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Biomedical subjects

T J Snyder

Publications and source records attributed to T J Snyder.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Empirical analysis of the selective attention and associated behavior checklists of the Aggregate neurobehavioral student health and educational review.

For 111 referred children, the Behavior Observation (BO) and the Selective Attention (SA) components of the Aggregate Neurobehavioral Student Health and Educational Review (ANSER) were completed by mothers and teachers and the Pediatric Examination of Educational Readiness at Middle Childhood was completed by the pediatrician. Smaller samples were used to study concurrent validity. The questionnaires presented high internal reliability. Factor analyses of the BO questionnaires resulted in a common primary factor of "Aggressiveness" for ratings by mothers and teachers. For the SA, "Hyperactivity" (mothers) and "Inattention" (teachers) accounted for the majority of variance. There were modest correlations between teachers and mothers. The correlation between the pediatrician and teachers reached the highest value. The BO-Teachers form was significantly related to the Teacher Report Form and the Conners Teacher Rating Scale. The authors concluded that the ANSER presents concurrent validity for teacher ratings, items predictive of atypical behavior, and a unique pool for defining a subgroup of children with attentional disorders. The limited relationship between mothers and teachers may be ascribed to different interpretations of the same items.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1998

Acoustic field interaction with a boiling system under terrestrial gravity and microgravity.

Pool boiling experiments from a platinum wire heater in FC-72 liquid were conducted under terrestrial and microgravity conditions, both with and without the presence of a high-intensity acoustic standing wave within the fluid. The purpose of this research was to study the interaction between an acoustic field and a pool boiling system in normal gravity and microgravity. The absence of buoyancy in microgravity complicates the process of boiling. The acoustic force on a vapor bubble generated from a heated wire in a standing wave was shown to be able to play the role of buoyancy in microgravity. The microgravity environment was achieved with 0.6 and 2.1-s drop towers. The sound was transmitted through the fluid medium by means of a half wavelength sonic transducer driven at 10.18 kHz. At high enough acoustic pressure amplitudes cavitation and streaming began playing an important role in vapor bubble dynamics and heat transfer. Several different fixed heat fluxes were chosen for the microgravity experiment and the effects of acoustics on the surface temperature of the heater were recorded and the vapor bubble movement was filmed. Video images of the pool boiling processes and heat transfer data are presented.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1985

Milk production, nutrient digestion, and rate of digesta passage in dairy cows fed long or chopped alfalfa hay supplemented with sodium bicarbonate.

Effects of forage particle size and sodium bicarbonate on milk production, ruminal fermentation, ruminal fluid dilution rate, dry matter passage from the rumen, and nutrient digestion were measured in four Holstein cows in a 4 X 4 Latin-square experiment. Cows were fed ad libitum amounts of a diet of approximately 46% concentrate and 54% alfalfa hay. The 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments were: 1) long stem alfalfa hay, 2) long stem alfalfa hay + 1.4% sodium bicarbonate (3.0% of concentrate), 3) chopped alfalfa hay (1.3 cm), and 4) chopped alfalfa hay + 1.4% sodium bicarbonate. Feed intake, milk yield, and milk composition were similar among treatments. Ruminal pH and concentration and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids were not altered. Decreasing feed particle size reduced ruminal fluid outflow as estimated by polyethylene glycol and chromium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dilution rates. Digestion of nutrients was decreased with chopped alfalfa hay but was not related to faster rate of passage of smaller size feed particles as determined by rare earth markers. Sodium bicarbonate increased water intake and tended to improve nutrient digestion. Absence of a significant effect of sodium bicarbonate upon rate of passage of chopped hay indicates that feed particles of this size are not significantly affected by small increases of dilution rate of ruminal fluid. Addition of sodium bicarbonate to an alfalfa hay (forage)-based diet did not improve production responses but did increase nutrient digestion.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1983

Addition of sodium bicarbonate to calf starter rations varying in protein percent.

