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Biomedical subjects

T J Yoo

Publications and source records attributed to T J Yoo.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Type II collagen-induced autoimmune endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pig.

Endolymphatic hydrops was induced in guinea pigs by immunizing them with native bovine type II collagen. Histopathologic changes consisted of moderate extension of the Reissner's membrane, spiral ganglion degeneration, atrophied organ of Corti, and mild atrophy of the surface epithelium in the endolymphatic duct. These findings suggest that an immune response directed against type II collagen--a type of collagen found in the membranous labyrinth, subepithelial layer of the endolymphatic duct, spiral ligament, and enchondral layer of the otic capsule--may induce endolymphatic hydrops.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Serum transfer of collagen-induced arthritis. II. Identification and localization of autoantibody to type II collagen in donor and recipient rats.

Collagen-induced arthritis can be transferred from immunized arthritic rats to unimmunized recipients by intravenous injection of an immunoglobulin concentrate of sera. This study identifies antibodies in the transfer concentrate which localize to the articular surface of cartilage in joints of recipients. Immunoglobulin can also be demonstrated in the same location in arthritic joints from rats after immunization. Antibody capable of transferring arthritis is present in donor rats over a period of at least 3 weeks and can be absorbed using homologous type II collagen. In addition, anti-type II collagen antibodies can be eluted from arthritic joints of rats with early disease.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Antigens of alternaria. I. Isolation and partial characterization of a basic peptide allergen.

A basic peptide allergen has been isolated from Alternaria extracts. Flat-bed gel preparative isoelectric focusing followed by dialysis and lyophilization allowed for concentration of substantial quantities of this heretofore unrecognized allergen. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography (using a 2 X concentrated, IgE serum fraction from Alternaria patient sera and 125I-anti human IgE), a RAST inhibition assay, and skin testing of Alternaria-sensitive patients were used to demonstrate the allergenicity of this fraction. The allergenicity of this protein was sufficient to give 50% RAST inhibition at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml using standard RAST procedures. The immunoelectrophoresis autoradiography also indicated allergenicity. Skin tests indicated that over 90% of patients hypersensitive to Alternaria crude extracts were also hypersensitive to the basic allergen fraction.

Allergens↗
PubMed1983

Allergens of Alternaria: further characterization of a basic allergen fraction.

A basic allergen fraction isolated from Alternaria extracts by preparative flat-bed gel isoelectric focusing (as previously reported) was subjected to further characterization. The fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-25 column and exhibited two major peaks, the first of which was allergenic and the second of which was nonallergenic but caused a precipitate to form when added to a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (1%) and trichloroacetic acid (5%). SDS-PAGE indicated that the allergen component of the basic fraction migrated at about the same rate as insulin (5.8 kdaltons). Both G-25 peaks were carbohydrate rich with a protein:carbohydrate ratio (by weight) of 1:4.5 and 1:5.8 for peak 1 and peak 2 respectively. Heat (100 degrees C for 10 min) and enzyme digestion (trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin and pepsin) did not reduce the RAST inhibition values for peak 1 or the original basic fraction. The basic fraction did not bind human IgE specific for birch pollen indicating that the RAST inhibition and IgE (Alternaria specific) binding to radioimmunoelectrophoresis plates was not due to nonspecific binding of IgE. We conclude that the allergenicity of the basic fraction is due to a small molecule that is predominantly carbohydrate in nature and is a major allergen of Alternaria.

Allergens↗
PubMed1983

Circulating immune complexes in rats with metastasizing or nonmetastasizing mammary tumor.

The dual rat metastatic and nonmetastatic mammary tumor model was characterized by the level of immune complexes in the sera of rats bearing these tumors. Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured at various intervals posttumor injection in Wistar-Furth (W/Fu) rats inoculated at 2 months of age with either 1 X 10(6) viable metastasizing (TMT-081) or nonmetastasizing (MT-100) tumor cells into the mammary fat pads. The Raji cell assay was used to measure CIC. No correlation between tumor size and CIC levels in the tumors were observed. While none of the sera from the rats bearing the nonmetastasizing tumors had CIC levels higher than 30 micrograms/ml, a small percentage of the animals bearing the metastasizing tumors had serum CIC levels higher than 30 micrograms/ml. This study suggests no clear difference between the amount of CIC in the sera of animals bearing either metastasizing or nonmetastasizing tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of iodinated antigens of metastatic and non-metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma cells.

The surface and detergent-soluble proteins of metastatic (TMT-081) and nonmetastatic (MT-100) mammary adenocarcinoma cells were labeled using [125I]-lactoperoxidase. The iodinated proteins were analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. The results revealed seven iodinated surface polypeptides in metastatic cells with molecular weights of 150,000, 130,000, 110,000, 78,000, 67,000, 40,000 and 22,000. The nonmetastatic cell surface revealed eight iodinated polypeptides with molecular weights of 175,000, 150,000, 130,000, 120,000, 110,000, 67,000, 40,000, and 24,000. The small molecular weight polypeptides, 22,000-24,000, of both metastatic and nonmetastatic cells were the most intensely labeled and appeared as a major surface component. Iodination of the detergent-soluble proteins in tumor extracts results in the labeling of five polypeptides (175,000, 67,000, 44,000, 29,000, 22,000 MW) of metastatic tumor and six polypeptides (175,000, 78,000, 67,000, 40,000, 35,000, 22,000 MW) of nonmetastatic tumor. Immunoprecipitation analyses indicate that the iodinated tumor polypeptides are antigenic to a xenogenic host. The 175,000 MW surface polypeptide of nonmetastatic and the 40,000 MW polypeptide of metastatic cells were not detected in the immunoprecipitates. The results of immunoprecipitation suggest that the small molecular weight (22,000-24,000) polypeptides are the predominant antigens of both tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Complications of stapedectomies.

