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Biomedical subjects

T Kastner

Publications and source records attributed to T Kastner.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Adverse behavioral effects in individuals with mental retardation and mood disorders treated with carbamazepine.

The incidence of carbamazepine-associated behavioral side effects in 65 individuals with mental retardation and additional seizure and/or psychiatric or behavioral disorders was evaluated. We identified 6 patients (9.2%) who experienced medication side effects, ranging from irritability to mania. Four of the 20 patients (20%) who received carbamazepine purely for treatment of a behavioral or psychiatric disorder experienced medication side effects, whereas none of the 21 patients treated for an isolated seizure disorder experienced similar effects. This difference was statistically significant, p less than .05. The incidence of behavioral side effects of medication was not associated with age, sex, or serum carbamazepine level. The chemical structure and mechanism of carbamazepine use in various disease processes were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pertussis immunization patterns in special care nursery graduates.

Controversy exists regarding immunization with pertussis vaccine of high-risk special care nursery graduates. Our study compared the immunization status of 38 high-risk, 30 low-risk, and 57 normal infants utilizing an immunization response form. Comparison of the three infant groups revealed that complete or incomplete immunization varies, depending on group status. Of 38 infants at high risk for developmental delay, 22 (57.9%) were not immunized against pertussis by age one. Physicians cited concerns related to previous neurologic injury and increased liability for vaccine-related injury as major reasons for deferring vaccination. Recommendations for improving current guidelines and practice are outlined.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1990

Medical services for the developmentally disabled.

Access to medical care for people with developmental disabilities is a growing problem. The authors review the components of a health care delivery system to help meet the special medical needs of this population.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1990

Metoprolol for aggressive behavior in persons with mental retardation.

Persons with mental retardation sometimes exhibit behaviors that are difficult to control. Use of neuroleptic medications may be limited by side effects or ineffectiveness. Beta blockers such as propranolol and metoprolol have been shown to decrease aggressive and impulsive behaviors in some patients with mental retardation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Child life services and persons with mental retardation.

We admitted an adult with mental retardation and an eating disorder to a pediatric inpatient unit. Child life services were a core feature in the assessment and treatment of the patient. The role of child life services in the care of persons with mental retardation should be expanded.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Thyroid dysfunction in individuals with Down syndrome.

A group of 138 community-based patients with Down syndrome were examined for evidence of autoimmune thyroid dysfunction at the time of their referral for routine health care services provided as part of a model program. Twenty-eight patients (20.3%) were found to have previously unrecognized hypothyroidism, and 2 patients (1.4%) had previously unrecognized hyperthyroidism. In addition, 66 patients were tested for thyroid autoantibodies, and 26 were found to have positive antimicrosomal and/or antithyroglobulin antibody test results. There was no statistically significant association between age or sex and the mean thyrotropin value or the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. The relationship between the mean thyroxine level and sex was mildly significant. Of the patients with hypothyroidism, 78.5% were female, and most were between the ages of 30 and 50 years. However, a higher-than-expected number of patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism were under age 30 years. These findings highlight the lack of adequate health care services available to persons with Down syndrome who live in the community. All persons with Down syndrome must undergo regular clinical and laboratory screening for the presence of thyroid disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Provision of health care for persons with developmental disabilities living in the community. The Morristown model.

Persons with developmental disabilities living in the community have a greater number and variety of health care needs than the average population of the same age and sex. The erroneous assumption that the generic health care system would be able to provide all necessary services to the large number of individuals recently transferred from state residential facilities to the community has proved to be an unexpected disappointment to human service policymakers. In an effort to remedy this situation, a program of health care services was established by the New Jersey Department of Human Services at a community teaching hospital to supplement the existing generic system of medical care. Within four years, the program had rapidly grown to provide care for 729 patients who had come to rely on the center for primary care, specialty medical and dental services, and medical case management. The demographic characteristics of this program are described as well as data on morbidity, service utilization, and special problems encountered when care was provided to this complex and medically underserved population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with Down's syndrome: implications for dental management.

Eighty-three noninstitutionalized patients with Down's syndrome, aged 9 to 55 years, were randomly selected to receive echocardiograms. Forty-one patients had echocardiographic findings indicative of mitral valve prolapse, and 15 of these patients lacked associated auscultatory findings. Because mitral valve prolapse can predispose patients to bacterial endocarditis after bacteremia-producing dental procedures, these findings suggest that if auscultatory findings alone are used, a significant number of patients with Down's syndrome who are at risk for endocarditis may not be currently identified in the course of routine clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Dose-related effects of nebulized metaproterenol in asthmatic children.

The dose-related effects of inhaled 5% metaproterenol solution in asthmatic children between the ages of six and 12 years with acute bronchospasm were evaluated. Tests included FEV1.0, FEF25-75, and PEFR. For entry into the study, subjects were required to have an FEV1.0 or an FEF25-75 less than 80% of the child's predicted normal value based on height and race. Sixty children were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive one of four different doses of 5% metaproterenol inhalant solution: 0.0 ml (placebo), 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml, or 0.3 ml. Drug efficacy was assessed by spirometry using a DeVilbiss Surveyor I spirometer. Spirometry was performed prior to inhalation of the test dose (baseline) and four times after inhalation: immediately after and 15, 30, and 60 minutes after inhalation. Patients in the three treated groups had significantly higher peak post-dose FEV1.0 and FEF25-75 than the placebo group but were not significantly different from one another. There was a significant relationship between dose and incidence of side effects. These results suggest that 0.1 ml (5 mg) of nebulized metaproterenol may provide as much bronchodilatation as higher doses with fewer side effects.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification and characterisation of immune cells in the ejaculate of infertile and fertile men].

Using the immunoperoxidase technique with monoclonal antibodies the ejaculates of 20 infertile and 15 fertile men were examined for lymphocyte subsets and activation markers to know more about the cellular mucosal immunity in the male genital tract. The results have shown that there are small differences of T-helper (CD4), T-suppressor (CD8), B- (CD19) and Natural Killer cells (CD57) between both groups. The number of monocytes (CD14), activated T- and B-cells and macrophages (CD25), the LCA-positive cells (CD45) and the HLA-DR-positive cells were remarkably increased in fertile patients. It has been established that the number of NK-cells (CD57) correlated with mycoplasma infection and the B-cells (CD19) correlated with the testosterone level. It seems that the increased testosterone value improved the cellular immunity. Infertile men have a disturbed mucosal immunity and a higher rate of genital infections.

Antigens, CD↗