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Biomedical subjects

T Kametani

Publications and source records attributed to T Kametani.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[A case of lung cancer with hypercalcemia and renal failure responsive to pamidronate].

A 46-year-old man was diagnosed as Stage IV lung cancer with neck lymph node and bilateral adrenal metastases. He was treated with seven courses of combined chemotherapy (CDDP + etoposide), until he showed extreme hypercalcemia and acute renal failure. The bisphosphonate, pamidronate with elcatonin and prednisolone dramatically lowered his serum calcium level and normalized his renal function. This is a representative case of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy whose serum calcium could be safely and effectively controlled with pamidronate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rate in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

The initial rate of lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase and serum concentration of lipids were determined in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid subjects. In hyperthyroid subjects, the serum levels of total and free cholesterol were significantly lower than in normal subjects and the fractional lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rate was significantly higher than in normal subjects. The molar lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rate was also higher than in normal subjects, but not significantly. The free cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in hypothyroid females and the serum levels of triglyceride and free fatty acid in hypothyroid male were significantly higher than in normal subjects. The fractional lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rates in hypothyroid females were significantly lower than in normal females. After treatment of the thyroid disease the fractional and molar lecithin: cholestorol cholesterol acyl transfer rate approached the normal values. There was a positive correlation between fractional and molar lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer rate and thyroxine. These results suggest that thyroid hormone influences the cholesterol esterification through the activation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Intermediate-density lipoprotein and cholesterol-rich very low density lipoprotein in angiographically determined coronary artery disease.

The relationship between the concentrations of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and other lipoproteins and the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in 182 consecutive patients evaluated by selective coronary cineangiography. On univariate analysis, the extent of CAD correlated significantly and positively with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, IDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Analysis of four subgroups divided by IDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels indicated that moderately increased levels of IDL cholesterol were closely associated with a high frequency of CAD. Moreover, multi-variate regression analysis demonstrated that IDL cholesterol for men, LDL cholesterol for men and women and HDL cholesterol for men were significant variables of use in the final weighting procedure. IDL cholesterol was closely associated with cholesterol-rich VLDL. This study shows that IDL and cholesterol-rich VLDL combine to contribute to the development of CAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of ML-236b (compactin) on sterol synthesis and low density lipoprotein receptor activities in fibroblasts of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

We studied biochemical genetics of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutations in fibroblasts from six homozygous and five heterozygous patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Three of six homozygotes are receptor-negative type and the other three homozygotes are receptor-defective type. In the cells from three receptor-negative homozygotes, the receptor binding, internalization, and degradation of (125)I-LDL were 0.5+/-0.3 ng/mg protein (mean+/-SEM), 14+/-8 and 8+/-6 ng/mg protein per 6 h (four normal cells; 44+/-3, 386+/-32, and 1,335+/-214 ng/mg protein per 6 h), respectively. In the cells from three receptor-defective homozygotes, the receptor binding, internalization, and degradation of (125)I-LDL were 6+/-2, 29+/-8, and 90+/-32 ng/mg protein per 6 h, respectively. In these six homozygotes, two pairs of siblings are included. Two siblings in the same family were classified as receptor-negative and two siblings in another family were classified as receptor-defective. The receptor-negative phenotypes and the receptor-defective phenotypes bred true in individual families. The cells from five heterozygotes showed approximately 46% of the normal activities of receptor.ML-236B, competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), completely inhibited the incorporation of [(14)C]acetate into digitonin-precipitable sterols in fibroblasts from normal subjects and heterozygous and homozygous patients with FH with the concentration of 0.5 mug/ml. However, at 0.05 mug/ml of ML-236B sterol synthesis in fibroblasts from homozygotes was not completely suppressed in contrast to normal and heterozygous cells. Moreover, after preincubation with 0.05 mug/ml of ML-236B for 24 h in medium containing lipoproteins, sterol synthesis in the cells from receptor-negative homozygote showed 75% of the initial activity compared with that of 25% without preincubation. In the cells from a normal subject and a heterozygote, sterol synthesis was inhibited even after preincubation. These results suggest that (a) the inhibitory effect of ML-236B is overcome in homozygote cells by their high intracellular levels of HMG-CoA reductase and (b) that a higher dose of ML-236B may be required to lower serum cholesterol levels in FH homozygotes than in heterozygotes.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the synthesis of chemotherapeutics. 10. Synthesis and antitumor activity of N-acyl- and N-(alkoxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil derivatives.

A number of N-acyl and N-(alkoxycarbonyl)-5-fluorouracil derivatives possessing, for example, benzoyl, o-toluyl, acetyl, propionyl, heptanoyl, ethoxycarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, and benzyloxycarbonyl groups as N1 and/or N3 substituents were synthesized, and their antitumor activities were evaluated. The synthesis was achieved by a direct and two-step acylation of 5-fluorouracil and by selective N1-deacetylation of N1-acetyl-N3-substituted-5-fluorouracil under appropriate reaction conditions. Several N3-benzoyl- and N3-o-toluyl-5-fluorouracil derivates and showed significant activity against experimental tumor, and N1-acetyl-N3-o-toluyl-5-fluorouracil was found to be most promising among them. Further investigation revealed 12 to retain higher activity toward various tumors, with lower toxicity and good blood level, than either 1 or FT-207, even for oral administration.

Animals↗