cytotoxic therapy with an autologous bone marrow transplant (AuBMT) is limited. We describe the results of a prospective single-institution study using a new conditioning regimen for patients with relapsed or resistant NHL who underwent AuBMT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients were reinduced with cytotoxic therapy and then evaluated for response. All patients received the conditioning regimen of hyperfractionated total body irradiation (TBI), etoposide (VP-16), and cyclophosphamide (CTX) followed by autologous bone marrow reinfusion. RESULTS: The disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 57% with a median follow-up of 42+ months. The only variable significantly associated with DFS was the patient's remission status at AuBMT. Patients who underwent AuBMT in CR had a DFS of 80%, whereas patients who underwent AuBMT in partial response (PR) or with progressive disease (PD) had a DFS of 60% and 11%, respectively (P = .002). The major toxicity was hemorrhage at the site of bulky disease, especially in patients with residual mediastinal and/or pulmonary disease. CONCLUSION: Planned reinduction cytotoxic therapy followed by TBI, VP-16, and CTX with AuBMT is an effective treatment for patients with relapsed and resistant NHL.
Adult↗
Synthesis and antiarrhythmic activity of 2,2-dialkyl-1'-(N-substituted aminoalkyl)-spiro-(chroman-4,4'-imidazolidine)-2',5'-diones.
A novel series of 2,2-dialkyl-1'-(N-substituted aminoalkyl)-spiro-[chroman-4,4' -imidazolidine]-2',5'-diones was synthesized and evaluated for antiarrhythmic activity in chloroform- or/and aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmia in mice. Among these compounds, (-)-6-chloro-2,2-dimethyl-1'-[3-(4-hydroxypiperidino)propyl] -spiro-[chroman-4,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5' -dione was found to be more effective than reference agents and was selected for further development.
Animals↗
[Effects of the new cardiotonic agent loprinone hydrochloride (E-1020) on left ventricular diameter in normal and experimental heart failure dogs and its action potential characteristics in isolated guinea pig cardiac muscles and sinus nodes].
In anesthetized dogs, loprinone hydrochloride (LP, 10 approximately 100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) dose-relatedly increased cardiac contractility (LV dP/dt max), enhanced cardiac index and decreased systemic vascular resistance with relatively small reduction in mean aortic pressure (MAP) and a mild increase in heart rate (HR). LP also decreased left ventricular internal diameter (ID), increased fractional shortening (LVFS) and caused a leftward shift and an increase in the slope of the LV end-systolic pressure-ID relation. In the heart failure models induced by propranolol, LP rapidly reversed the cardiac depression and the enlargement in cardiac size. The extent of changes in MAP and HR by LP was smaller than those observed with several other cardiotonic agents. In guinea pig cardiac muscles, LP (10(-6)-10(-4) M) produced a concentration-related increase in contractile force and the maximum rate of rise of Ca(2+)-action potential. In the sinus nodes, LP induced a concentration-related decrease in action potential duration and increase in the slope of slow diastolic depolarization, resulting in an increase in beating rate. These influences of LP on sinus nodes were smaller than those of milrinone. These results indicate that LP increases LVFS, reduces cardiac size and improves the heart failure due to its cardiotonic and vasodilating properties. Moreover, electrophysiological studies suggest that at least a part of the lower chronotropic effects of LP may be due to the mildness of its direct stimulating effects on sinus nodes.
Action Potentials↗
Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis associated with hereditary spherocytosis.
A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis. An X-ray of the chest disclosed bilateral round masses in the upper and lower posterior mediastinum. CT showed homogeneous round masses of soft tissue density in the posterior mediastinum. A needle biopsy of the mass showed hyperplastic erythroid bone marrow. Fatty metamorphosis of the masses was observed in CT 2 years after splenectomy but showed no change in size.
Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary↗
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung.
We report a case of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) producing lung cancer. A 38-year-old Japanese woman had a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the left lung with severe granulocytosis without any evidence of infection. A specimen was taken from a metastatic cervical lymph node and a tumor cell line was established. The culture supernatant of the line as well as patient's serum exhibited a high level of G-CSF by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that tumor cells from transplanted nude mice were stained granularly in the cytoplasma by anti-human G-CSF monoclonal antibody, 4A6.
Adult↗
Sideroblastic anemia associated with multiple myeloma in Turner's syndrome.
A 67-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of pancytopenia. Forty-six percent of erythroblasts in the bone marrow were ringed sideroblasts. Laboratory findings showed an IgG-kappa monoclonal gammopathy. She was diagnosed as having sideroblastic anemia associated with multiple myeloma in mosaic (45, X/46, XX/47, XXX) Turner's syndrome. There was no response to therapy. The chromosomal pattern of the patient was varied, and was accompanied by the development of refractory anemia with an excess of blasts from refractory anemia with ringed sideroblast 4 months after presentation. Cytogenetic studies suggested that the abnormal clone was restricted to the monosomic cell line.
Aged↗