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T K Padmanabhan

Publications and source records attributed to T K Padmanabhan.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evaluation of the role of radiotherapy in the management of carcinoma of the buccal mucosa.

Carcinoma of the buccal mucosa is the commonest intraoral malignancy in south India. This article concerns the results of radiotherapy in cancer of the buccal mucosa. Radiotherapy was used as the first line of management in this series and surgery was reserved for failures even though very few patients opted for salvage surgery. Of the 234 evaluable patients, 42% survived disease-free at the end of 3 years with radiotherapy alone. Eighty-five percent of the patients with Stage I, 63% with Stage II, 41% with Stage III, and 15% with Stage IV disease survived disease-free at 3 years. With radium implant and small-volume beam-directed external radiotherapy, the survival rates were similar (62% versus 64%). The results of external radiation in advanced disease were dismal. Persistent disease after radiotherapy was a serious problem in advanced stages, especially in view of nonacceptance of salvage surgery by a significant proportion of patients. The most effective way of improving cure rates in cancer of the buccal mucosa seems to be early detection.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Oral verrucous carcinoma. Treatment with radiotherapy.

Fifty-two cases of oral verrucous carcinoma treated with radiotherapy at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India in 1982 were evaluated to determine the distribution within the oral cavity, clinical extent, and effectiveness of radiotherapy in controlling the disease. The most common site was the buccal mucosa. Fifty percent of the patients had clinically negative regional lymph nodes and 33% were in earlier stages (T1, T2, N0, and M0). The overall 3-year no evidence of disease (NED) survival rate was 44%. The 3-year NED survival rate with radium implant was 86%. We cannot comment on anaplastic transformation after radiotherapy because our treatment failures have not been subjected for biopsy concerning this matter. Because the results are comparable with those of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, we think that the treatment policies advocated for oral squamous cell carcinoma are also applicable to oral verrucous carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Immune function in malignant cervical neoplasia: a multiparameter analysis.

Immunological assessment was carried out in 67 patients with various stages and histological grades of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and compared with normal controls to discover whether any of these parameters could be used as an indicator of the patient's clinical status. The results show a gross impairment of the various lymphocyte subpopulations and anti-tumor immunity. This impairment was more pronounced in patients with high tumor load and having a histology of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. None of the parameters studied (total leukocyte numbers, lymphocyte subpopulations, leukocyte adherence inhibition test, natural killer cell activity, circulating immune complexes, and blocking effect of autologous serum) could be used as a clinical indicator, since no correlation could be noted between immune impairment and either the lymphocyte subpopulations or the circulating immune complexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Natural cytotoxicity and serum blocking in malignant cervical neoplasia.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 100 patients with various stages and histological types of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were assayed for natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 cells using the single cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose. The effect of autologous serum on NK cell activity and a quantitation of soluble antigen-antibody complexes was also carried out. The cancer patients showed reduced NK activity compared with normal controls, the reduction increasing with tumor load. Another observation was that patients with poorly differentiated tumours showed lower levels of NK activity. Addition of autologous serum resulted in further depression of NK activity in all groups of patients. An increase in circulating immune complexes was also evident in all groups of patients. Here again increase in tumor load and poorly differentiated tumors showed the highest levels. The results point toward a possible disturbance in NK cell activity that could be further depressed by autologous serum factors.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1988

Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer--immune responses.

Investigations were carried out to assess the effect of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy on the immune response of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Parameters assessed were leukocyte migration inhibition, response to PPD and oral cancer extract (OCA), lymphocyte transformation to PHA, circulating antibodies to OCA and circulating immune complexes (CIC). Comparisons were made between groups receiving levamisole (L), those receiving placebo (P) and normal controls. The results of a thirty-month follow-up are presented. Radiotherapy resulted in a depression of cell-mediated functions, reduction in antibody titer also showed a gradual increase with time of follow-up. Levamisole, however, appeared to reduce the levels of CIC.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1988

Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer. II. Lymphocyte subpopulations.

The effect of radiotherapy and adjuvant levamisole immunotherapy on the lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. Comparisons were made between the groups receiving levamisole, those receiving placebo and normal healthy controls. Results of a thirty-month follow-up are reported. Radiotherapy caused leukopenia and lymphopenia affecting all the subsets (T, B, TG, and TM), T lymphocytes were affected to a greater extent. This study demonstrates that levamisole does hasten the restoration of T lymphocytes, with the TM lymphocytes showing a faster repopulation in comparison to the TG lymphocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Monoclonal antibody defined phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cancer of the uterine cervix.

Immunological phenotypes of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of 100 patients with different stages and histologies of cancer of the uterine cervix were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and F(ab)2 fragments of antihuman immunoglobulin. The T lymphocyte population was decreased in advanced cases of the cancer along with a rise in the B cell numbers. The OKT4+ cells generally showed a decrease in the cancer patients in contrast to the increase shown by the OKT8+ cells. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was altered in this cancer except in patients with stages I and IIA. In terms of histology, the poorly differentiated tumors showed a higher imbalance of the cellular composition when compared to the well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumor-bearing patients. These findings point toward a possible alteration in the immune effector cells of these cancer-bearing patients.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Role of levamisole immunotherapy as an adjuvant to radiotherapy in oral cancer. I. A three-year clinical follow up.

Eighty-two patients with squamous cells carcinoma of the oral cavity belonging to stages T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 were randomized to receive either levamisole or placebo therapy following conventional radiotherapy. Oral levamisole, at 150 mg daily doses for three consecutive days, was given once every two weeks. The patients were followed-up for three years and the results reported. Levamisole appears to have some beneficial effect in prolonging the disease-free interval of these patients (44% in the levamisole group compared to 32% in the placebo group after 30 months of therapy). This, however, did not have any effect of the metastatic potential of the tumors. The effects of levamisole on peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphocytes were more promising. The restoration of leukopenia and lymphopenia observed after radiotherapy was faster in the levamisole group when compared to the placebo group.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