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Biomedical subjects

T J Rohner

Publications and source records attributed to T J Rohner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Calcium channel agonist/antagonist effects on cholinergic stimulation of the diabetic rat bladder.

The in vitro effects of a calcium channel agonist (BAY K8644) and antagonist (nifedipine) on the cholinergic responses of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat bladder were investigated. the bladder body and bladder base were studied separately. There were significant differences in contractile responses to acetylcholine stimulation in the diabetic bladder body compared to the control body. Similarly, the diabetic bladder base demonstrated significantly increased contractile responses compared to the control base. Contractile responses in the diabetic bladder body and base were significantly increased from the control in the absence of extracellular calcium. Differences were found in the effects on maximum responses between diabetic and control tissues treated with nifedipine and BAY K8644. BAY K8644 did not completely reverse the effect of nifedipine on the contractile responses. Rates of contractile response were significantly different between controls and diabetics and between body and base. Alterations in calcium channel activity in diabetic bladder smooth muscle may be responsible at least in part for the nonspecific pharmacologic responses found in smooth muscle strips.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1991

Simple urodynamic evaluation of incontinent elderly female nursing home patients. A descriptive analysis.

We present a descriptive analysis of the functional, mental, and urodynamic status of a population of incontinent elderly female nursing home patients. One hundred fifty-five intermediate care female patients with a mean age of 85.5 years were identified as being incontinent of urine at least once daily. After urologic evaluation, each patient was classified into one of four categories: incontinence with normal cystometrogram 68 (44%), detrusor instability (DI) 52 (34%), stress incontinence (SI) 27 (17%), or overflow incontinence (OI) 7 (4%). Thirteen weeks later, patients were again studied using simple water cystometry. At follow-up evaluation, 45 patients (33%) had urodynamic findings which differed from the initial evaluation. Of these women, 10 with DI, 12 with SI, and 2 with OI were found to have normal cystometric parameters at the time of follow-up study, while 19 (14%) who initially had normal cystometric findings had evidence of DI (11) or SI (3). Strong correlation between urinary incontinence in patients with normal cystometric findings and moderate to severe cognitive impairment was present. Simple urodynamic evaluation did identify patients with SI and OI who might benefit from specific therapy. Urodynamic evaluation of incontinent elderly female nursing home patients is indicated and may provide direction for planning treatment strategies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Neurogenic function of the diabetic rat bladder: alteration by calcium channel effectors.

The in vitro effects of a calcium channel antagonist (nifedipine) and agonist (BAY K8644) on the neurogenic responses of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat bladder were investigated. The bladder body and bladder base were studied separately. There were no significant differences in neurogenic responses in diabetic bladder body compared to control body, but the diabetic bladder base demonstrated an increased contractile response at each frequency compared to control base. The rate of contractile response was similar in controls and diabetics but was significantly different between body and base. Although declining with time, contractile responses in the diabetic bladder body and base were increased from control in the absence of extracellular calcium. Differences were found in effects upon maximum responses between diabetic and control tissues treated with nifedipine and BAY K8644. BAY K8644 did not completely reverse the effect of nifedipine on the neurogenic responses in the diabetic bladder body. Effects of diabetes on the bladder body and base are associated with changes in calcium channel activity of bladder smooth muscle.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1991

The efficacy of transrectal ultrasound and prostate cancer.

An increased interest in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer, particularly in the last few years, is reflected in the literature. Numerous articles have been published since 1980 on the subject of imaging of the prostate gland. This article is a review of transrectal ultrasound and its efficacy in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Included is a review of the normal prostate anatomy, typical and atypical sonographic features, clinical and radiographic staging of prostate cancer, efficacy of the digital rectal examination, role of ultrasound in prostate cancer screening, surgical treatment, and radiotherapy of prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Profile of urinary incontinent elderly in long-term care institutions.

This article presents a profile of incontinent elderly in long-term care institutions. One hundred thirty-three frail elderly women were recruited from seven nursing homes in central Pennsylvania for a three-year clinical trial to test the effectiveness of a behavioral therapy on urinary incontinence. All of the patients had more than one medical diagnosis. Eighty percent had cardiorespiratory conditions; the most prevalent diagnoses were cardiovascular diseases. Eighty percent had one or more neurological diseases, including "organic brain syndrome" (47%) and senile dementia (30%); 44% had arthritis/rheumatism. Half of the patients showed severe cognitive impairment; only 12% showed no cognitive impairment. Sixty-three percent were totally dependent; 68% used wheelchairs, 61% were chairbound; 50% had impairments in vision, one-third in hearing, and 14% in speech. Normal bladder capacity, absence of detrusor instability, and satisfactory bladder emptying, as evidenced by low residual urines, was found in 41% of the patients, suggesting that incontinence in this elderly group may not be a primary bladder problem, but rather that mental and physical disabilities may be a more important underlying cause of incontinence in these patients. An important finding in this study is that 34% of the patients had detrusor instability. It is theoretically possible that pharmacologic therapy with anticholinergic agents or imipramine could improve incontinence in this group. Five percent were found to have large residual urine volumes in association with high-capacity bladders suggesting overflow incontinence as the cause of their daily leakage. Pelvic relaxation and stress leakage was far less common in this elderly group of nursing home patients than in young and middle-aged women.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Cost effectiveness of training incontinent elderly in nursing homes: a randomized clinical trial.

