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Biomedical subjects

T K King

Publications and source records attributed to T K King.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Eating self-efficacy and weight cycling: a prospective clinical study.

Previous retrospective studies have not identified global psychosocial consequences of weight cycling. These lack of findings may be due to limitations associated with retrospective research or with using general psychological measures rather than weight-specific measures. This prospective study examined changes in a weight-specific measure, eating self-efficacy, using an obese clinical population who returned to a multidisciplinary weight management program subsequent to weight regain. Subjects did not demonstrate any change in eating self-efficacy despite experiencing weight loss and then weight regain. Individuals returning for treatment may be a select population, thus suggesting that there may not be negative psychological effects of weight cycling for all individuals. Implications for further research are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Body image evaluations in obese females with binge eating disorder.

Dimensions of body image in a sample of obese women diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED; N=42) were compared with a sample of obese women without BED (non-BED; N=42), matched on age and BMI. Additionally, the relationship between BED, body image and several dimensions of treatment response was examined. Results indicated BED women were more likely to negatively evaluate their global physical appearance and have less satisfaction with specific areas of the body than were non-BED women, even after controlling for depression scores. While BED women were significantly more likely to endorse depressive symptoms, depression scores were negatively correlated with body satisfaction in non-BED women only. BED women did not fare worse in formal weight-loss treatment, as measured by length of time in treatment, group-therapy attendance, or BMI at posttreatment. The role of body image in women with BED seeking weight-loss treatment is discussed relevant to the context of potential impact of BED and negative body image on active weight-loss treatment and maintenance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Predictors of exercise relapse in a college population.

Exercise improves physical and mental health. Nevertheless, most 20-year-olds do not exercise, and approximately 50% of the participants in exercise programs drop out in the first 3 to 6 months. In view of the health benefits of exercise, college health educators and clinicians need to be able to identify factors that predict exercise relapse in a student population. The authors administered questionnaires measuring Prochaska's 10 processes of change for exercise, self-efficacy, and decisional balance to 52 physically active undergraduate students. They assessed baseline exercise levels in October and reassessed them about 8 weeks later. At baseline, relapsers had significantly lower self-efficacy scores than those who maintained their exercise levels. The relapsers also had higher perceived negative views of exercise. These findings provide support for applying the transtheoretical model of behavioral change to a college population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The efficacy of exercise as an aid for smoking cessation in women: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Smoking prevalence rates among women are declining at a slower rate than among men. OBJECTIVE: To determine if exercise, a healthful alternative to smoking, enhances the achievement and maintenance of smoking cessation. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-one healthy, sedentary female smokers were randomly assigned to either a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation program with vigorous exercise (exercise) or to the same program with equal staff contact time (control). Subjects participated in a 12-session, group-based smoking cessation program. Additionally, exercise subjects were required to attend 3 supervised exercise sessions per week and control subjects were required to participate in 3 supervised health education lectures per week. Abstinence from smoking was based on self-report, was verified by saliva cotinine level, and was measured at 1 week after quit day (week 5), end of treatment (week 12), and 3 and 12 months later (20 and 60 weeks after quit day, respectively). RESULTS: Compared with control subjects (n = 147), exercise subjects (n = 134) achieved significantly higher levels of continuous abstinence at the end of treatment (19.4% vs 10.2%, P = .03) and 3 months (16.4% vs 8.2%, P=.03) and 12 months (11.9% vs 5.4%, P=.05) following treatment. Exercise subjects had significantly increased functional capacity (estimated VO2 peak, 25+/-6 to 28+/-6, P<.01) and had gained less weight by the end of treatment (3.05 vs 5.40 kg, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Vigorous exercise facilitates short- and longer-term smoking cessation in women when combined with a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation program. Vigorous exercise improves exercise capacity and delays weight gain following smoking cessation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Minority women and tobacco: implications for smoking cessation interventions.

