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Biomedical subjects

T Kariya

Publications and source records attributed to T Kariya.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of B-mercaptoethanol on the viability of IVM/IVF/IVC bovine embryos during long-distance transportation in plastic straws.

Experiments were conducted to assess the effect of beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME) on the quality and viability of bovine blastocysts derived from in-vitro culture (IVC) of in-vitro matured and fertilized (TVM-IVF) oocytes during their transport between 2 distant places. Follicular oocytes were collected from ovaries obtained at a slaughterhouse and were cultured for 20 to 21 h in modified TCM-199. The IVM oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Fertilized oocytes were cultured for 7 d, and embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage were used for the experiments. The blastocysts, packed in straws with transportation medium that consisted of modified TCM-199 with HEPES equilibrated in air and supplemented with 20 % calf serum and 0, 10, 50, 100 or 150 microM beta-ME, were transported at 37 degrees C from Tokyo to Sapporo by air (18.3 h). The quality of blastocysts was assessed and ranked as excellent (A), good (B), fair (C) or poor (D) after transportation. The percentages of blastocysts ranked as A or B were significantly higher (P < 0.05) when the embryos were transported in beta-ME supplemented medium (80 to 100%) than when transported without beta-ME (54 %). Blastocysts ranked as A or B after transportation in medium with or without 150 microM beta-ME were nonsurgically transferred to synchronous recipients; 60 d after embryo transfer, 21/36 and 19/35 cows, respectively, were diagnosed as pregnant by palpation per rectum. These results indicate that beta-ME maintains the quality of bovine blastocysts in plastic straws for several hours without control of CO2 and that the concentration of beta-ME used in this experiment is not detrimental to the blastocysts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

Predictors of fall-related injuries among community-dwelling elderly people with dementia.

To determine the annual incidence of fall-related injuries among community-dwelling elderly people with dementia and to identify the factors predicting those likely to sustain such injuries, we conducted a cohort study with a one-year follow-up. As predicting factors, we paid particular attention to behavioural problems and difficulties in helping with activities of daily living based on the Assessment of Basic Care for the Demented (ABCD) scale. Thirty-five of 86 final study subjects and nine of 98 final control subjects sustained fall-related injuries. Significant factors associated with fall-related injuries to demented elderly subjects were ABCD score (adjusted odds ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.89), history of falls in the past year (3.65, 1.34-9.95), and Barthel index score (1.04, 1.00-1.08). This highlights the predictive value of better physical function but more difficult care status in relation to ADL for fall-related injuries.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of dementia and distribution of ApoE alleles in Japanese centenarians: an almost-complete survey in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and types of dementia in centenarians and to examine whether the ApoE epsilon 4 allele has significant impact on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study and a 6-month prospective study. SETTING: Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven centenarians participated in the study to determine the prevalence and types of dementia. Thirty-three of the 47 participated in the study of ApoE genotyping. As controls, 224 demented older adults participated in the genetic study. Their age at onset was < 90 years. OUTCOMES: Prevalence of dementia based on DSM-III-R; types of dementia based on NINCDS-ADRDA and ICD-10; distribution on ApoE alleles in the centenarians and in the controls; and the 6-month mortality rate of the subjects. MAIN RESULTS: Of 47 centenarians, 70.2% had dementia, and AD accounted for the majority (75.8%) of the dementia cases. The distribution of ApoE alleles in all the subjects and the AD subjects was epsilon 2: 4.6% vs. 0%; epsilon 3: 90.1% vs. 94.1%; epsilon 4: 4.6% vs. 5.9%. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele in the AD patients showed a tendency to decrease with increasing age, ranging from 38% for those with an age at onset of < 60 years to 22% for those with an age at onset of ranging from 80 to 89 years. The 6-month mortality rate was 27% (9/33) for the demented centenarians, whereas none of the 14 nondemented centenarians died. CONCLUSION: This almost-complete survey, conducted in a prefecture of Japan, revealed a high prevalence of dementia in centenarians. The ApoE epsilon 4 allele does not have an impact on the development of AD in centenarians.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Effect of a phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine, on the alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in the hypothalamus in rats.

