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Biomedical subjects

T Inada

Publications and source records attributed to T Inada.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Glucose lowers CRP* levels resulting in repression of the lac operon in cells lacking cAMP.

CRP-cAMP-dependent operons of Escherichia coli can be expressed in cells lacking functional adenylate cyclase when they carry a second-site mutation in the crp gene (crp*). It is known that the expression of these operons is repressed by glucose, but the molecular mechanism underlying this cAMP-independent catabolite repression has been a long-standing mystery. Here we address the question of how glucose inhibits the expression of beta-galactosidase in the absence of cAMP. We have isolated several mutations in the crp gene that confer a CRP* phenotype. The expression of beta-galactosidase is reduced by glucose in cells carrying these mutations. Using Western blotting and/or SDS-PAGE analysis, we demonstrate that glucose lowers the cellular concentration of CRP* through a reduction in crp* mRNA levels. The level of CRP* protein correlates with beta-galactosidase activity. When the crp promoter is replaced with the bla promoter, the inhibitory effect of glucose on crp* expression is virtually abolished. These data strongly suggest that the lowered level of CRP* caused by glucose mediates catabolite repression in cya- crp* cells and that the autoregulatory circuit of the crp gene is involved in the down-regulation of CRP* expression by glucose.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1995

Current topics in tardive dyskinesia in Japan.

This article reviews current topics in tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder associated with the prolonged use of neuroleptic agents, especially therapeutic and preventive strategies which have been or are now being studied in Japan. Tardive dyskinesia has become a major problem in the clinical psychiatric field since the early 1970s in Japan, lagging behind Western countries by more than 10 years. The average prevalence rate of TD has been estimated as 7.7% in Japan, while it has been reported in the English literature at around 15 to 20%. Clinical trials of treatments for TD have been or are now being performed in Japan with a number of novel compounds, such as ceruletide, meclofenoxate, and rolipram; however, no effective treatment has yet been established and measures to prevent TD have therefore been emphasized. These include (i) the development of new antipsychotic drugs which are free from TD, (ii) the identification of risk factors from prospective longitudinal studies, and (iii) the investigation of genetic variations that could act as a marker to identify especially vulnerable patients within the whole population of patients who need neuroleptic therapy.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1995

Orotracheal intubation through the laryngeal mask airway in paediatric patients with Treacher-Collins syndrome.

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is useful as an airway intubator (conduit) for an intubating tracheal bougie or fibreoptic bronchoscope, over which a tracheal tube is passed. However, in our paediatric patients with Treacher-Collins syndrome, only the latter technique was successful. This was attributed to the fact that a posteriorly protruded tongue displaced the LMA, made the glottis move considerably anterior and interfered with the attempts to enter the trachea with a bougie. Downward displacement of the epiglottis, which can sometimes impair the intubation technique through the LMA, was not observed in our patients. Partial obstruction of a tracheal tube within the LMA occurred in one of the patients.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1995

Hemolytic anemia in a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus sanguis.

We describe a case of hemolytic anemia with subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Streptococcus sanguis. The major hematological features of the patient were a normocytic anemia with reticulocytosis, an elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase, and a marked reduction of serum haptoglobin. All these signs of hemolytic anemia fluctuated in parallel with changes in inflammatory activity and were dramatically improved by the administration of benzylpenicillin, suggesting that the infection with S. sanguis itself was the cause of hemolytic anemia in this case.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Transient regression in lymphocyte count in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia after viral infection.

Transient regression in the lymphocyte count of a patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) after viral infection is reported. A similar event occurred under natural interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) treatment. It was confirmed that the event was not caused by a direct cytotoxic effect of IFN-alpha by analyzing the DNA fragmentation to estimate apoptotic and necrotic cell death before and after the administration of IFN-alpha. The study also suggested that the event was not caused by a cytostatic effect of IFN-alpha.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mechanism of the down-regulation of cAMP receptor protein by glucose in Escherichia coli: role of autoregulation of the crp gene.

Glucose causes catabolite repression by lowering the intracellular levels of both cAMP and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in Escherichia coli. The molecular mechanism underlying the down-regulation of CRP by glucose has been investigated. We show that glucose lowers the level of crp mRNA without affecting its stability. Replacement of the crp promoter with the bla promoter almost completely abolishes the glucose-mediated regulation of crp expression. Only a slight reduction in the crp expression by glucose is observed in cya- or crp- strains, suggesting that a CRP-cAMP complex is needed for this regulation. We previously showed that transcription of the crp gene is regulated both negatively and positively. Positive autoregulation of crp is caused by the binding of CRP-cAMP to the CRP binding site II located upstream of the crp promoter. Here we show that disrupting the CRP binding site II essentially eliminates the down-regulation of crp expression by glucose. We conclude that the autoregulatory circuit of the crp gene plays a key role in the down-regulation of CRP by glucose.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Endothelin-1-selective receptor in the arterial intima of patients with hypertension.

