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Biomedical subjects

T Ise

Publications and source records attributed to T Ise.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Sodium balance and blood pressure response to salt ingestion in uninephrectomized rats.

The possible role of extracellular volume (ECV) expansion in prandial/postprandial natriuresis was evaluated in control, sham-operated (SO), and uninephrectomized (UNX) male Wistar rats fed a 0.64 (normal salt, NS) or 8 (high salt, HS) g% NaCl diet for seven days after UNX. We thus determined daily NaCl, diet, and water intake and Evans blue and inulin spaces on day 7. Finally, we determined Na and water clearance after a single i.g. Na load (581 micromol/100 g body weight) under chloralose/ketamine anesthesia in UNX and control HS rats. NaCl, diet, and water intakes were comparable beyond day 5. Plasma volume and ECV were similar in all groups. With NS diet, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in UNX was compensated but lower than that of SO rats (0.55 vs. 0.74 ml/min per 100 g body weight). Blood pressure (BP) was 111 mm Hg in SO controls and 112 mm Hg in the UNX group. After oral Na loading, BP rose in both groups and remained higher in UNX (134 vs. 126 mm Hg at 15 minutes, 130 vs. 118 mm Hg at 225 minutes). Cumulative Na and water excretions were similar (513 and 610 micromol/100 g body weight, 1.97 and 2.35 ml/100 g body weight in SO and UNX, respectively). Chronically salt-loaded UNX rats seem to maintain dietary Na balance by mechanism(s) other than volume expansion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Apheresis therapy for prolonged red cell aplasia after major ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation.

Two cases of leukemia were treated successfully with apheresis for delayed recovery of erythropoiesis due to antibody-mediated red cell aplasia after ABO-mismatched bone marrow transplantation (BMT). A 25-year-old female (ABO group O) underwent BMT from her brother (group A). Immunoadsorption using Biosynsorb A performed on day 146 after BMT followed by double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) reduced anti-A antibody titers from 1:32 to 1:2. Anemia improved dramatically within 2 weeks. A 49-year-old female (group O) underwent BMT from her mother (group A). She was treated with DFPP on day 131 after BMT. Anti-A antibody titers dropped from 1:16 to 1:1 and anemia improved gradually.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of cyclosporin A on the diurnal variation of blood pressure in patients with nephrotic syndrome].

We investigated the hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal effects of cyclosporin A (CyA) treatment (6 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks in 12 patients with nephrotic syndrome (8 women: 4 men, aged 36-66 years, 3 cases of focal glomerular sclerosis: 9 cases of membranous nephropathy). To evaluate the effects of CyA on the diurnal variation of blood pressure (BP), 24-h non-invasive BP monitoring was performed using model ABPM-630 (Nihon Colin, Tokyo, Japan) before and during CyA treatment. As indices of hemodynamics, intra-arterial pressure was monitored and cardiac output was measured by the dye-dilution technique using a cuvette at 0 and 4 weeks after treatment. CyA ameliorated urinary protein excretion and hypoproteinemia from 3.5 +/- 0.9 to 2.2 +/- 0.7 g/day, and serum protein concentration from 4.9 +/- 0.2 to 5.5 +/- 0.2 g/dl after 4 weeks' treatment. Endogenous creatinine clearance, 24-h urinary sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity decreased significantly at 1 week. CyA treatment raised casual BP from 122 +/- 4/75 +/- 2 to 140 +/- 5/87 +/- 3 mmHg after 1 week and to 146 +/- 4/90 +/- 2 mmHg after 4 weeks. Before treatment 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring showed BP reduction at night (116 +/- 5/68 +/- 3 mmHg) compared to the daytime (124 +/- 5/75 +/- 2 mmHg). The diurnal variation of BP disappeared during CyA treatment; mean daytime and nighttime pressures were 135 +/- 4/81 +/- 2, 132 +/- 5/80 +/- 3 mmHg at 1 week and 139 +/- 5/83 +/- 3, 131 +/- 6/80 +/- 3 mmHg at 4 weeks, respectively. On hemodynamic study; a 4-week treatment with CyA increased mean arterial pressure from 91 +/- 3 to 104 +/- 3 mmHg, total peripheral resistance index from 2.1 +/- 0.1 to 2.5 +/- 0.1 x 10(3) dyne.sec.cm-5.m2, and unchanged heart rate and cardiac index. Serum Mg concentration decreased from 2.1 +/- 0.1 to 1.7 +/- 0.1 mg/dl. These results suggest that CyA-induced hypertension is characterized by the loss of nocturnal decline in blood pressure, which is accompanied by volume retention after 1 week and systemic vasoconstriction after 4 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Chloralose/ketamine anaesthesia preserves a form of postprandial sodium chloride balance in Wistar rats.