The authors consider the consequences and treatment of any error during and after stapedectomy, and present the usually less developed complications of stapedectomies: postoperative cochlear drops, tinnitus, vertigo. They also mention the other complications of stapedial surgery, and they particularly advocate the half-posterior stapedectomy technique, associated with a sufficiently large venous interposition. The authors had no cases of severe permanent cochlear loss during the first postoperative month in a series of more than 4000 stapedectomies.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMed1982

Type II collagen autoimmunity in otosclerosis and Meniere's Disease.

Antibodies to collagen types I, II, and IV were measured in patients with otosclerosis and patients with Meniere's disease. Levels of antibodies to type II collagen were significantly higher in these patients than in control subjects, while no differences were found among levels of antibodies to collagen type I or type IV. These observations suggest a possible role for type II collagen autoimmunity in the etiology of otosclerosis and Meniere's disease.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1982

Efficacy of phenylephrine-phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of rhinitis.

A double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study was done to evaluate the efficacy of an oral decongestant preparation in the treatment of rhinitis. The preparation consisted of 5 mg of phenylephrine hydrochloride, 45 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and 200 mg of guaifenesin (Rymed). Subjects were selected for participation in the study on the basis of history, physical examination, and immediate hypersensitivity skin testing. Fourteen of 20 subjects (P less than .05) observed a reduction in the severity of nasal symptoms while taking the drug. The mean symptom score of the 20 subjects while taking the drug was 31.344 and while taking placebo, 42.979. This is a statistically significant difference (P = .009717). Side effects were minimal. We concluded that the oral decongestant preparation used in this study is effective in controlling symptoms of rhinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ultrastructure and fatty acid composition of fatty acid-modified Morris 7777 hepatoma cells.

Morris 7777 hepatoma cells, maintained in culture for 5 days in Lewis medium supplemented with 0.1 to 0.35 mM cis-unsaturated fatty acid of the oleic (number of carbon atoms: number of double bonds, 18:1), linoleic (18:2), or arachidonic (20:4) type, were compared to similarly maintained, unsupplemented cells as to ultrastructure and fatty acid composition. The cells of unsupplemented cultures were distinguished by their spherical shape, multilobated nuclei, large nucleoli, and distribution of chromatin. Cellular extensions in the form of pseudopodia and filopodia along with junctional complexes and structures resembling bile canaliculi were evident. The cytoplasmic matrix and cellular organelles appeared normal in morphology. The ultrastructure of fatty acid-supplemented cells differed from unsupplemented hepatoma cells in cell size, location of the nucleus, abundance of endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of lipid droplets, mitochondrial abnormalities, redistribution of cytoplasmic fibrils, and plasmalemmal extensions. Supplemented cells contained lipid droplets varying in number from a optimum of six to a maximum of greater than 70. The size of these lipid droplets varied from 0.57 +/- 0.34 (S.D.) micrometers for oleic, 1.22 +/- 0.67 micrometers for linoleic, and 0.91 +/- 0.46 micrometers for arachidonic acid-supplemented cells. Variation in the ultrastructure of supplemented cells was also evident. Cytoplasmic vesiculation appeared more frequently and was more prominent in the linoleic acid-supplemented cells. Alterations in the number of surface specializations and nuclear morphology were more pronounced in the arachidonic acid-supplemented cells. Occasional swelling, loss of matrix density, and dilated cristae were evident in mitochondria of oleic acid-supplemented cells. The neutral and phospholipid fractions of arachidonic acid-supplemented cells differed from the unsupplemented cells in the concentrations of 14:0, 15:0, 16:0, 16:1, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:1, 20:3, 20:4, 22:5, and 22:6 fatty acids. The most significant change was detected in the higher level, 26- or 8-fold, of fatty acids 20:3 omega 6 and 22:6 in the phospholipid fraction of arachidonic acid-supplemented cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of fatty acid modification of cultured hepatoma cells on susceptibility to natural killer cells.

