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Biomedical subjects

T Inokuchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Inokuchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Brown adipose tissue lipectomy leads to increased fat deposition in Osborne-Mendel rats.

Inter- and subscapular brown adipose tissue depots were removed from nine female Osborne-Mendel rats. These lipectomized animals and nine sham-operated controls recovered from surgery for 7 days at 25 degrees C and were then placed on a highly palatable liquid diet. All animals were maintained for a 2nd wk at 25 degrees C before being switched to 8 degrees C. After 9 wk in the cold, animals were killed, and the brown adipose tissue was dissected from scapular, cervical, thoracic, perirenal, and axillary regions. Total brown fat pad mass, protein content, brown adipocyte number, citrate synthase activity, and beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase activity in each of the dissected brown fat depots were significantly less than those of the sham-operated controls. Thus there was incomplete metabolic compensation in the remaining brown fat depots after the removal of the scapular brown fat in the lipectomized rats. The mass and lipid content of the retroperitoneal white adipose depot were significantly increased in the lipectomized rats as was their carcass fat content (up 14%). Food intake of the lipectomized rats was slightly but significantly decreased. These data indicate that a reduction in the amount of functional brown fat is accompanied by increased body fat accretion and are thus consistent with the hypothesis that decreased brown adipose thermogenesis can lead to altered energy balance and increased white fat deposition.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of 4-(o-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine hydrochloride (bifemelane hydrochloride, MCI-2016) on cerebral glucose metabolism].

To predict the influence of MCI-2016 on cerebral energy metabolism, the activity of MCI-2016 on uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose ([14C]-DG) into the brain under normal or hypoxic conditions, formation of 14CO2 from 14C-glucose in the brain, and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were examined. Cerebral uptake of [14C]-DG in mice were significantly enhanced by 6 day repeated administration of MCI-2016 (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and Ca-hopantenate (100 mg/kg, i.p.). The two drugs showed a slight enhancing effect on [14C]-DG uptake after single administration. As an index of cerebral glucose metabolism, 14CO2 formation from 14C-glucose was also stimulated by 6 day repeated administration of MCI-2016 (100 mg/kg, p.o., mice and rats) and Ca-hopantenate (250 mg/kg, i.p., rats). MCI-2016 moderately attenuated the decreased [14C]-DG uptake under the hypoxic condition in rats after 6 day repeated administration (100 mg/kg, p.o.). In addition, local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) in rats was also significantly potentiated by MCI-2016 (100 mg/kg, p.o., 6 days) in the areas of the visual cortex, thalamus ventral nucleus and uvula. From these results, MCI-2016 may be suggested to have a moderate activating effect on cerebral energy metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Phagocytosis of spermatozoa and latex beads by epithelial cells of the ampulla vasis deferentis of the rabbit: a combined SEM and TEM study.

The fine structure in the ampullary region of the vas deferens of the rabbit was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, with emphasis on the occurrence of epithelial spermiophagy. The epithelial cells were cuboidal or low columnar and contained moderately developed organelles. These cells, like luminal macrophages, were found to be not only involved in spermiophagy but also capable of actively taking up latex beads administrated intraluminally. Taking into consideration the previous findings in some other species, the epithelial spermiophagy seems to be a common event in the vas deferens of mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Three-dimensional profile of three types of spermatogonia and their topographies in adolescent or adult rats.

Stereomorphic profiles of three types of spermatogonia and their topographical distribution in the basal portion of the seminiferous epithelium of adolescent or adult rats were studied mainly with the scanning electron microscope. According to their cytological features, three types of spermatogonia (large-sized and long fusiform or polygonal; medium-sized and elliptical; small-sized and round) were discerned in both groups of rats. The basal areas of the three spermatogonia were relatively smaller in the adolescent rats than in the adult rats. The type of spermatogonia in the adolescent rats varied somewhat depending upon the diameter of the seminiferous tubules, but such a discrimination could not be made in the adult rats. In the adolescent rats, small cells were less frequently observed than large and medium cells. This ratio of appearance was less marked in the adult rats. Clones from the same spermatogonial cells showed similar topography in both groups of rats as follows. The clones of a few medium cells were arranged singularly(As) or in pairs (Apr), but the clones of most medium cells appeared to form single cords (Aal) through intercellular bridges, while those of the small cells formed an open polygonal network as a large syncytium.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

The effect of brown fat removal on the development of obesity in Zucker and Osborne-Mendel rats.