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor produced by vascular endothelial cells. A recently cloned endothelin-1-selective receptor, the endothelin-A receptor, mediates the vasoconstrictive action of endothelin-1. Because endothelin-1 also possesses mitogenic properties, it may play a role in regulating the proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells. In this study, we analyzed the expression of endothelin-A receptor gene in the thickened arterial intima of patients with hypertension. Internal mammary artery specimens obtained from 12 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery were subjected to in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe. High, homogeneous signals of endothelin-A receptor mRNA were observed in the medial smooth muscle cells of all vessels examined but not in the endothelial cells. Patients with hypertension displayed more severe intimal thickening than those without hypertension. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that almost all of the intimal proliferative cells originated from smooth muscle cells. In contrast to media, endothelin-A receptor mRNA signals in intimal smooth muscle cells were low and heterogeneous. In the thickened arterial intima of hypertensive patients, the signals were detected just beneath the luminal endothelium but not deep in the intimal smooth muscle cell layer. By contrast, staining with anti-alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody was more intense in the deep layer than in the subendothelium. These findings suggest that the modulation of endothelin-A receptor gene expression in smooth muscle cells differs between the intima and media. Its regulated expression in intimal smooth muscle cells might affect the proliferative activity of these cells in patients with hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Influence of age on cardiac pump function during laparoscopic cholecystectomy--measurements by ear densitography].

Using ear densitography, consisting of photoelectric plethysomography and Holter electrocardiography, we measured systolic time intervals (STI) in 21 patients, ASA class 1 and 2, undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy using CO2 insufflation under general anesthesia (neuroleptanesthesia with isoflurane in air, FIO2 0.5). The patients were divided into two groups: Y-group (10 patients under 59 years of age) and O-group (11 patients over 60 years of age). We investigated the influence of age on cardiac pump function during pneumoperitoneum non-invasively. Y-group showed improvement of cardiac pump function (reduction of PEP/LVET) from 30 minutes after the beginning of insufflation and quick recovery of cardiac function immediately after deflation. O-group showed a tendency of increasing PaCO2 and arterial diastolic pressure, and delayed recovery of cardiac function (elongation of PEP at 60 minutes, and increase of PEP/LVET at 60 and 90 minutes, respectively, after insufflation). Hypertension and tachycardia were apparent immediately after pneumoperitoneum in the O-group. We conclude that special care and monitoring are mandatory for the aged patients with impaired cardiac or respiratory function during laparoscopic surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Influence of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on renal function in elderly patients].

We examined the influence of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia on renal function in elderly patient who underwent gastrectomy. Plasma inorganic fluoride level was significantly higher in sevoflurane group compared with isoflurane group from 3 hours after the beginning of anesthesia to the 3rd operative day. In contrast, parameters such as urinary beta 2 microglobulin, urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and urinary gamma-GTP activities increased in both groups, but the increase was not significant. Serum BUN and creatinine levels were within normal limits. These results suggest that elderly patients without renal dysfunction appear unlikely to have any significant problem after prolonged sevoflurane anesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[A case of tuberculous pyothorax with retroperitoneal gravitation abscess].

A 65-year-old woman being treated under the diagnosis of pneumonia was subjected to further evaluation for right back tenderness. Chest radiography revealed a granular, net-like shadow in the right lower lung field, and right pleural thickening with pleural fluid retention. Ultrasonography demonstrated a cystic mass of uniformly low echo density, corresponding to the site of tenderness. This lesion was located on the right renal dorsal, right iliopsoas muscle ventral side. Based on CT findings of internal water density and marginal enhancement, the lesion was diagnosed as an abscess. With the suspicion of right tuberculous pyothorax with retroperitoneal gravitation abscess, puncture was attempted. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the specimen. Antituberculosis chemotherapy was initiated, with drainage for symptom relief and lesion range definition. The abscess cavity communicated with the right pleural cavity via s stalk. The stalk path was confirmed by CT, and surgical curettage was performed. Tuberculous pyothorax with retroperitoneal gravitation abscess is rare and is not discussed in standard textbooks. In large series of cases it is not mentioned. In this patient we assumed that retroperitoneal gravitation abscess occurred as a result of the advanced state of tuberculous pyothorax.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in a pregnant woman by using all-trans retinoic acid].