Studies on the mechanisms underlying Na balance in anaesthetized rats are complicated by the fact that the most frequently used barbiturate anaesthetics attenuate or abolish this phenomenon. In the present study we show that a combination of nonbarbiturate anaesthetics: chloralose (140 mg/kg i.v.) and ketamine (30 mg/kg i.m. ), preserve the ability of rats to excrete intragastrically applied NaCl loads dose dependently. Thus rats anaesthetized with this regime excreted 86-102% of in- tragastrically applied NaCl whereas rats anaesthetized with thiobutabarbitone sodium (Inactin) excreted only 20-28%. We conclude that chloralose/ketamine anaesthesia is suitable for studies on Na balance mechanisms.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed1996

Outbreaks of cholera in Kathmandu Valley in Nepal.

An analysis of the seasonal outbreak of diarrhoea in children in Kathmandu, Nepal, is reported. Vibrio cholera, 01 biotype El Tor Ogawa was the major cause of this epidemic. The pattern of spread suggested a waterborne infection related to contaminated river water and this was confirmed by a field survey. Although the mortality rate was low, younger children were more susceptible. Enteropathogenic E. coli seems to be a major cause for diarrhoea after cholera amongst children in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A case of Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma transformed from mycosis fungoides.

A case of cutaneous Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma which developed in the plaque stage of mycosis fungoides was described. A 73-year-old woman who had suffered from pruritic scaly eruptions over her entire body for more than two decades was admitted because of an ulcerated tumor measuring 45 x 55 x 15 mm and several satellite tumors on the buttock. All tumorous lesions were resected without recurrence to date. Histochemical study revealed that the tumor consisted of large anaplastic cells which were Ki-1 (CD30)-positive and LCA-negative. Some of the erythematous plaques contained LCA-positive, small-sized atypical lymphocytes. In other plaques which developed two years later, there were large Ki-1-positive atypical cells. In the specimens obtained from the tumor and the plaque, the same pattern of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements was detected. These findings indicate that both Ki-1 positive anaplastic cells in the tumor and atypical lymphoid cells in the plaques were derived from the same T cell clone.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effects of hyperinsulinaemia on renal function and the pressor system in insulin-resistant obese adolescents.

1. In the present study, using the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique, we investigated the effects of hyperinsulinaemia on sodium-water metabolism and the pressor system in obesity, both of which have been reported to be closely associated with insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinaemia. 2. Sixteen obese young subjects and 24 non-obese young subjects who were all normotensives, participated in this study. The 2 h euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp was performed in a fasting state. The mean glucose infusion rate needed to maintain a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) during the last 30 min of the clamp was used as an indicator of insulin sensitivity (M-value). Before and after the clamp, the following parameters were measured: creatinine clearance (Ccr); urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV); fractional excretion of sodium (FENa); plasma renin activity (PRA); plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma noradrenaline concentration (PNA). 3. The M-value was significantly lower in obese subjects compared with non-obese subjects, although FBS and fasting immunoreactive insulin levels were similar in both groups. UNaV and FENa fell only in obese subjects during the clamp, while Ccr showed no significant change in either group. PNA and PRA increased significantly and PAC tended to increase in both groups. 4. These results suggest that obese subjects have insulin resistance with respect to glucose metabolism, but that urinary sodium excretion and the pressor system remain insulin-sensitive; the sensitivity of the sodium retaining action to hyperinsulinaemia was actually higher in obese subjects than in non-obese subjects. Therefore, if compensatory endogenous hyperinsulinaemia was raised by insulin resistance, these two factors may lead to chronic sodium retention and pressor system stimulation and, in turn, to hypertension in obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Role of endogenous endothelin and nitric oxide in tubuloglomerular feedback.

