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Biomedical subjects

T Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to T Jacobsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Low faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci in Norwegian hospital patients.

The faecal carrier rate of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was surveyed among 616 patients in selected departments of 7 Norwegian hospitals. One Enterococcus gallinarum isolate harbouring a vanB2 element was recovered from a child with malignant disease treated with vancomycin and ceftazidime. No vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis or Enterococcus faecium were detected and no VRE isolates of the VanA type were identified. The low level of VRE carriage corresponds to the limited use of glycopeptide antibiotics for human therapeutic purposes in Norway. It indicates a low risk of acquiring VRE infections in Norwegian hospitals.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

Diagnosis of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis by three radiological modalities.

PURPOSE: To compare the findings at US, CT and contrast enema (CE) with the clinical, biochemical, and surgical findings in patients with suspected acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis (ALCD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 32 consecutive patients hospitalized with clinically diagnosed ALCD. During the first 3 days of hospitalization, they were examined by US and CT of the pelvis and abdomen, and CE. RESULTS: Of the 32 patients, 21 had ALCD according to the combined radiological, clinical, biochemical and surgical findings. Findings compatible with ALCD were verified by radiological examination alone in 12 patients (4 patients at US, 10 at CT, and 6 at CE). In 9 patients, only diverticula or tethering was found at either CE or CT, and the diagnoses were then supported by clinical and biochemical findings and clinical follow-up. The most common clinical symptoms and signs associated with ALCD were left lower quadrant pain, left-sided tenderness, and fever. Most patients showed elevations of the white blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein, but there was no statistical difference in the stages of severity of ALCD, or between ALCD and other abdominal disorders. CONCLUSION: Radiological examination is valuable in confirming the diagnosis of ALCD. CT was the radiological modality that best demonstrated ALCD and revealed complications (e.g. pericolic abscesses) during the course of the illness.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Mentally ill mothers who have killed: three cases addressing the issue of future parenting capability.

Many parents with severe and chronic mental illness lose custody of their children due to child abuse or neglect. These children may linger in foster care for long periods of time until decisions about custody are made. Recent proposals to shorten the time that children remain in the foster care system include the use of categories of abuse to guide decisions about custody. One proposal has been to "fast-track" cases involving parents with long-standing mental disorders by automatically terminating parental rights. This approach assumes that a severe and chronic mental disorder is incompatible with safe parenting. This report describes three cases of mentally ill mothers who lost custody of their children after they killed someone. The mothers were nonetheless found to be at low risk for future child maltreatment and violence according to evaluation with two current methodologies, Parenting Risk Assessment and Risk of Violence Assessment. The cases question the assumption that mental illness is incompatible with safe parenting and underscore the fact that evaluation of the parenting competency of mentally ill parents is rarely clear-cut.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of primer solvent, primer agitation, and dentin dryness on shear bond strength to dentin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the shear bond strength of acetone- or water-based primers applied with or without agitation to either wet or dry dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight caries-free extracted human premolars were embedded in gypsum and flat dentin surfaces were prepared. The teeth were randomly divided in eight groups with six specimens each. After acid etching and rinsing, either a HEMA and acetone (Ac) or a HEMA and water (Wa) primer were applied to dry (D) or wet (W) dentin. The primer was placed with (Y) or without (N) agitation according to the following combinations: Group 1: D-Ac-Y; Group 2: D-Ac-N; Group 3: D-Wa-Y; Group 4: D-Wa-N; Group 5: W-Ac-Y; Group 6: W-Ac-N; Group 7: W-Wa-Y; Group 8: W-Wa-N. The primed surface was dried, covered with a bonding resin and light-cured, whereupon a composite cylinder was bonded to the dentin surface. The shear bond strength was determined after 30 days in water. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviations, expressed in MPa, were: Group 1: 13.1 +/- 3.42; Group 2: 15.9 +/- 4.84; Group 3: 19.8 +/- 6.64; Group 4: 18.6 +/- 5.18; Group 5: 16.5 +/- 5.25; Group 6: 25.5 +/- 4.79; Group 7: 21.9 +/- 4.94; Group 8: 17.4 +/- 4.50. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Waller-Duncans K-ratio t-test. The acetone-based primer gave the highest bond strength to wet dentin without agitation. When the acetone-based primer was used on dry dentin a significant decrease in bond strength occurred (P < 0.05). No significant difference (P > 0.05) was found for the water-based primer on wet or dry dentin. Agitation improved the bond strength for the water-based primer, but decreased the bond strength for the acetone-based primer.