Rat hepatoma (Morris 7777) cells modified with either oleic or linoleic acid exhibited greater susceptibility to normal spleen cell-mediated lysis in a 16-hr 51Cr release assay. At effector:target cell ratios of 300:1, the specific lysis of fatty acid-enriched target cells (cultured for 2 days in fatty acid-supplemented medium) by the normal rat spleen cells was 60% higher than the untreated target cells (P less than 0.01). Prolonging the culture in fatty acid-supplemented medium up to 6 days produced similar effects. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of cellular lipids revealed that an elevation of oleic or linoleic acid was the only significant alteration in the hepatoma cells grown in the oleic or linoleic acid-supplemented medium, respectively. The percentage of the acids was increased in the total cellular phospholipids, the choline, ethanolamine, serine, and inositol phosphoglyceride fractions, and the neutral lipids. In conclusion, we suggest that the elevation of oleic acid and linoleic acid contents in the membranes of the fatty acid-modified hepatoma cells may contribute to the increased susceptibility of these cells to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 and friend erythroleukemia virus infection of IgE antibody responses to Ascaris antigen in mice.

The IgE response to Ascaris antigen, as measured by passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions, was suppressed in mice infected with either herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) or Friend leukemia virus (FV). FV was not suppressive unless infection preceded immunization whereas HSV-2 infection was immunosuppressive before or after immunization. However, the suppression by HSV-2 was relatively short-lived.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Human leukocyte histamine release assays with whole ragweed and Alternaria antigens using Technicon autoanalyzer II.

A simple and commercially available automated technique for fluorometric analysis of histamine is described. It is applicable to histamine release experiments utilizing washed leukocytes, and analyzes 15 samples/h at histamine concentrations between 1 and 1000 ng/ml with a mean variance between 0.5% and 18%. This technique is applied to a cross sectional study of leukocytes from 14 ragweed sensitive patients (7 on and 7 off immunotherapy) as well as five normals. It was also applied to 17 Alternaria-sensitive patients (4 on and 12 off immunotherapy) in addition to six normals. While antigen induced in histamine release clearly separated the sensitive group from the normals, it did not correlate with immunotherapy, and a considerable variation was seen in the sensitive patients of both the treated and untreated groups.

Alternaria↗
PubMed1980

Cellular and reaginic immune responses to ragweed antigen E in inbred rats.

The cellular and reaginic immune responses to ragweed were examined in six strains of inbred rats. Three differentiable patterns of primary reaginic responses were observed: (a) Lewis rats--good uniform responders--produced high titers of IgE antibody for a short (less than 2 weeks) time; (b) Brown Norway rats--good uniform responders--produced high titers of IgE antibody for a long time (more than 1 month), and (c) intermediate responders--Buffalo, ACI, Fischer 344 and Wistar-Furth rats--produced poor-to-moderate titers of IgE for an intermediate time. There were no secondary reaginic immune responses to ragweed AgE in these six strains of rats. Furthermore, extensive study of Lewis rats indicated that IgE antibody production in primary immunization could be suppressed by passive transfer of either AgE-primed spleen lymphocytes, AgE-primed blood lymphocytes, or Con-A stimulated lymphocytes. Cellular responses to AgE and PHA stimulation were suppressed in rats receiving AgE-primed lymphocytes or Con-A stimulated lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of fatty acid modifications of cultured hepatoma cells on susceptibility to complement-mediated cytolysis.

The fatty acid composition of Morris Hepatoma 7777 cells was modified by exposure to culture media that were supplemented with 0.1 to 0.36 mM oleic or linoleic acid for 5 days. Changes occurred in the fatty acid composition of both the cellular phospholipid and the neutral lipid fractions. Exposure to linoleic acid caused a large increase in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the cell lipids, whereas enrichment in monoenoic fatty acids occurred when the cells were exposed to high levels of oleic acid. Cellular phospholipid content decreased, cholesterol content did not change, and triglyceride content increased as a result of fatty acid supplementation. The fatty acid-modified cells showed increased susceptibility to complement-mediated cytolysis as compared with control cells grown in unsupplemented culture media. The extent of the increase in susceptibility to cytolysis depended on the degree of lipid modification and also on the cell number and antibody titer used in the assay. Cells enriched with linoleic acid were the most susceptible, but oleic acid enrichment also produced increased susceptibility to immune cytolysis. The kinetic study showed that the initial rate of cytolysis was higher in fatty acid-modified cells than in the control cells. There was no difference in the osmotic fragility of the control and fatty acid-modified cells. These results indicate that changes in the lipid composition of a target cell can influence its susceptibility to complement-dependent cytolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cutaneous and nasal allergic responses in ragweed hay fever: lack of clinical and histopathologic correlations with late phase reactions.

The present study was designed to test the hypotheses that late cutaneous and nasal responses to allergen in patients with ragweed hay fever were human correlates of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, and that late responses in the nose and skin reflect similar pathogenesis. Forty-seven patients with ragweed hay fever were studied during a ragweed season for peripheral basophilia and clinical patterns reflecting late responses. Provocative nasal challenge, skin testing, and biopsy were carried out subsequently in 21 of the same patients during the winter months. Conclusions were as follows: (1) no histologic features distinguish positive from negative late skin reactions at 24 hr in patients with immediate wheal-and-flare responses; (2) cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, i.e., tissue basophilia, is not a distinguishing feature of late skin responses in ragweed pollenosis; (3) seasonal peripheral basophilia was not found; (4) late responses in the nose were difficult to document objectively and did not correlate with late skin reactions; and (5) lymphocyte responses to antigen failed to correlate with late responses in either the nose or the skin.

Basophils↗