This study used a randomized clinical trial with 133 incontinent elderly in seven nursing homes to evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioral training therapy and its cost implications. The training program lasted three months, and a 22-week follow-up period examined the durability of the treatment effect. The therapy became effective after six weeks of training. By the final months of training, the treatment participants' wet episodes had been reduced by 0.6 episode per day, or a 26 percent reduction over baseline, and improvement was maintained during the follow-up period. Trainees with a high frequency of incontinence during baseline, relatively more cognitive residents, and residents with a normal bladder capacity responded better to this behavioral program. The cost of training was the equivalent of about one hour of nursing aide time per patient day. The reduction in incontinence during the follow-up period resulted in some small savings in laundry costs and supplies used, and some quantitatively unmeasurable but detectable improvement in psychosocial well-being among the trainees. Since the central figure in implementing this training protocol is the nursing aide, it is important to find an organizational management scheme that will stimulate nursing aides to reduce incontinence among nursing home residents.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Altered in vitro adrenergic responses of dog detrusor msucle after chronic bladder outlet obstruction.

Muscle strips from the bladder body and dome of normal and control dogs usually demonstrate a relaxing (beta-adrenergic) response to norepinephrine. After bladder outlet obstruction was caused by urethral constriction, all body muscle strips from 7 of 12 dogs (58 per cent) demonstrated contractile (alpha-adrenergic) responses to norepinephrine. Bladder base muscle strips continued to show alpha-adrenergic responses. Desensitization or decreased beta-adrenergic receptor activity may play a part in causing the low compliance and detrusor instability seen in patients with bladder outlet obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Recognition of virally transformed cells by lymphocytes from patients with prostatic cancer.

Data presented describe the first assay using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) against two unique virally transformed cell lines in vitro. Human cells transformed by a cytomegalovirus (CMV-Mj) isolated from normal human prostate tissue were used as target cells in microcytoxicity assays with lymphocytes from 100 patients. Three target cell types were used: control human embryonic lung cells (HEL), transformed HEL cells (CMV-Mj-HEL-2), and transformed HEL cells retrieved from tumors induced in athymic nude mice (CMV-Mj-HEL-2, T-1) by injection of CMV-Mj-HEL-2 cells. PBL preparations from 84% of all patients tested significantly killed CMV-Mj-HEL-2, T-1 cells. However, only PBL from patients with prostatic carcinoma were cytotoxic for CMV-Mj-HEL-2 cells significantly more often than for control HEL. The implications of this approach are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Establishment and characterization of a new human urinary bladder carcinoma cell line (PS-1).

An epithelioid cell line (PS-1) has been established from a transitional cell cancer derived from human urinary bladder. Subcutaneous injection of the epithelioid cells into weanling athymic nude mice induced solid tumors histologically similar to the original tumor. A cell line was also established from a tumor induced in the athymic nude mouse (PS-1, T-1). Both cell lines exhibited essentially identical growth characteristics and formed a monolayer growth of epithelioid cells in culture. Electron microscopic studies confirmed epithelioid morphology. No fibroblastoid elements were observed. Chromosomal analysis revealed heteroploidy with persistent marker chromosomes; all cells contained a Y chromosome. The presence of tumor-specific antigen(s) in PS-1 cells was suggested by microcytotoxicity assays with peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes from other transitional cancer cell patients. Sera of urinary bladder cancer patients reacted with nuclear antigens of the established cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

In vitro culture of human prostatic tissue.

A procedure is described which yields a significant percentage of long-term mixed cell cultures of human prostatic tissue. Attempts were made to suppress the proliferation of stromal fibroblasts and to characterize the cultured cells as those of prostatic origin. The problems associated with establishing epithelial cell lines are discussed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and radiographic findings of focally infected polycystic kidneys.

Three patients with localized polycystic kidney infections are presented with the pertinent clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Gallium-67 citrate and angiography play an important role in evaluation of these patients. Angiography in particular is valuable in the diagnosis and the exact localization of the inflammatory disease. Localization is extremely important in planning surgical treatment should conservative therapy fail.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Perinatal asphyxia and renal failure in neonatal patients.

Herein we discuss oliguria and azotemia in neonatal patients associated with perinatal complications, including difficult labor and delivery, and respiratory asphyxia. Renal failure in these patients is accompanied by proteinuria, microscopic hematuria and red blood cell casts, and it generally resolves in 7 to 10 days. Umbilical aortography can be helpful in determining the presence of normal kidneys in these patients.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1977

Evidence for the association of cytomegalovirus with carcinoma of the prostate.

A human genital isolate of cytomegalovirus is shown to have transformed human embryonic lung cells in vitro. These cells produce tumors when injected into athymic nude mice. Two cell lines derived from tissue from human prostatic carcinoma have survived more than 20 passages in vitro and demonstrate cytomegalovirus-specific membrane antigen. Significant humoral antibody titers against cytomegalovirus have been demonstrated. Cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity against these transformed cells has been demonstrated in patients with urinary tract tumors. This evidence indicates that an association between cytomegalovirus and human prostatic cancer may be more than coincidental.

Adenocarcinoma↗