Removal of significant amounts of brown fat in young Zucker rats maintained at room temperature triggered compensatory changes in the remaining brown fat depots. These changes, which occurred to a greater extent in the lean than in the obese rats, enhanced the thermogenic potential of the remaining depots, thus possibly accounting for the lack of increased adiposity in these lipectomized rats. When the Zucker rats were maintained in the cold, rather than at room temperature, their ability to compensate for removal of the scapular brown fat was compromised, particularly in the obese animals. Under such conditions, the amount of functional brown fat was significantly reduced, and the amount of body fat elevated. In the lipectomized Zucker rats, this increase in adiposity was accompanied by increased body mass. In contrast, in the cold-exposed Osborne-Mendel rats, where lipectomy was not accompanied by compensatory increases in the mass and cellularity of the remaining brown fat depots, increased body fat occurred in the absence of any increase in food intake or in total body mass.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1985

Alterations in tight junctions of human endometrial epithelial cells during normal menstrual cycle--freeze-fracture electron microscopic study.

The structural change in the tight junction between human endometrial epithelial cells during the normal menstrual cycle was observed by means of freeze-fracture replica electron microscopy. Tight junctions between epithelial cells of the endometrial basal layer showed no alterations in structure during the menstrual cycle, while those between epithelial cells of the functional layer exhibited remarkable changes synchronized with the menstrual cycle; in the early proliferative phase, the tight junctions were composed of strands running mainly parallel to the luminal surface and the depth of the junctions from the luminal surface was 0.57 +/- 0.04 micron (Mean +/- S.E.), whereas in the late proliferative phase the junction formed a prominent network of strands 0.80 +/- 0.04 micron deep. In the early secretory phase, the junctions developed mostly as a complex network, and the depth was 0.96 +/- 0.04 micron. In the late secretory phase, the network consisting of the junctions looked disorderly and the depth of the junctions was reduced to 0.71 +/- 0.04 micron. As a conclusion, it was suggested that the tight junction in the human endometrial epithelium tended to develop or diminish according to the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Endometrium↗
PubMed1975

A case of type 1 muscle fibre hypotrophy and internal nuclei.

A 14 year old boy was diagnosed as suffering from type 1 muscle fibre hypotrophy with internal nuclei. On histological examination of a biopsied muscle, there was selective hypotrophy of type 1 muscle fibre with internal nuclei, and focal degenerative changes were seen in a few type 1 fibres. The small type 1 fibres were arranged in small or large groups in one bundle. An EMG study of moderately weak muscles revealed low amplitude and short duration motor unit potentials as well as normal potentials and no spontaneous discharges. The H reflexes were abnormally low in amplitude comapred with the M response. The histological and electrophysiological findings suggested that the type 1 fibre involvement in the present case may have a neurogenic basis. It is likely that the clinical features of the reported cases are too variable for a single clinical entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Ultrastructural changes of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in the magnesium deficient rats.

A magnesium deficient diet caused transient but marked degenerative changes in the rat hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system which strongly resembled in many ultrastructural respects those induced by a prolonged administration of aldosterone as previously reported by us. The possible mechanism for this selective alteration in the neurosecretory neurons has been briefly discussed with regard to aldosterone secretion.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1973

Oculopharyngeal involvement in familial neurogenic muscular atrophy.

A Japanese family with progressive spinal muscular atrophy is presented. Seven members in two generations were affected and the mode of inheritance was probably an autosomal recessive trait. A characteristic feature of this family was the presence of oculopharyngeal involvement in some of the affected members, in addition to the variable distribution of muscular atrophy among each of the affected members, such as mainly proximal or distal atrophies in the limbs. In one case the oculopharyngeal weakness appeared without limb involvement. The changes in the extremities were thought to be of neurogenic origin, and so was the progressive external ophthalmoplegia seen characteristically in these cases, although the latter was similar to ocular myopathy.

Action Potentials↗