Biomedical subjects

T Inokuchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Inokuchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

[A case of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae accompanying high adenosine deaminase activity in pleural effusion].

We experienced a 5-year-old male case of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia accompanying Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity in pleural effusion. Chest roentgenograms revealed the infiltration in the left upper lung field and the left pleural effusion. In serum, the M. pneumoniae CF titer increased to 1:512. The pleural effusion was yellowish in color, with a specific gravity of 1.030, protein 3.7 g/dl, glucose 101 g/dl, and ADA 50 IU/l. Pleural effusion accompanying M. pneumoniae pneumonia is rare, and the high ADA activity in this case has been reported only in one other case. This is a report of a high activity of ADA in the pleural fluid by M. pneumoniae pneumonia.

Adenosine Deaminase↗

PubMed1992

Resistance to ketosis in moderately obese patients: influence of fatty liver.

To elucidate whether the presence of fatty liver influences ketogenesis in obesity, the metabolic and hormonal changes in basal and low-dose epinephrine (EPI)-stimulated states were studied in 12 obese patients (OB) with normal glucose tolerance, consisting of 6 without fatty liver (OBN) and 6 with fatty liver (OBF). In the basal state, the total ketone body (TKB) concentration and the TKB to free fatty acid (FFA) ratio were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in the OBF than in the OBN group, despite elevated, but comparable, FFA levels in both groups. The basal FFA level and the TKB/FFA ratio correlated with the degree of fatty liver (p < 0.05-0.01). EPI infusion resulted in accelerated lipolysis and diminished FFA-induced ketogenesis, similar to the findings of the basal data. These results suggest that fatty liver per se is related to diminished FFA-induced ketogenesis, leading to resistance to ketosis in obesity.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗

PubMed1992

Large amounts of 1 beta-hydroxylated bile acids in urine during taurine therapy.

The management of infants with cholestasis remains a difficult challenge. On the hypothesis that taurine is effective in treating neonatal cholestasis, taurine (1 g/day, per os) was administered to 2 patients with neonatal hepatitis and the bile acids were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The serum levels of bilirubin and bile acids were significantly decreased by taurine. Before the treatment, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were predominant (79.2% in both patients) in the urine. There was a significant elevation of 1 beta-hydroxylated bile acids (1 beta BA), especially 1 beta, 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid (CA-1 beta-ol), in urine collected during the taurine therapy, and 1 beta BA became predominant (57.7-78.3%). Therefore, increased amounts of urine 1 beta BA were excreted during taurine administration. Taurine therapy is recommended, because it might be effective for treating neonatal cholestasis.

Bile Acids and Salts↗

PubMed1992

Identification of free and esterified hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) and linoleate-hydroxylating pathway in the epidermis of hairless mice.

Epidermal homogenates of hairless mice contained a large amount of lipid material showing a single peak on reverse phase (RP)-high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a maximum absorbance of 234 nm, which was different in retention time from arachidonate metabolites such as 12-HETE, 15-HETE and 5-HETE. The production of this material was dependent on exogenous linoleate concentration, protein concentration and buffer pH. This material was identified to be a mixture of 13-HODE and 9-HODE on the basis of UV absorbance spectra, retention times on RP-HPLC, straight phase (SP)-HPLC, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and mass spectra obtained. As assessed by SP-HPLC after saponification, these two HODEs were found to exist primarily in esterified forms in the skin. Neither substance was produced following heat denaturation of the homogenate. These results indicate that 13- and 9-HODEs are produced from linoleate enzymatically at physiologically relevant levels in the epidermis of hairless mice. Thus, it is possible that these two materials may play some important role in pathophysiology of the skin.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry for evaluating age-related changes in the rat mandibular condyle decalcified by intravenous infusion.

Age-related changes in cell proliferation kinetics of the mandibular condyle were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) immunohistochemistry in decalcified, paraffin-embedded tissues. Intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg BrdUrd was given 1 hr before animal sacrifice. Continuous perfusion of EDTA solution via the left ventricle shortened the decalcification time. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody. BrdUrd labeled cells, i.e., the S-phase cells, were clearly visible with well-preserved cytological detail. Their nuclei exhibited homogeneously stained granules. The labeling index in the intermediate zone of the condyle decreased with increasing age of the animals. This method is useful for evaluating physiological and pathological changes of the rat mandibular condyle as well as other bones and joints.