Acetone↗
PubMed1997

Assessing parenting competency in individuals with severe mental illness: a comprehensive service.

Determining the parenting capabilities of individuals with severe mental disorders who are alleged perpetrators of child abuse or neglect is a profoundly difficult task. This article discusses the methodological shortcomings of some widely used assessment strategies and outlines the components of a comprehensive parenting competency evaluation for individuals with severe mental illness. Procedures identifying both risk factors associated with abuse or neglect and protective influences against child maltreatment are summarized. These procedures are illustrated by describing a Chicago-based parenting assessment team for parents with severe mental disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Children's attachment representations: longitudinal relations to school behavior and academic competency in middle childhood and adolescence.

A longitudinal study examined children's (N = 108) attachment representations in relation to behavior and academic competency at school during middle childhood and adolescence. Attachment representations were assessed from children's responses to a separation story at age 7 years. At ages 9, 12, and 15, teachers rated children on four dimensions of school behavior: attention-participation, extroversion, disruptive behavior, and insecurity about self. Children's grade point average (GPA) in school was also examined. Children's attachment representations (secure vs. insecure) did not predict either disruptive behavior or extroversion, but they were significantly linked to attention-participation, insecurity about self, and GPA, with secure representations being associated with more favorable outcomes. The study controlled for social class, gender, IQ, perspective-taking ability, and prior competency.

Achievement↗
PubMed1997

Children's ability to delay gratification: longitudinal relations to mother-child attachment.

Concurrent and longitudinal mother-child attachment qualities were studied in relation to children's ability to postpone gratification at age 6 years. A sample of 32 children (at ages 12 months and 18 months) and their mothers participated in the strange situation procedure. At age 6 years, they were observed in an attachment situation and administered a standard delay of gratification task. The length of time that children were able to delay gratification at age 6 was predicted both by concurrent attachment quality and by a longitudinal attachment measure. Children with secure attachment were able to wait the longest periods of time, whereas those with insecure-disorganized attachment had the most difficulties in waiting. The effects of longitudinal, but not concurrent, attachment quality on children's total waiting time remained significant when other important variables were considered, including gender and children's cognitive functioning. An interactive effect was found between attachment quality and cognitive functioning. Insecure-avoidantly attached children with high cognitive functioning did not differ in their overall waiting times from securely attached children, but insecure-avoidantly attached children with average or low cognitive functioning did have shorter waiting times. The study provides a basis for the further investigation of mother-child attachment quality as a factor that is linked to children's delay behavior.

Attention↗
PubMed1996

[Diverticulitis of the colon. Diagnosis and treatment illustrated by a patient material].

During the period 1985-92, 181 patients were treated at Aker Hospital for diverticulitis of the colon. 106 patients (59%) were treated conservatively, and 75 (41%) were operated on for complications. The mortality among the patients treated conservatively was 4.7%. 47 patients underwent operation in the acute stage, most often for perforation or intestinal obstruction, and the most frequent operation was the Hartmann procedure. 28 patients had an elective operation, the most common indication being a fistula from the colon. In this group the operation was usually resection with anastomosis. After acute operation, 17 patients (36%) experienced surgical complications, and the mortality was 12.8% (six patients). After elective operation the morbidity was low (2/28), and the mortality was nil. Our preferred principle for acute surgery for diverticulitis is colonic resection. This eliminates the source of contamination, and allows debridation and cleansing of the peritoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detection of psoriasis-associated antigen pso p27 in sarcoidosis bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using monoclonal antibodies.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, predominantly affecting the lung. The increased concentration of pulmonary lymphocytes with specific receptors in subgroups of sarcoidosis patients suggests a local specific immune response. pso p27, a psoriatic scale antigen linked to the pathogenesis of psoriasis, was previously found in BAL cells, serum, and Kveim-Siltzback test in sarcoidosis. With an enzyme-linked immunoassay based on murine monoclonal antibodies, we analyzed BAL fluid from 21 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Eleven (52%) of the patients have detectable levels of pso p27 antigen. No antigen is detected in the BAL fluid from five healthy, nonsmoking controls. Serum concentrations of pso p27 shows no significant difference between the two groups, but three of the sarcoidosis patients have detectable levels of the antigen. Mean concentration of pso p27 is >100 fold higher in BAL fluid than in serum from the sarcoidosis patients. This strongly suggests local pulmonary production of pso p27 antigen.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Prematurity in Greenland. A study of infants with a birthweight below 2000 g.