Quitting smoking is the single most important preventive health behavior a woman can perform to significantly reduce her chances of morbidity and premature mortality. Minority women are an extremely important population to target for smoking cessation intervention. Rates and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and cancer are markedly higher among women of certain minority groups. In addition, smoking prevalence rates in women of some ethnic groups are elevated relative to the majority population of women, and specific groups have displayed slower rates of decline in smoking. Furthermore, minority women tend to have less access and appear to be less responsive to smoking cessation programs aimed at the majority culture. Thus, consideration of the practical and cultural needs of ethnic minority women is imperative when designing smoking intervention programs. This article describes the smoking behaviors of African-American, American Indian and Native Alaskan, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Hispanic women smokers, in order to gain a greater understanding of the treatment needs of these women. Information on prevalence rates and smoking patterns, barriers to quitting, and findings from intervention studies within each population are reviewed as well as recommendations for smoking cessation treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Perceived changes in sexual functioning and body image following weight loss in an obese female population: a pilot study.

This study assessed perceived changes in sexual behavior and body image after weight loss in a clinically obese population. Thirty-two women enrolled in a hospital-based multidisciplinary weight management program completed retrospective questionnaires about their sexual functioning and body image before and after weight loss. Subjects reported significant increases in the frequency of their sexual activity. Subjects also perceived significant improvements in their body image. These findings suggest that obese people experience positive changes in sexual functioning and body image after weight loss.

Body Image↗
PubMed1996

Theories and techniques for promoting physical activity behaviours.

The primary goal of this article is to review theoretical models utilised in designing physical activity interventions for healthy adults. Physical activity offers numerous benefits for improved physical and psychological health. However, the majority of the population is sedentary and therefore at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Many techniques have been developed for intervening with physical activity behaviours, some of which are based on theoretical models. While some of these models show more promise than others, no model is sufficient to thoroughly explain exercise behaviours or how to best intervene. In the final section, recommendations for future research are presented, and promising areas of development in physical activity interventions are discussed. This is not an exhaustive review of theoretical models but rather focuses on models most commonly applied to physical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Human alveolar macrophages produce leukotriene B4.

Human alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were labeled overnight with [3H]arachidonic acid. The cells were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187, and the 20:4 oxygenated metabolites released into the culture medium were identified by reverse-phase HPLC. Leukotriene B4 was the major 20:4 metabolite produced by these cultures. Leukotriene B4 was identified by its reverse-phase HPLC elution time, its UV spectrum, and its chemotactic and chemokinetic activities for neutrophils. In addition, the macrophage- and neutrophil-derived leukotriene B4 free acids and methyl esters were found to have identical HPLC retention times.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Diffusing capacity in idiopathic scoliosis and its interpretation regarding alveolar development.

We measured lung volumes, diffusing capacity by the single breath method (DL), membrane permeability (DM), and capillary blood volume (Vc) in 22 subjects with idiopathic scoliosis (mean angle of curvature, 66 degrees). Compared with an age-matched group, vital capacity, total lung capacity, and functional residual capacity were respectively, 21% (p less than 0.0001), 18% (p less than 0.01), and 15% (p less than 0.05) lower. The DL was 17% lower (p less than 0.01), but specific DL (DL divided by alveolar volume = DLVA) was the same. For both groups, DLVA was inversely correlated with VA. The same qualitative relationship existed between DM, Vc, their specific values, and VA except for a larger spread of Vc in the scoliotic group. The data show that DL and its components, DM and Vc, are normal in idiopathic scoliosis when reduced lung volumes are allowed for. These findings are consistent with partial failure of alveolar enlargement as a result of the thoracic deformity rather than any atrophy of the alveoli or pulmonary vasculature. Thus scoliosis results in a delay of lung development, such that in a group of symptomatic patients with moderate degrees of deformity (mean angle of curvature, 66 degrees), lung volumes and DL are about 80% of that of an age-matched control group; the alveolar characteristics of a 12-yr-old with scoliosis are therefore similar to those of a 9-yr-old normal child.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Relief of hypoxia-related bronchoconstriction by breathing 30 per cent oxygen.

