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Biomedical subjects

T Kanamoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanamoto.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Surface hydrophobicity, adherence, and aggregation of cell surface protein antigen mutants of Streptococcus mutans serotype c.

The pac gene of the serotype c strain Streptococcus mutans MT8148 encodes a cell surface protein antigen (PAc) of approximate 190 kilodaltons. The serotype c strain S. mutans GS-5 does not produce the 190-kilodalton PAc but produces a lower-molecular-weight protein that reacts with anti-PAc serum. The SphI-BamHI fragment of the pac gene was ligated with the S. mutans-Escherichia coli shuttle vector pSA3. The chimeric shuttle vector was transformed into strain GS-5, and two transformants (TK15 and TK18) were isolated. These transformants produced a large amount of cell-free and cell-bound PAc of 190 kilodaltons. No plasmid was isolated from these transformants, and the EcoRI fragments of their chromosomal DNA hybridized with the erythromycin resistance gene in the shuttle vector DNA, indicating insertion of the chimeric shuttle vector DNA into the chromosomal DNA. The cell hydrophobicity of strains TK15 and TK18 as well as PAc-defective mutants constructed by inserting an erythromycin resistance gene into the pac gene of strain MT8148 was analyzed. Strains MT8148, TK15, and TK18 were hydrophobic. On the other hand, strain GS-5 and PAc-defective MT8148 transformants were hydrophilic. Resting cells of the hydrophobic strains attached in larger numbers to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite than did the hydrophilic strains. Human whole saliva induced the aggregation of cells of the hydrophobic strains but not that of cells of the hydrophilic strains. These results suggest that cell surface PAc of S. mutans serotype c participates in attachment of the streptococcal cell to experimental pellicles.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Oral immunization with recombinant Streptococcus lactis carrying the Streptococcus mutans surface protein antigen gene.

A recombinant Streptococcus lactis strain which carries the structural gene for a surface protein antigen (PAc) of 190,000 daltons from Streptococcus mutans serotype c was constructed for development of an oral vaccine against dental caries. The gene from S. mutans MT8148 joined to shuttle vector pSA3 was successfully transformed into S. lactis IL1403. A small amount of PAc was detected in the cell homogenate and cytoplasmic fraction of the recombinant S. lactis, but not in the culture supernatant of the recombinant, by Western immunoblotting and dot immunoblotting. The level of PAc-specific mRNA in the recombinant strain was lower than that in S. mutans MT8148. However, significant salivary immunoglobulin A and serum immunoglobulin G responses to PAc were induced in mice immunized orally with the recombinant S. lactis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in neonatal infections].

Ten patients with infections (8 neonates and 2 infants) were treated with 10.2 mg/10.2 mg/kg-37.7 mg/37.7 mg/kg of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) b.i.d. or t.i.d. by a 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. The plasma concentrations of IPM/CS were determined in 5 of the 10 patients and in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 patient of the 5. 1. The patients studied included 5 with pneumonia and 1 each with urinary tract infection, omphalitis, suspected meningitis, periproctal abscess and suspected septicemia. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 9 patients: the patient with suspected meningitis was excluded from the clinical evaluation because the infection was doubtfully due to bacteria. Responses were excellent in 4 and good in 5 patients. No patient with a poor response was observed. All of the 6 etiological isolates obtained from 5 patients (2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 1 each of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Bacteroides fragilis) were eradicated. 2. As for side effects, rash was observed in 1 patient and petechiae accompanied by decreases in platelets and reticulocytes and increases in GOT and GPT were observed in another. Other abnormal laboratory test values in addition to the above abnormalities consisted of an increase in GPT in 1 patient and increases in GOT and GPT in another. These side effects and abnormalities in laboratory test values were mild and normalized after discontinuation or completion of IPM/CS administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefotiam during the perinatal period in pregnant women].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefotiam (CTM) were carried out in pregnant women. The results obtained are summarized below. The concentration of CTM in amniotic fluid increased gradually up to 14.7 micrograms/ml at 4.5 hours after administration and gradually declined thereafter. This amniotic fluid concentration was sufficiently higher than reported MIC90's of CTM against E. coli strains. Passages of CTM to embryo, fetus and fetal appendages were minimal. The passage of CTM to milk was minimal. The CTM was used in the treatment of 6 pregnant patients with pyelonephritis and unknown fever and 1 with puerperal pyelonephritis. Clinical responses were positive in 85.7% (6/7). The CTM was used 7 patients with rupture of the membrane and 2 patients with operation for the purpose of prophylaxis and it was effective in 77.8% (7/9). Neither noteworthy adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory data in our patients or neonates were observed throughout the studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of latamoxef during the peripaturient period].

The concentrations of latamoxef (LMOX) in maternal serum, fetal cord serum and amniotic fluid were measured simultaneously at various times after administration to parturient women. The drug concentrations in fetal cord serum taken from 11 minutes to 12 hours and 37 minutes after administration ranged from 1.1 to 16 micrograms/ml. At the points from 3 to 5 hours after administration the maximum level of LMOX seems to be attained there. LMOX in amniotic fluid was increasing gradually to be attained 21.0 micrograms/ml as the peak concentration at 5 hours after administration. Thereafter, it began to decrease very slowly, 6.9 micrograms/ml was still kept in amniotic fluid at 19 hours after. These findings lead expectation that the effective concentration to mainly recognized pathogens from obstetrical and gynecological infections was kept in amniotic fluid through 19 hours or more. LMOX was given to each 4 peripartal and puerperal infections and 11 patients with premature rupture of the membranes for the purpose of prophylaxis. All cases showed effective responses clinically and bacteriologically. Neither noteworthy adverse reactions nor laboratory data abnormalities were caused throughout the studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime during the perinatal period in pregnant women].

Fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime (CTX) were carried out in pregnant women. The following results were obtained. CTX was more rapidly eliminated from the serum of pregnant women than that of adult males. Urinary excretion of CTX in pregnant women was comparable to that in nonpregnant women and adult males. Passage of CTX to the embryo, fetus and fetal appendages was minimal. Peak amniotic fluid concentration (9.8 mcg/ml) was attained at 3.5 hours after administration of CTX and gradually declined thereafter. This amniotic fluid concentration was sufficiently higher than reported MIC90 of CTX against E. coli strains. CTX was used in the treatment of 6 pregnant patients with acute pyelonephritis and 2 with puerperal infections. The bacteriological and clinical responses were both 100%. Since passage of CX into the amniotic fluid is favorable, CTX can be expected to be effective for the prophylaxis of intrauterine amniotic infection associated with early rupture of the membrane. CTX was used in the treatment of a neonate with purulent meningitis. The clinical response was effective. CTX did not cause any noteworthy adverse reactions or laboratory data abnormalities in our patients or neonates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Virtual CT colectomy by three-dimensional imaging using multidetector-row CT for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been attracting attention for its capacity to improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients. However, there are disadvantages to this approach, namely, it is difficult to obtain an image of the entire view of the operative field, and organs and lesions cannot be manipulated directly by the surgeon during surgery. For this reason, it takes a relatively large amount of time to ligate vessel, which can vary between patients. Furthermore, vessels and organs can be damaged during lymph nodes dissection under laparoscopic guidance, leading to heavy bleeding that prevents the surgeon from having access to a good view of the operative field. Then, to assess preoperatively the vascular anatomy, we carried out multiphase, contrast-enhanced examinations using multidetector-row CT (MDCT) on patients with colorectal cancer, and prepared the fused image of 3D images of arteries, veins, the colorectum, organs, and tumor. We called the utilization of 3D imaging virtual CT colectomy, which contributed to rapid and safe manipulation of the origins of the arteries and the veins, as well as lymph nodes dissection, without incurring injury to the involved arteries and veins.

Colectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of extraocular muscle enlargement in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate extraocular muscle enlargement (EME) in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. METHODS: EME was assessed by orbital computed tomography (CT) in 573 patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy in order to investigate the frequency and exact location of EME and the clinical features of related ocular symptoms in patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. RESULTS: Of the 573 patients examined, 187 patients (38%) showed evidence of EME on CT images. This disorder was more frequent in male patients than in female patients. EME was also more frequently seen in older patients than in younger patients. Enlargement of a single muscle was found in 55% of the 187 patients, with the most frequently affected muscle being the inferior rectus muscle. When multiple muscles were enlarged, the inferior rectus muscle was the most frequently affected, followed by the medial rectus muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Of the clinical findings specific to dysthyroid ophthalmopathy examined in the present study, the incidence of exophthalmos, upper lid swelling, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, keratitis, diplopia, and dysthyroid optic neuropathy was significantly increased in patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, indicating a close relationship between these findings and the underlying disease, but the incidence of upper lid retraction was not significantly increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diverse biological activity of polycaphenol.

Millimolar concentrations of alkaline extract of Cacao husk (polycaphenol) were more cytotoxic to human oral tumor cells (human oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC-2, human salivary gland tumor HSG), than to human gingival fibroblast (HGF), suggesting its tumor-specific action. Polycaphenol enhanced the radical intensity and cytotoxic activity of vitamin K3 more effectively than that of sodium ascorbate (vitamin C). Polycaphenol effectively scavenged the superoxide anion, produced by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction, indicating bimodal (prooxidant and antioxidant) action of polycaphenol. Polycaphenol inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection in MT-4 cells, to a comparable extent as that achieved by lignin. Pretreatment of mice with polycaphenol protected them from lethal infection of Eschericia coli. These data suggest the medicinal efficacy of polycaphenol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antioxidative activity of Allium victorialis L. extracts.

Allium victorialis L. (Liliaceae, "Hon-Gyoujya Nin-Niku" in Japanese) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol and the extracts were further separated into a total of twenty-five fractions by silica gel and ODS column chromatographies. The biological activities of these four extracts and 25 column fractions were compared. The cytotoxic activity of all extracts and fractions against two oral tumor cell lines was significantly higher than that against normal human gingival fibroblasts, suggesting their tumor-specific action. Three methanol column fractions [M2, M3, M6] and a 70% methanol column fraction [70M6] most effectively reversed the multidrug resistance (MDR) against L5178 mouse T cell lymphoma. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy showed that methanol column fractions and 70% methanol extracts produced the highest amount of radical(s) and most efficiently scavenging O2*-, generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine reaction system, suggesting that the same substances in these fractions display both prooxidant and antioxidant properties. They showed no anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or anti-Helicobacterpylori activity. These data suggest the medicinal efficacy of Allium victorialis extract.

Allium↗