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Biomedical subjects

T J Keil

Publications and source records attributed to T J Keil.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Fertility policy in Ceausescu's Romania.

This study tests a model for the impact that Ceausescu's pro-natalist policies had on the Romanian fertility rate between 1967 and 1989. Using time-series analysis the authors' findings show that the Ceausescu regime continually struggled with the Romanian population to increase the national birthrate. As a result the regime's policies, there was a significant increase in overall fertility between 1967 and 1989, when the Ceausescu regime was overthrown. Reasons are offered as to why Romania pursued such policies and was able to make them work, while other Eastern and Central European regimes proved to be less able to sustain drives to increase national fertility. This article also presents a model of what has happened to the Romanian fertility rate since 1989, showing that there has been a significant decline in fertility in the post-Communist period.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1987

Life satisfaction and age concentration of the local area.

Data from a community sample of persons 60 years old and older were analyzed to determine if the concentration of older persons in the local area (operationally defined as census tracts) was related to the respondent's life satisfaction after controlling for the known effects of physical health, socio-economic status, social participation, and other microlevel variables. Results showed that the effect of age concentration is negative, but that this effect differs according to the frequency with which a respondent visits a close friend who lives outside the neighborhood and the number of voluntary associations to which the respondent belongs. The more frequently respondents visited outside the neighborhood, the greater the negative effect of age concentration. On the other hand, the more voluntary association memberships respondents had, the smaller the negative effect of age concentration.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Socioeconomic comparisons and life satisfaction of elderly adults.

The hypothesis that overall satisfaction with life is influenced by one's financial situation vis-a-vis significant others was tested. Respondents compared themselves financially to the relative, friend, and neighbor to whom they felt closest. Data from a 1980 community survey of persons 60 years of age and older showed that the better off financially respondents perceived themselves to be compared with the relative to whom they felt closest, the greater the life satisfaction. This effect was independent of functional health, age, sex, race, marital status, education, income, household size, and social participation. These findings suggest that life satisfaction reflects not only one's location in the broader stratification system but also one's location in a rather limited network of significant others.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of life satisfaction: a note on a race-interaction hypothesis.

A "race interaction" hypothesis would suggest that factors important to the life satisfaction of whites may not be important to the life satisfaction of blacks. In this paper we suggest that dummy variable regression with interaction terms allows an assessment of differential effects by race. Using data from 438 white and 219 black elderly respondents, it is shown that most factors influencing life satisfaction of elderly people have similar effects among blacks and whites. Although greater numbers of impairments lead to lower life satisfaction for both races, the negative effect is considerably stronger among black than among white respondents.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1983

Repeat admissions for perceived problem drinking. A social resources perspective.

Several propositions derived from a social resources perspective regarding differences in first and repeat admissions are examined using data taken from persons being treated for alcohol misuse and from persons not receiving treatment. Although objective behavior (drinking level) is very important as a predictor of first admissions, it is of less consequence in predicting repeat admissions. The data indicate a complex pattern of interaction effects among social resources and between them and drinking behavior in determining who comes to receive treatment and who is readmitted to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Treatment dropouts: the effect of client and ecological variables.

Using data gathered on persons entering into alcohol treatment programs between 1974 and 1976, the study sought to develop an equation that would predict (1) Complete Successes, (2) Partial Successes, and (3) Dropouts. The predictor variables included a broad range of client-specific characteristics and ecological variables. The results indicate that both sets of influences affect our ability to predict who will fall into various categories. There appears to be a general progression in the amount of social resources held by the individual and contained within the individual's ecological environment as one moves from Dropouts to Partial Successes to Complete Successes. Results for policy makers and practitioners are identified and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Social correlates of female abstinence from marijuana: results of a household survey.

Using data collected from a household survey carried out in Pennsylvania in 1976, this study examines the social and attitudinal correlates of female abstinence from marijuana. Generally, it is found that women with "weaker" attachments to traditional social control systems, women in "nontraditional" roles, and higher status women are more likely to be among those who have used the substance at least once than are other women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pretreatment roles and therapeutic environment as correlates of in-treatment client "success": the case of the nonopiate user.

This study examined the effect of pretreatment role-involvements and therapeutic environment on the levels of in-treatment success for a sample of 704 nonopiate users. Within this sample, treatment type was found to be of little consequence in predicting success on selected measures of performance. The results of the analysis are interpreted as a function of theoretical difficulties in the paradigm that is used to organize the treatment effort.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Illicit opiat use during methadone maintenance.

The core hypothesis deduced from the Dole-Nyswander blockade formulation is that methadone is a sufficient but not necessary condition for abstinence from heroin. It is argued that this hypothesis has not been tested with scientifically adequate research. A research design is suggested. Since the Dole-Nyswander focus is at the physiological and metabolic level, it is argued that the blockade theory, pending, its scientific validation, should be supplemented by sociological, organizational, and economic theory.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