The influence of added sodium bicarbonate on calf performance and on a possible sparing effect on dietary protein was studied with 48 Holstein calves. Calves were assigned randomly to one of four starter diets containing 10% chopped hay in a 2 X 2 factorial designed experiment: 1) 12% crude protein, 0% sodium bicarbonate; 2) 12% crude protein, 3% sodium bicarbonate; 3) 17% crude protein, 0% sodium bicarbonate; and 4) 17% crude protein, 3% sodium bicarbonate. All calves were fed fermented colostrum for 5 wk and offered their respective starter diets from birth until 10 wk of age. Average daily gains and daily dry matter intakes for wk 0 to 5 were .24, .25; .28, .24; .26, .19; and .27, .24 kg for diets 1 to 4 and for wk 6 to 10 were .52, 1.64; .50, 1.73; .67, 1.78; and .63, 1.87 kg. Addition of sodium bicarbonate (diets 2 and 4) stimulated greater growth (0 to 5 wk) and higher feed intake for the 10-wk trial. Digestibilities of all nutrient measures at wk 9 were lower with added sodium bicarbonate and may be related to higher feed intake. Added sodium bicarbonate did not influence nitrogen digestibility. However, the higher protein diet with sodium bicarbonate improved nitrogen utilization. Rumen samples collected at 9 wk tended to have a higher pH and ratio of acetate: propionate with added sodium bicarbonate. Calves fed the high protein diets gained more weight and consumed more feed than calves fed the low protein diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Deficits of ideokinetic praxis in chronic schizophrenics on a modified version of the Luria-Nebraska Motor Scale.

One disturbance of motility in schizophrenia is the blocking of voluntary action, or ambitendency. Although the traditional explanation for this disorder is psychological, the documentation of psychomotor slowing in the literature suggests the possibility of a neurologic pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that disconnection between the ideatory and motor components of a voluntary action described as ambitendency is similar to the ideokinetic apraxia of disease of the left frontal cortex. It was also hypothesized that because of this presumed anatomical locus, manifestation of ideokinetic apraxia in schizophrenia would be correlated with corticomotor slowing of the dominant hand. To test these hypotheses, a modified version of the Motor Scale of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Examination and the Finger Tapping Test of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery were administered to 10 chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics, 10 paranoid schizophrenics, 10 patients with major depressive disorders, 10 patients with mixed personality disorders, and 10 normals. Both chronic schizophrenics and major depressives demonstrated a significant frequency of ideokinetic apraxia in comparison with the other groups. Age was found to correlate positively with ideokinetic apraxia in the depressives, suggesting that such symptoms may be an artifact of the aging process in these subjects. Ideokinetic apraxia was correlated with slowing of the dominant hand in the chronic schizophrenics, suggesting a neurologic rather than a psychologic basis for their blocking of voluntary action. No group demonstrated a significant incidence of ideational apraxia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatitis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Two series of patients treated for primary hyperparathyroidism are reviewed for the incidence of associated pancreatitis. In an earlier series of 150 hyperparathyroid patients, six had documented pancreatitis as one of the primary clinical manifestations. Review of a more recent series failed to uncover a single case of pancreatitis in 26 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The incidence of pancreatitis associated with hyperparathyroidism appears to be steadily decreasing, possibly reflecting the earlier diagnosis of parathyroid disease, which is due to widespread screening testing methods currently available.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Addition of sodium bicarbonate to rations of postpartum dairy cows: physiological and metabolic effects.

Sodium bicarbonate was added to complete mixed rations to characterize physiological, metabolic, and ruminal changes immediately postpartum when dairy cows are switched abruptly from a low energy ration prepartum to a high energy ration postpartum. Twelve Holstein cows were paired and assigned randomly to either a control or buffered ration containing .8% sodium bicarbonate. Rations consisted of 50% corn silage:50% concentrate. All All cows were fed a similar dry cow ration for a minimum of 7 days prepartum and experimental rations for 2 wk beginning at parturition. Blood, feces, and urine were sampled on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 postpartum. Rumen fluid was sampled on days 7 and 14. Dry matter intake and milk production were 2.75% of body weight and 30.3 kg/day for cows fed buffer and 2.49% and 27.6 kg/day for cows fed control. Higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide and base excess in blood in cows fed buffer existed on days 2 and 4 postpartum than for cows fed the control ration. Cows fed buffer had higher concentrations of ruminal ammonia than cows fed control. This difference was less pronounced in blood urea nitrogen and urinary ammonia. Urine pH was higher for cows fed buffer than for control. Addition of sodium bicarbonate improved the acid-base status after abrupt change of ration and may be associated with increased dry matter intake and improved ration adaptation. Concentrations of most minerals and metabolites in blood serum did not differ between rations.

Animal Feed↗