To elucidate the roles of endogenous endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) in tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), the effects of FR139317, a specific ET-A receptor antagonist, and NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a NO synthase inhibitor on TGF were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. FR139317 (1.5 mg/kg/hr i.v.) reversed the systemic pressor and renal vasoconstrictor responses induced by ET-1 (2 nmol/kg/hr i.v.), but did not alter the early proximal flow rate (EPFR) reduction in response to a loop perfusion with an artificial tubular fluid at 40 nl/min (47 +/- 3 vs. 47 +/- 3% in controls). L-NNA (0.2 mg/kg + 2 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) had no effect on systemic blood pressure (BP), renal hemodynamics or EPFR measured at zero perfusion (31 +/- 2 vs. 31 +/- 2 nl/min in controls), but enhanced the EPFR reduction during loop perfusion to 77 +/- 3%. Loop perfusion with 10(-3) M L-NNA in perfusate also increased the EPFR reduction to 70 +/- 7%. In conclusion, inhibition of NO synthesis enhances the TGF-mediated reduction of nephron GFR. This indicates an active participation of endogenous NO in the control of afferent arteriolar tone. endogenous ET does not influence TGF via the ET-A receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of hyperinsulinemia under the euglycemic condition on calcium and phosphate metabolism in non-obese normotensive subjects.

The effect of acute insulin infusion on the metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) was examined in 17 healthy subjects. They were hospitalized and kept on a constant diet for 5 days, and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp was applied. Synthetic human insulin was infused at the rate of 40 mU/m2/min for 2 hr, and glucose was also infused to maintain basal glucose levels of each subject. The control study was performed in 8 of the 17 subjects, into whom 10% xylitol was infused for 2 hr at the rate of 100 ml/hr. The plasma insulin concentrations were 7.94 +/- 0.35 and 62.3 +/- 14.3 mU/liter before and after the glucose clamp technique, but serum free Ca ion was increased significantly (p < 0.05), and serum P and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) were decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Creatinine clearance did not change during the glucose clamp technique. Urinary excretion of Ca (UCaV) was significantly higher after the glucose clamp than the control study. Fractional excretion of Ca (FECa) was increased significantly (p < 0.05), and urinary excretion of P (UPV) and fractional excretion of P (FEP) were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) under the hyperinsulinemic condition. The results suggested that, under the conditions of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia by glucose clamp technique, insulin increased the serum free Ca ion, and as a result, PTH was suppressed. Decreased PTH might induce calciuresis and enhance tubular P reabsorption under hyperinsulinemia. Insulin increased serum free Ca ion might relate to the vasodilating action of insulin by its decrease of intracellular free Ca ion in vascular smooth muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinical evaluation and bacterial survey in infants and young children with diarrhoea in the Santa Cruz district, Bolivia.

Clinical and laboratory studies on a total of 211 of infants and young children admitted to the National Santa Cruz General Hospital for various types of diarrhoea during 1991-1992 are described. A peak cluster was observed in children aged 1 year of which 80 per cent were acute diarrhoea and the remaining 20 per cent were prolonged or chronic diarrhoea. The major bacterial pathogen was enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Other bacterial pathogens such as Klebsiella, Shigella, Cholera, etc., were detected. Ascaris, E. histolytica, Giardia and Ankylostoma were also detected. Many of the patients infected with enteropathogenic E. coli showed elevated serum titre to these bacterial antigens. Most of the detected E. coli and Shigella revealed that they were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and erythromycin, and some were resistant to gentamycin and chloramphenicol in vitro tests. It was difficult to make a diagnosis by clinical diagnosis alone for cholera of the el Tor Ogawa type. The detection of faecal leukocytes seems to be an useful predictor for diagnosis of invasive diarrhoea with mucobloody stools. Faecal pH and erythrocytes did not seem to be reliable diagnostic predictors. Fourteen cases (7 per cent) died of diarrhoeal disease. Many of them had complications with marked dehydration, hypoelectrolytaemia, malnutrition and infections, and rapid deterioration within 10 days despite rehydration therapy. Timely rapid rehydration and restoration of electrolytes followed by suitable management of complications are necessary.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1994

Does insulin resistance participate in an impaired glucose tolerance in primary aldosteronism?