A 34-year-old woman was admitted because of pancytopenia with DIC in the 28th week of pregnancy. Bone marrow aspirate demonstrated 81.2% abnormal cells which showed Auer bodies and faggot formation. Chromosomal analysis demonstrated an abnormality, t (15; 17). The patient was diagnosed as having acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and started to receive treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) 70 mg/body/day per os. She had a cesarean section and gave birth to a female infant in the 29th week of pregnancy. An increase of WBC counts was observed on the 9th hospital day, then chemotherapy with anti-cancer agents was performed additionally. Complete remission was achieved on the 27th hospital day. Management of pregnant patients with APL could be improved by using ATRA instead of conventional combinations of cytotoxic agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Adult T cell leukemia with cytomegalovirus associated hemophagocytic syndrome].

A 59-year-old woman, diagnosed as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), was admitted because of fever and disturbance of consciousness. Peripheral blood examination demonstrated leukopenia and anemia, and subsequently thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration showed the increase of mature histiocytes with hemophagocytosis and a diagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) was established. She died due to respiratory failure on the eighth hospital day. Autopsy histological examination revealed systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with CMV pneumonia, and also demonstrated the findings of HPS in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. This case was considered as virus associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) developed by CMV infection. CMV is one of the causative viruses of VAHS and the opportunistic infection. In the patient with ATL in the immunodeficiency state, VAHS accompanied with opportunistic infection might be one of the causes of pancytopenia.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1993

Hyperthermic enhancement of cell killing by five platinum complexes in human malignant melanoma cells grown as monolayer cultures and multicellular spheroids.

The cytotoxic properties of hyperthermia combined with cis-diammine-dichroloplatinum(II) (CDDP), and recently developed platinum complexes, (Glycolato-O-O')diammineplatinum(II) (254-S), cis-1-1-cyclobutane-dicarboxylate-(R)-2-methyl-1-4-butanediammine platinum(II) (NK-121), cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA), and (-)-R-[2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolodine](1,1- cyclobutanedicarboxylato)-platinum(II)monohydrate (DWA-2114R) were studied in vitro in monolayer cultures and multicellular spheroids of HMV-I human malignant melanoma cells. Hyperthermia at 44 degrees C for 30 min was applied during the latter part of 1 hr drug exposure. Cell survival was compared after drug treatments in cells exposed or not exposed to heat. Cytotoxicity was assessed by clonogenic assays. In exponentially growing monolayer cultures, marked hyperthermic sensitization was observed by each of the five platinum complexes studied. The dose modifying factors obtained were almost the same in these drugs. Unlike monolayer cells, the spheroids were appreciably different with regard to hyperthermic sensitization among platinum complexes. The order of the magnitude was as follows: CDDP, DWA-2114R, 254-S, CBDCA, and NK-121. In the low dose region, however, 254-S was the most thermally sensitized. These results suggest that the microenvironment factor within spheroids may significantly affect the cytotoxicity of platinum complexes combined with hyperthermia. On the basis of these findings using spheroids, CDDP, DWA2114R, and 254-S appear to be promising platinum complexes for use with hyperthermia clinically as far as hyperthermic sensitization is concerned.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of neutron beam generated by 500 MeV proton beam.

A neutron irradiation facility was constructed at PARMS, University of Tsukuba to produce an ultrahigh energy neutron beam with a depth dose distribution superior to an x-ray beam generated by a modern linac. This neutron beam was produced from the reaction on a thick uranium target struck by a 500 MeV proton beam from the booster synchrotron of the High Energy Physics Laboratory. The percentage depth dose of this neutron beam was nearly equivalent to that of x-rays around 20 MV and the dose rate was 15 cGy per minute. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of this neutron beam has been estimated using the cell inactivation effect and the HMV-I cell line. The survival curve of cells after neutron irradiation has a shoulder with n and Dq of 8 and 2.3 Gy, respectively. The RBE value at the 10(-2) survival level for the present neutron beam as compared with 137Cs gamma rays was 1.24. The results suggest that the biological effects of ultrahigh energy neutrons are not large enough to be useful, although the depth dose distribution of neutrons can be superior to that of high energy linac x-rays.

Cell Survival↗