This study examines the in vivo effects of 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine (DCMB), a centrally active phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitor, on alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Sixty-six rats received either DCMB, SKF29661, the peripheral PNMT inhibitor, at a dose of 50 mg/kg or saline intraperitoneally. To examine the functional responses of the alpha 2-adrenoceptors to these drugs, changes in spontaneous locomotor activity, concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in dialysates from the hypothalamus, and the influence of clonidine on growth hormone (GH) secretion were investigated. (1) DCMB increased spontaneous motion of the rat. (2) DCMB increased extracellular MHPG concentration in the hypothalamus verified by micro-brain dialysis. (3) Clonidine failed to stimulate GH secretion in DCMB-treated rats. These results suggest that DCMB has an inhibitory action on the alpha 2-adrenoceptor function in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor, CGS19281A, on the alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in the hypothalamus of rats in comparison with SKF29661, SKF64139 and yohimbine.

CGS19281A, a phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) inhibitor, is reported not to inhibit alpha-2-adrenoceptor activity, in vitro. Effects of CGS19281A on the hypothalamic alpha-2-adrenoceptor function were studied in vivo in male Wistar rats. Agents used as controls were SKF29661, which is a selective peripheral PNMT inhibitor, SKF64139, a PNMT inhibitor that inhibits equally both alpha-2-adrenoceptor activity and PNMT, and yohimbine, an alpha-2-adrenoceptor inhibitor that does not inhibit PNMT. Following the administration of PNMT inhibitors, hypothalamic 3-methoxy 4-hydroxy phenylglycol (MHPG) was measured during micro brain dialysis to observe its fluctuations. Effects of PNMT inhibitors on growth hormone (GH) secretion caused by clonidine were examined in order to assess the effects of PNMT inhibitors on postsynaptic alpha-2-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus. Neither saline nor the peripherally active PNMT inhibitor SKF29661 (50 mg/kg) increased hypothalamic MHPG. Both SKF64139 (50 mg/kg) and yohimbine (5 mg/kg) increased MHPG significantly when compared with SKF29661. There was no significant increase in MHPG after the administration of CGS19281A (20 mg/kg). Blood GH increased 30 min after clonidine was administered. While CGS19281A (20 mg/kg), SKF64139 (50 mg/kg) and yohimbine (5 mg/kg) inhibited GH secretion, the peripherally active PNMT inhibitor SKF29661 (50 mg/kg) did not. These results suggest that CGS19281A has an in vivo inhibitory effect on the clonidine induced GH secretion. This may be due to inhibition of adrenaline synthesis by this agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Tuberculous tenosynovitis in the elbow joint.

A 74-year-old woman was noted to have a mass lesion near the right elbow joint during medication for pulmonary tuberculosis. After discontinuation of medication, the mass gradually became enlarged with swelling and tenderness of the joint. Radiological evaluation disclosed tenosynovitis with an encapsulated abscess. Microscopic examination and culture of an aspiration biopsy specimen from the abscess showed no microorganisms. However, DNA extracted from the specimen contained mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, permitting a diagnosis of tuberculous tenosynovitis. Mycobacterium is not always detected in biopsy specimens of tuberculous arthritis and tenosynovitis. In such cases, genetic diagnosis may be of great use.

Abscess↗
PubMed1995

Freemartinism among singleton bovine females born from multiple embryo transfer.

Heterosexual chimerism among singleton females produced by multiple nonsexed embryo transfer (MNET singleton females) was investigated using chromosome typing and PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-amplification of male-specific DNA (msDNA). Of the 22 animals tested, 21 were classified as normal by both methods (i.e., showing no male cells among 100 metaphase spreads in chromosome typing and being msDNA negative in PCR). No morphological abnormalities of the genital organs were observed among 19 MNET single females. One MNET singleton female was, however, classified as a freemartin by PCR (male-specific DNA positive), but it was classified as normal cytogenetically. This individual probably had a low degree of heterosexual chimerism, and it seems that the chimerism derived from MNET was difficult to diagnose by chromosome typing, although it was detectable by PCR. The genital organs of this individual (15-mo-old Aberdeen Angus) were normal in form (both external and internal) and size. However, a very small structure, resembling seminiferous tubule, was found in the left ovary. It may be concluded that most MNET singleton females are expected to have normal reproductive function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Influence of nocodazole on the development of donor blastomeres from 16-cell stage bovine embryos in nuclear transfer.