It has been reported that glucose intolerance is occasionally found in primary aldosteronism. In this study, we measured insulin sensitivity by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique and ability to release insulin by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in primary aldosteronism. Seven patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) (53.7 +/- 3.4 years; mean +/- SEM) and eight normotensive subjects (NS) (57.5 +/- 2.6 years) were employed in this study. The two-hour euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic glucose clamp technique was performed in seven PA before adrenalectomy, six PA after adrenalectomy and eight NS. The 75 g OGTT was also done in five PA before and after adrenalectomy and eight NS. The mean rate of glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia for the last 30 minutes of the clamp technique was used as an indicator of insulin sensitivity (M-value). The total blood glucose levels during 75 g OGTT (area under the curves) (sigma blood glucose) were significantly higher in PA than those in NS, and the total insulin levels during 75 g OGTT (area under the curves) (sigma IRI) were significantly lower in PA than those in NS. After adrenalectomy in PA, blood glucose levels were significantly decreased and IRI were significantly increased compared with the normal range. There was a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05, r = 0.71) between serum potassium levels and IRI in PA which were determined before and after adrenalectomy. In PA, M-values (240.7 +/- 14.6 mg/m2/min) were significantly higher than those in NS (199.0 +/- 12.3 mg/m2/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1993

Renal effects of manidipine hydrochloride. A new calcium antagonist in hypertensive patients.

The renal effects of manidipine hydrochloride were investigated in ten hospitalised patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. After a one-week placebo period, manidipine was given for 1 week in a dose rising from 5 mg to 10 mg or 20 mg daily to normalise the mean blood pressure measured after 2 h. Blood pressure had decreased from 171/101 to 147/86 mm Hg at the end of manidipine treatment. The pulse rate was unaltered. Renal vascular resistance decreased from 1.90 to 1.33 dyn.s.cm-5/1.48 m2 x 10(4), and renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate increased from 522 to 662 ml.min-1 x 1.48 m-2 and from 81 to 93 ml.min-1 x 1.48 m-2, respectively, in spite of a fall in renal perfusion pressure. Manidipine reduced the filtration fraction from 0.260 to 0.243, suggesting a preferential reduction in efferent arteriolar resistance. The fractional excretion of sodium and potassium did not change. Manidipine did not produce any significant alteration in plasma renin activity or in the plasma aldosterone concentration. The results indicate that manidipine has favourable renal effects and a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of calcium antagonist, manidipine hydrochloride, on renal hemodynamics and tubuloglomerular feedback in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of a calcium antagonist, manidipine, on renal hemodynamics and the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism were examined in 7- to 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs). Manidipine, 10 micrograms/kg intravenously, reduced blood pressure only in SHRs. A greater increase in renal plasma flow occurred in SHRs, but effects on GFR were observed in both SHR and WKY rats. Filtration fraction decreased only in SHRs. The TGF response curve in SHRs was shifted to the left compared with that in WKY rats, indicating a more active TGF in hypertensive rats. Manidipine infusion produced a right and upward shift of the feedback curve in SHRs and only an upward shift in WKY rats. We conclude that manidipine corrects hyperactivity of the TGF mechanism in SHRs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of endothelin on renal hemodynamics and tubuloglomerular feedback.

The effect of endothelin (ET)-1 infusion on renal hemodynamics and the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism was examined in rats. ET-1 reduced early proximal flow rate (EPFR) measured in the absence of distal flow from 28 +/- 1 to 23 +/- 1 nl/min at a subpressor dose (100 pmol.100 g body wt-1.h-1 iv) and from 27 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 2 nl/min at a pressor dose (200 pmol.100 g body wt-1.h-1). Reductions of EPFR induced by loop perfusion at 40 nl/min were 11 +/- 1 and 12 +/- 1 nl/min at the subpressor and pressor doses and were not different from controls. The stop-flow pressure response to loop perfusion was not altered by the pressor dose of ET-1. The subpressor dose of ET-1 increased renal vascular resistance (RVR) by 40% but left glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) unaltered. The pressor dose of ET-1 not only increased RVR by 140% and decreased GFR and renal plasma flow by 37 and 52%, but it increased UNaV proportional to the rise in blood pressure (r = 0.724, P less than 0.01). ET-1 is a potent renal vasoconstrictor and induces pressure natriuresis. ET-1 increases both pre- and postglomerular resistances but does not affect TGF response.

Animals↗