Biomedical subjects

T Isarida

Publications and source records attributed to T Isarida.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

[Effects of contextual changes between class and intermission on episodic memory].

Three naturalistic experiments were conducted to investigate the context-dependent memory induced by contextual changes between class and intermission. In all the experiments, junior college students served as subjects. The experimenter in a class session was their teacher, and the experimenters in an intermission session were other students with whom the subjects were acquainted. In Experiment 1, one group of subjects was tested in the same class as encoding, and another group was tested in the intermission at a different place, 60 seconds after their encoding of to-be-remembered items in class. In Experiment 2, the place factor (types of the room) and the non-place factor (class vs. intermission) were orthogonally manipulated. The retention interval was one week. In Experiments 1 and 2, the results revealed clear context-dependent memory. Furthermore, the context-dependent memory was produced by the changes in the non-place component of the context but not by those in the place component. Experiment 3 confirmed that the results were due to the context-dependent memory rather than to any other factors of experimental design.

Female↗

PubMed1994

[Effects of repetitions in overt rehearsal on free recall].

Two experiments were designed to separate the effects of oral repetitions from those of covert mental activity in over rehearsal on free recall. In both experiments, subjects were visually presented several lists of eight noun pairs one by one, with asterisks under the left or right noun of each pair. Subjects studied the lists by observing both nouns of each pair as well as by rehearsing aloud one noun with/without the asterisks. Each of the list presentation was followed by oral free recall test of both rehearsed and not-rehearsed nouns. It was expected that the difference of recall between rehearsed and not-rehearsed nouns would indicate the effects of the repetitions but not of the total rehearsal activity including the covert mental activity. In Experiment 1, the time lag between the study and the test was zero or 30 seconds. In Experiment 2, the time available for rehearsing each noun was four or eight seconds. The results suggest that the repetitions have only STM-maintenance function whereas the covert mental activity has only LTM-construction function.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Influences of environmental-context changes on rehearsal effects in episodic memory].

Does rehearsal facilitate association between to-be-remembered items and environmental context (EC) as well as it strengthen the individual traces of items? The answer from the present experiment was affirmative. Subjects, 183 undergraduates, studied a list of 15 familiar nouns by rehearsing aloud with a subsidiary task, and then received a free recall test under one of three conditions: immediate recall (IM), same context (SC), and different context (DC). Subjects in IM were tested immediately after the study session, while the other subjects were tested 24 hours after the study session. The tests in IM and SC were conducted at the same place with the same experimenter after the same subsidiary task as the study session, whereas the test in DC were conducted at a different place with a different experimenter without the task. The magnitudes in DC of the effect of the number of rehearsals on free recall were about one-half of those in IM and SC, whereas the magnitudes in IM were nearly identical to those in SC. The results indicate that the rehearsal effect is one of EC-dependent phenomena.

Adult↗