The aim of the present study was to establish a reliable procedure with nocodazole treatment for the synchronous cleavage of blastomeres of bovine embryos used as nuclear donors for nuclear transfer. Sixteen-cell stage embryos derived from in vitro-maturation, fertilization and culture were used. In three initial experiments, embryos were incubated in mTCM-199+FCS with various concentrations (0-20 microM) of nocodazole under 5% CO2 in air. The concentrations required to arrest the blastomeres in the mitotic phase were examined. The effects of 10 microM nocodazole were also examined by observation of the division rate of blastomeres after the removal of nocodazole. Ninety percent (90%) of the blastomeres were arrested in the mitotic phase when embryos were exposed to 10 and 20 microM nocodazole. Exposure to 10 microM nocodazole had the highest blastomere-cleavage rate (47%). When the exposure period to 10 microM nocodazole was prolonged to 36 hr, the division rate of the blastomeres decreased. Furthermore, the effects of 2 culture conditions (mTCM-199 under 5% CO2 in air vs modified synthetic oviduct fluid medium under 5% CO2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2) were compared on the division rate of blastomeres of embryos exposed to 10 microM nocodazole for 12 hr. When the embryos were exposed to nocodazole in mSOF, the division rate of blastomeres was improved to about 60%. The blastomeres produced by this treatment condition were used as nuclear donors and the developmental potential of the reconstituted embryos was investigated. The developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was 30.1% (58/193). Five embryos were transferred to 5 recipient cows and 2 of the 5 recipients (40%) became pregnant. Subsequently, one normal calf was born.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Sleep spindle frequency changes during the menstrual cycle.

Five healthy adult women aged 20 to 28 had 12-15 polysomnographic recordings, as well as daily basal body temperature and multiple LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone measurements taken during a single menstrual cycle. Sleep stages were scored both visually and with a spindle and delta-wave, real-time, automatic analysing system. A cubic growth-curve model showed that the frequency of sleep spindles changed markedly over the menstrual cycle: spindle frequency was lowest about 18 days before onset of menses and highest 3 days before onset of menses. Slow waves did not change. The percentages of Stage 1 and REM sleep showed small changes during the menstrual cycle, and other parameters of visually scored sleep showed no tendency to change. Spindle frequency may reflect the effects of sex hormones on the reticular thalamic nucleus and may be a quantitative marker of premenstrual sleep disturbances.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Etiology of affective disorders].

We discussed mainly neurochemical etiology of affective disorders (A.D.). Neurochemically, decreased 5-HT uptake in the platelet, increased 5-HT2 receptor in the platelet and cortex of suicides, increased beta receptor in the brains of suicide, functional abnormality of alpha 2 receptor in clonidine, DMI test, GABAB receptor up-regulation after chronic administration of antidepressants and mood stabilizers, participation of neuropeptide Y, and abnormality of HPA axis were recognized. Moreover, we referred to the importance of psychosocial and genetic factors. As for the etiology of A.D., while predisposition and environment participate, the method of participation will be different in subtypes. Frailty to stress in a broad sense, however is commonly seen in A.D. Though psychosocial factors are important, the physical condition, which involves fatigue, cannot be ignored. And, it is the most important that the biological and genetical factors which cause A.D., in the face of stimuli, must first be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of pravastatin on human sleep.

To evaluate the effect of pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on sleep, the drug or a placebo was administered to 5 healthy adults for 16 days by the double-blind method. Pravastatin caused no changes in sleep parameters. This indicates that it had no effect on human sleep for the following possible reasons: Being hydrophilic, the drug does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. It does not inhibit prostaglandin D2 synthase, a possible sleep-inducing substance. It was thought that a decrease in the total cholesterol level in the blood has no effect on sleep in healthy adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of Nasu-Hakola's disease with T2-weighted MRI finding of reduced signal intensity in the thalamus and putamen].

A 30-year-old female received a head injury at the age of 22 years. Subsequently neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as personality change, urinary incontinence, dementia and gait disturbance developed. On admission, her cognitive function was severely impaired. Brain CT disclosed cerebral atrophy, dilatation of the lateral ventricle and calcification of the basal ganglia. Pathologically membranous structures were recognized in bone marrow. On the basis of these clinical findings, a diagnosis of Nasu-Hakola's disease was made. In this case, a T2-weighted MRI finding of reduced signal intensity in the thalamus and putamen was characteristic. This finding may be related to intracranial calcification.

Adult↗