For all 67 babies born in Greenland between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 1992 with a birthweight < 2000 g, birth certificates and clinical data were reviewed. The frequency of a birthweight of < 2000 g was 1.8%, which corresponds with Danish data. Twenty-four (35%) died. Compared with Danish babies, the stratified odds ratio for death was 5.16. There was a marked geographic variation, with the highest mortality in the less affluent remote districts. Respiratory insufficiency was the dominant cause of death, with immaturity the only other important cause. Due to lack of equipment in the smaller district hospitals, half of the babies dying from respiratory insufficiency received no other treatment than oxygen in an incubator. It is recommended that all district health centres are equipped with facilities for nasal continuous airway pressure, that the use of antibiotics is encouraged and that the introduction of surfactant replacement therapy is considered.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of lipases from different strains of the fungus Geotrichum candidum.

The type A lipase and the cis-9 18:1 specific type B lipase of different strains of Geotrichum candidum were compared. Comparing the enzyme activity of crude lipase preparation and purified type A and type B lipases and the protein pattern of these preparations in denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that the specific activity for cis-9 18:1 fatty acids was related to the content of the type B lipase. Tandem-crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to demonstrate immunological identity between type A and type B lipase of G. candidum ATCC 66592. Partial immunological identity was observed between type B lipase of this strain and type A lipase of G. candidum ATCC 34614 and two commercial crude G. candidum lipase preparations (Amano and Biocatalyst), i.e., the type B lipase of G. candidum ATCC 66592 had immunogenic epitopes which are not present on the other lipases. Enzymatic deglycosylation of the lipases did not alter this pattern. After partial proteolysis of purified type A and type B lipases of G. candidum ATCC 66592, Amano and Biocatalyst, no difference between the type A lipase of the three strains was observed in SDS-PAGE. For all strains the type B lipase exhibited a distinctly different peptide pattern to that of the type A lipase. In addition, the type B lipase of G. candidum ATCC 66592 differed from the type B lipase of Amano and Biocatalyst by having an additional peptide band. The results indicate that the G. candidum ATCC 66592 should be considered a distinct strain regarding the protein chemical characteristics of its type B lipase, whereas the two commercial lipase preparations appear to be very similar.

Geotrichum↗
PubMed1995

Some effects of water on dentin bonding.

OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to determine how: 1) the bond strengths of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA)-based dentin primers are affected by different solvents (water or acetone), 2) the application time of these primers affect the bond strength, and 3) the conversion of water contaminated bonding resins. METHODS: HEMA (35%), mixed with water or acetone, was placed on moist dentin for 30 or 120 s, dried, covered with a bonding resin, and light-cured. Composite cylinders were bonded to these surfaces, and the shear bond strength was determined after 30 d of water storage at 37 degrees C. The conversion of bonding resins containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mL water per mL of bonding resin was determined with FTIR. RESULTS: The two acetone groups gave significantly (p<0.5) higher bond strength values (sigma 30s=22.2 +/- 2.1 MPa and sigma 120s=21.5 +/- 3.2 MPa) than the two water groups (sigma 30s=7.0 +/- 3.3 MPa and sigma 120s=16.2 +/- 4.8 MPa). In contrast to the acetone-based primer, the water-based primer improved its bond strength with increased priming time without reaching that of the two acetone groups. The conversion of the bonding resin was 53.5%, which decreased to approximately 25% when 0.2 mL or more water was added per mL resin. SIGNIFICANCE: Compared to acetone, water is inferior as a solvent for HEMA-based dentin primers and gives both lower bond strength and requires longer priming time than acetone. A possible explanation of these results is the ability of water to interfere with the polymerization of the resin systems.

Acetone↗
PubMed1995

Case study: is selective mutism a manifestation of dissociative identity disorder?

Selective mutism is a rare psychiatric disorder that usually has its onset in early childhood. This case study describes a patient in whom selective mutism developed in adolescence. It was later discovered that he had dissociative identity disorder. The study documents his history, which included violence, abuse, and threats to keep silent. The study suggests that in cases presenting with significant trauma or abuse, selective mutism may be a manifestation of dissociative identity disorder.

Adolescent↗