Aging↗

PubMed1992

Lymphatic sinus-like structures in choroid.

Lymphatic sinus-like structures were demonstrated in the choroid of the monkey eye by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. These lymphatic sinus-like structures were lined by fibroblast-like cells with large intercellular gaps. When the specimens were viewed by scanning electron microscopy, the surface morphology of the fibroblast-like cells was similar to that of the endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. Some fibroblast-like cells possessed intracellular fenestrations which varied in size, number and distribution. It is suggested that the lymphatic sinus-like structures here observed might play a role in the drainage of fluid from the choroid.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Prevention of 4-pentenoic acid-induced liver injury in rats by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2.

16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 (dmPGE2) is known to protect against cellular damage in various tissues. Histological and biochemical approaches were used to examine the effect of this prostaglandin on hepatocellular damage in an experimental Reye's syndrome model produced in rats by 4-pentenoic acid. Chronic intraperitoneal administration of 4-pentenoic acid induced an accumulation of fatty droplets throughout the hepatic lobules along with mitochondrial abnormalities including swelling, disappearance of christae, and heterogeneity of matrix. These abnormalities were more intense in the marginal zone and successively decreased nearer to the central vein. Such hepatic abnormalities were markedly reduced by the combined administration of dmPGE2 with 4-pentenoic acid. Biochemical examination confirmed that dmPGE2 was able to inhibit the accumulation of hepatic triglyceride seen after the treatment with 4-pentenoic acid alone. These results indicated that dmPGE2 can prevent characteristic hepatocellular damage in this experimental Reye's syndrome model, suggesting that the involvement of prostaglandins should be taken into account in discussing the etiology and management of this syndrome.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗

PubMed1991

Acid proteinases of the fore-gut in metamorphosing tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana.

1. Two types of acid proteinases were found in the adult stomach of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. 2. The first type of enzyme appeared in the developing stomach and esophagus and contained more than two kinds of acid proteinases. 3. These enzymes were identified as pepsin-type enzymes. 4. The second type of enzyme existed from the larva to adult stage and was also present in the adult duodenum. 5. This enzyme was different from pepsin and thought to be cathepsin E.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Generation of leukotrienes and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in peritoneal macrophages of tumor-bearing mice.

To examine the potential role of lipoxygenase products in the pathophysiology observed after experimental tumor implantation, we examined the generation of leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) in peritoneal macrophages. C57BL/6 mice were given subcutaneous inoculations of B16 melanoma cells, and peritoneal macrophages were isolated various days after the inoculation. Macrophages were incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in serum-free RPM11640 containing 10 microM calcium ionophore A23187, 10 microM exogenous arachidonic acid (AA), 5 mM cysteine hydrochloride and 1 mM reduced glutathione. LTs and HETEs were separately extracted, passed through Sep-Pak cartridges, then identified and quantitated with a HPLC system using UV absorbance. The B16 melanoma-cell-treated/untreated macrophages were found to produce substantial amounts of 15-HETE, 12-HETE and 5-HETE and LTC4 by enzymatic mechanisms. Thus, when determined under various conditions, the production of HETEs was dependent on substrate-concentration, incubation-time and cell-number. The production of LTC4 was dependent on incubation-time and cell number but not substrate-concentration, indicating utilization of endogenous AA stores. Of these products, 12-HETE and LTC4 showed a significant increase on the fourth day after the tumor cell inoculation and returned to the control level by the 11th day after the same treatment. These results suggest that in vivo tumor cell implantation may induce a transient increase of 12-HETE and LTC4 production in macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Studies on heat treatment for immediate reimplantation of resected bone.

