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Biomedical subjects

T James

Publications and source records attributed to T James.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

History of medicine. Paulesco.

Nicolas Constantine Paulesco achieved the unrecognised distinction of proving that an unknown but constituent factor of the pancreas controls the physiological value of the blood-sugar of a normal animal and that its absence is the cause of diabetes mellitus. His research in this particular field of medicine was carried out on dogs and his proof was the culmination of years of experimental work of precursors, colleagues and himself. This great advance, perhaps equivalent in some respect to the discovery of the therapeutic virtue of penicillin, remains unacknowledged. An exposition of the facts attendant upon this neglect follows. The reader is left to draw his or her own conclusion regarding the award of the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1923.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1990

Absence of abundant binding sites for anesthetics in rabbit brain: an in vivo NMR study.

Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the authors tested whether cerebral concentrations of inhaled anesthetics do not increase proportionately at inspired concentrations exceeding 3% 1) because anesthetics bind to and saturate specific sites in the brain or 2) because anesthetic-induced depression of ventilation limits the increase in alveolar anesthetic partial pressure. New Zealand White rabbits were anesthetized with methohexital, 70% nitrous oxide, and local infiltration of 1% lidocaine. Cerebral concentrations of anesthetic were determined from 19F spectra acquired with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Inspired, end-tidal, and arterial anesthetic concentrations, and end-tidal and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide were measured. Blood/gas partition coefficients were determined and used to convert arterial anesthetic concentration to partial pressures. In seven spontaneously breathing animals, halothane (1%; n = 5) or isoflurane (0.8%; n = 2) was administered at a constant inspired concentration for 20 min; NMR spectra were acquired between 10 and 20 min. Thereafter, the inspired concentration was increased and the process repeated until apnea occurred. Two additional rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane and studied similarly but with higher inspired concentrations during mechanical ventilation. In spontaneously breathing animals, ventilatory depression occurred, documented by marked increases in PaCO2, and cerebral concentrations of anesthetic did not increase proportionately at inspired concentrations exceeding 3%. In contrast to an absence of a correlation of inspired and cerebral concentrations during spontaneous ventilation, arterial and cerebral concentrations correlated linearly during both spontaneous and mechanical ventilation (R2 greater than 0.969). These results are consistent with depression of ventilation, rather than binding to specific cerebral sites as an explanation for the nonlinear relationship between cerebral and inspired anesthetic concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

RAIN in Arkansas.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Neurosis or psychosis?

The management of patients who attend the surgery requesting psychotropic medication is complicated by the inadequate classification of neuroses and the difficulty in distinguishing between neurotic and psychotic depression. Moreover, patients have lives to lead and know that there is treatment available as they have often been given tablets before.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects of bicarbonate on arterial and brain intracellular pH in neonatal rabbits recovering from hypoxic lactic acidosis.

We used 31P spectroscopy to determine whether administration of a neutralizing dose of bicarbonate in rabbits with lactic acidosis caused a paradoxical brain intracellular acidosis. Ten 10- to 16-day-old rabbits were anesthetized with 0.75% halothane/oxygen and their lungs mechanically ventilated. Metabolic acidosis was induced by decreasing PaO2 to 25 to 35 mm Hg for 1 to 2 hours until the base deficit was 10 to 15 mEq/L. Cerebral ischemia was prevented by maintaining arterial blood pressure at +/- 20% of control value with a venous infusion of epinephrine. Hypoxia was then terminated by administration of 100% oxygen, which was continued for the remainder of the study. After 15 minutes 100% oxygen, 5 mEq/kg 4.2% bicarbonate was administered to five animals; 5 minutes later the same dose was repeated. Control rabbits were given equal volumes of saline solution. In all animals, arterial pH decreased from 7.43 +/- 0.06 to 7.25 +/- 0.08 (SE) during hypoxia, and brain intracellular pH from 7.22 +/- 0.06 to 7.09 +/- 0.09 (SE). Both pH values remained low during reoxygenation. Bicarbonate administration normalized arterial pH (7.41 +/- 0.03), whereas treatment with saline solution did not (7.23 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.05). PaCO2 rapidly increased by 10 mm Hg in the bicarbonate group, and remained elevated; it was unaffected by saline solution administration. Brain intracellular pH in the bicarbonate group increased by 0.12 U over 40 minutes, but intracellular pH in the saline solution group decreased 0.05 pH U (P less than 0.05) over the same period. We conclude that administering a total dose of 10 mEq/kg sodium bicarbonate to neonatal rabbits recovering from hypoxic lactic acidosis increases arterial pH, brain intracellular pH, and PaCO2; it does not produce paradoxical intracellular acidosis in the brain.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1987

The preventive effect of verapamil on ethanol-induced cardiac depression: phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and high-pressure liquid chromatographic studies of hamsters.

Alcoholic depression of left ventricular function was produced in normal hamsters by the administration of increasing concentrations of alcohol in drinking water (up to 50%) for 6 months. The result was assessed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of isolated perfused hearts and high-pressure liquid chromatography of freeze-clamped tissues. Hemodynamic data and myocardial oxygen consumption were also monitored. Alcoholic hamsters had significantly higher inorganic phosphate and lower ATP levels, while maintaining normal intracellular pH, phosphocreatine, and creatine. Although coronary flow and oxygen consumption were maintained at normal levels, hamsters ingesting 50% ethanol had significantly lower left ventricular developed pressure and dP/dt. Treatment with verapamil during long-term ethanol consumption prevented the development of these metabolic and functional abnormalities. It is hypothesized that alcohol produces membrane abnormalities leading to adverse ion flux, and that these are largely prevented by concurrent administration of verapamil.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Curiosa paediatrica X: precocious sternebral fusion.

The few reported cases of precocious sternebral fusion occurring in early childhood appear always to have been associated with other congenital physical abnormalities. The instance presented here was clinically without such association and its precocious appearance cannot be attributed to an aberrant embryological polyvalent induction.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Curiosa paediatrica II.

A small series of a dermal curiosity occurring in children is described. It appears not to have been presented heretofore in medical writings and certainly not in our South African medical literature. The constancy of its presentation suggests strongly a genetic localization for its origin (if not a fanciful one!) and the name foveae scapularum cutaneae bilaterales congenitae in true dermatological fashion is wholly descriptive, ponderous though it be for such light 'residua pennarum'!

Child↗