Airway resistance decreases when hypoxemic subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) breathe 30% O2. To verify this finding and to localize the site of action of O2, flow-volume curves on air and helium-O2 mixtures were obtained before and after subjects breathed 30% O2. Patients with COPD and hypoxemia showed an increase in flow rates and a decrease in the density dependence of flow while breathing 30% O2. Atropine produced a similar change in flow rates and density dependence, but then no further change occurred with 30% O2. Five control subjects with COPD, who performed the same sequence of tests without breathing 30% O2, showed no change in flow rates or density dependence. Normal control subjects also showed no change in flow rates or density dependence while breathing 30% O2. Breathing 30% O2, relieves hypoxia-induced bronchoconstriction and appears to act on large airways.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: an unusual cause of acute respiratory failure.

A 75-year-old man developed dyspnea, cough, peripheral radiographic infiltrates, eosinophilia, and severe hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation. An open lung biopsy revealed chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, and the patient recovered with corticosteroid therapy. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is a disease that should be included in the different diagnosis of treatable causes of acute respiratory failure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Oxygen concentration from room air. A new source for oxygen therapy in the home.

Most oxygen concentrators use molecular sieves that selectively adsorb molecules according to their size and polarity. Their present rental cost is about half that of the traditional oxygen tanks or liquid-oxygen systems. Two concentrators have been tested. They are able to produce both high oxygen concentrations (95% oxygen at 2 L/min) and high flow rates (10 L/min with 40% oxygen), which remained stable for one week. After 24 hours of continuous use, neither machine concentrated toxic gases from room air in a city. Both were suitable for use with 24% and 28% Venturi masks.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of massive hemoptysis by combined occlusion of pulmonary and bronchial arteries.

Massive, life-threatening hemoptysis occurred in a patient with left upper lobe bronchiectasis secondary to old tuberculosis. Selective left bronchial arteriography showed extravasation of contrast medium in the bronchiectatic area. A marked decrease in hemoptysis occurred after selective left bronchial arterial embolization. Complete cessation of bleeding followed the inflation of a Swan-Ganz balloon catheter that had been placed in the left main pulmonary artery.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Potentiation of pulmonary vasoconstrictor response with repeated intermittent hypoxia.

To determine the consistency of the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia, dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated alternately with air and 10% oxygen. Catheters were placed in the pulmonary artery for measurement of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac output and in the femoral artery for monitoring systemic blood pressure and arterial blood gases. Arterial PCO2 and pH were kept at steady levels throughout by ventilating the dogs with a respirator so that only the isolated effect of hypoxia on the pulmonary vasculature was studied. It was found that there was a progressive rise in the PAP with repeated exposure to the same hypoxic stimulus. In 12 dogs, the mean increase in the PAP was 28% above the base line on the 1st hypoxic exposure, rising to 99% by the 10th exposure over the course of 5 h. It was concluded that interpretation of action of agents blocking or enhancing the hypoxic response must take into account this inherent potentiation of the response on repeated exposure to hypoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Alveolar-capillary CO2 and O2 gradients due to uneven hematocrits.

The effect of uneven hematocrit of the blood perfusing the different pulmonary capillaries on gas exchange in the lung was studied in vitro. Venous blood was separated anaerobically into plasma and red cell fractions, arterialized in separate tonometers, and finally reconstituted anaerobically. This simulated the effect of complete separation of plasma and red cells on pulmonary gas exchange. The reconstituted blood had a significantly higher carbon dioxide tension and a lower oxygen tension compared with whole blood similarly arterialized. Experiments in which plasma and red cells were incompletely separated yielded qualitatively similar results; the changes in gas tensions were smaller but still significant. While the degree and extent of separation of plasma and red cells in the pulmonary capillary in vivo is uncertain, direct observation and hemodynamic consideration suggest it must occur to some extent. Thus unevenness in the hematocrit of the perfusing pulmonary capillary blood is a mechanism in the genesis of the alevolar-arterial gradients which should be considered in addition to the known mechanisms of uneven ventilation-perfusion ratios and diffusion defects.

Carbon Dioxide↗