Extracorporeal heat treatment for devitalizing the tumour-infiltrated bone segment without destroying its regenerative potential was investigated for the purpose of immediate reimplantation of the resected bone. Effects of heat treatment on cell viability and bone inductive properties were studied in cultured tumour cells and animal models. Heat treatment at 65 degrees C for 30 to 120 minutes resulted in complete devitalization of cells, preserving osteogenetic properties of the allogenic bone implant in the rabbit. The results of the experiments indicate that this procedure has advantages in devitalizing the resected bone for its immediate reimplantation and justify clinical application. The clinical application of this heat treatment in 3 cases is presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Application of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography to preoperative evaluation of masseteric hypertrophy.

A case of unilateral masseteric hypertrophy in a 30-year-old man is described. Preoperative evaluation was performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (USG). MRI could delineate not only the border between medial and lateral layers of the masseter but also delineate the hypertrophic portion. MRI also provided more information in respect of the masseter muscle as well as the other masticatory muscles and the surrounding tissues than CT. USG was useful because of its real-time processing, especially in this case where facial asymmetry was emphasized during mastication. We resected the medial lower-half of the masseter intraorally based on these imagings and obtained a successful result.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Prognostic implication of silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) were counted in sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Thirty-nine cases, that comprised poor prognostic group (n = 19) and good prognostic group (n = 20), were examined with respect to the relation between AgNOR counts and histologic grading, and correlation between AgNOR counts and prognosis. The pooled mean AgNOR counts were: Grade 1 carcinomas, 6.39 +/- 1.67 (mean +/- SD; n = 35); Grade 2, 9.74 +/- 1.72 (n = 3). Mean AgNOR count of Grade 3 was 6.19 +/- 2.37 (n = 1). The pooled mean AgNOR count in poor prognostic group was higher than that in good prognostic group. Five-year survival rate of the cases with high AgNOR counts (greater than or equal to 6.5) was significantly lower than that with low AgNOR counts (less than 6.5). High AgNOR counts are highly suggestive of poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1991

Neonatal Dubin-Johnson syndrome with severe cholestasis: effective phenobarbital therapy.

We described Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) with severe cholestasis in a 20-day-old Japanese boy. Although neonatal DJS has been sporadically reported. DJS with severe cholestasis has not to our knowledge been described in the English literature. The ratio of urinary coproporphyrin isomer I to urinary total coproporphyrin in our patient was high (93%). Liver histology showed cytoplasmic pigment granules in the liver cells. Administration of phenobarbital (PB) significantly decreased the levels of bilirubin and bile acids in the serum. There was a significant elevation of 1 beta-hydroxylated bile acids in the urine. It is predicted that severe cholestasis in neonatal DJS may cause metabolic abnormalities in both bilirubin and bile acids transport.

Bile Acids and Salts↗

PubMed1991

An electron microscopic study of acetylcholinesterase-activity and vasoactive intestinal peptide- and neuro-peptide Y-immunoreactivity of the intraepithelial nerve fibers in the nasal gland of the guinea pig.

In combination with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and immunohistochemistry for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) were carried out on the intraepithelial nerve fibers of the guinea-pig nasal gland. AChE-positive nerve profiles and VIP-immunoreactive nerve profiles were detected in abundance within the epithelium of the glandular acini and within the epithelium of intralobular excretory ducts including the intercalated and striated ducts. Intraepithelial NPY-immunoreactive nerve profiles were also considerably large in number in the nasal gland, but less frequent than the other two types of nerve profiles; furthermore, the NPY-immunoreactive nerve profiles appeared absent within the epithelium of the striated duct. All the intraepithelial nerve varicosities were in close spatial contact with the epithelial cells of the acinus and the duct and also with the myoepithelial cells, which were commonly seen in the acinus and the intercalated duct. Throughout the present study, however, no membranous specializations could be found between the nerve varicosities and the epithelial cells or the myoepithelial cells. The present results suggest an intense and delicate regulation through the collaboration among ACh, VIP and NPY of the secretory activity of the guinea-pig nasal gland, including the emission of acinar secretions into the duct through contraction of the myoepithelium and modification of the secretion contents by the duct epithelium.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed1991

Application of bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry to the rat temporomandibular joint.

To detect S-phase cells in the decalcified paraffin-embedded temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues of the rat, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) immunohistochemistry was performed. Percardiac perfusion of 10% EDTA-2Na Tris buffer accelerated the decalcification. The use of the monoclonal antibody to BrdUrd enabled the visualization of the distribution of S-phase cells. This method is practical in studying cell kinetics and the specific proliferation mode of the TMJ.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Arachidonate metabolism in bovine gallbladder mucosa.

Incubation of [1-14C] arachidonicacid (AA) with homogenates of bovine gallbladder mucosa in the presence or absence of reduced glutathione (GSH) generated large amounts of products that cochromatographed with PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and small amounts of products comigrating with PGF2 alpha, TxB2 and PGD2. In the presence of GSH PGE2-like material was predominantly produced while in the absence of GSH 6-keto-PGF1 alpha-like material was a major product. Identification of PGE2 was performed by its chemical conversion with NaBH4 or KOH treatments and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Identification of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gallbladder muscle produced predominantly 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the presence or absence of GSH. The total amount of cyclooxygenase products was approximately 2 times higher in the mucosa than in the muscle. These results indicate that bovine gallbladder mucosa contains higher levels of fatty acid cyclooxygenase, and PGE2 isomerase and PGI2 synthetase in a proportion different from that in the muscle.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Ultrastructure of the perineurial cell of the sciatic nerve in rats--a transmission and scanning electron microscopic study.

The perineurial cells of the sciatic nerve of mature albino rats were investigated by using light microscope (LM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The perineurium of the sciatic nerve was composed of several lamellae of thin perineurial cells which were held together by the zonula occludens and also by the zonula adherens. The TEM view of the perineurium revealed that the plasmalemma of the perineurial cells presented numerous caveolae similar to those described in the endothelial cells of blood capillaries. By SEM, the perineurial cells were very thin, flattened out with various shapes from rectangular to hexagonal, and arranged closely to each other in the fashion of a stone pavement around the nerve fascicles. It was possible to isolate the perineurium from the nerve and to demonstrate the cellular border of the perineurial cells by silver impregnation method. The SEM observation of the perineurial cells ascertained the figure of the cells which were seen in the silver-impregnated specimen under LM. The present authors have interest in the fact that shape and arrangement of the perineurial cells of spinal nerves resemble closely those of the myoid cells in the limiting lamina of the seminiferous tubules of the mammalian testes. The meaning and significance of the similarity between these two types of cells was discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effects of diethyl maleate (DEM), a glutathione depletor, on prostaglandin synthesis in the isolated perfused spleen of rabbits.

To investigate the role of glutathione (GSH) on prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, isolated rabbit spleens were perfused with Tyrode's solution with or without the addition of diethyl maleate (DEM) in concentrations up to 1 mM. In the absence of DEM, PG synthesis was stimulated by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (20 nmole) or arachidonate (0.4 mumole). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 was a major product, accounting for 60-70% of the total cyclooxygenase products. Small amounts of PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGD2 and thromboxane (Tx) B2 were also produced. When DEM was added to the perfusion medium, GSH content decreased dose-dependently with increasing DEM concentration. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was not detected in the venous effluent, indicating that DEM depleted intrasplenic GSH without causing any lysis of cellular membranes. A23187-induced production of PGs and of Tx was decreased with increasing concentrations of DEM up to 0.5 mM, whereas at 1.0 mM DEM, these products showed a tendency to increase as compared with levels at 0.5 mM DEM. However, this increase was only significant for TxB2, which returned to levels obtained in the absence of DEM. DEM 1 mM did not cause cell lysis, but it appears to perturb the cell membrane to a degree similar to that which occurs with stimulation of phospholipase A2. The small but significant increase of TxB2 with 1.0 mM DEM could be a result of decreased PGE2 isomerase activity. Perfusion with arachidonate gave virtually identical results: 1.0 mM DEM attenuated the production of all prostanoids except for TxB2 as compared with untreated controls. These results suggest that GSH contributes to the regulation and/or maintenance of PGs synthesis.

Animals↗