Biomedical subjects

T Kerenyi

Publications and source records attributed to T Kerenyi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Chlamydophila pneumoniae and human cytomegalovirus in atherosclerotic carotid plaques--combined presence and possible interactions.

The aim of our study was to investigate the combination of Chlamydophila pneumoniae and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a pathogenic factor in atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we tested by means of PCR and immunohistochemistry the presence of these pathogens in the same atherosclerotic carotid specimen. The histology of the samples and the patients' antibodies against these pathogens were evaluated. Further, we examined the impact of C. pneumoniae and HCMV infection on the gene expression of the human monocytic cell line U937. Six of the 22 samples contained only C. pneumoniae, 4 contained only HCMV, 7 contained both C. pneumoniae DNA and/or antigens of both pathogens, and 5 samples were negative. No correlation was found between the presence of these microbes and either the cellular structure of the plaques, or the serostatus of the patients. The infection of U937 cells with HCMV and especially C. pneumoniae induced inflammation and atherosclerosis-related genes. Furthermore, the doubly-infected cells produced higher levels of the mRNA of pro-platelet basic protein and fatty acid binding protein 4. In conclusion, C. pneumoniae is often present in combination with HCMV in atherosclerotic carotid lesions. The in vitro coinfection model reveals that the doubly-infected monocytes are potent expressors of proatherosclerotic genes, suggesting that this coinfected population may accelerate the process of atherosclerosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Scanning electron microscopical investigations of broncho-alveolar casts after intratracheal asbestos fibre instillation.

The evaluation of the toxicity of mineral fibres has been tried to achieve in experimental animal models. However, the appearance of fibres in the pleural space could not be explained satisfactorily. Histomorphological examinations showed that intratracheal instillation of asbestos fibres leads to parabronchial and intraalveolar granulomatous tissue reactions and bronchial epithelial regenerations. For further elucidation of the pathogenesis of lung cancer and of mesothelioma the localisation and transport of inhaled fibres is of high interest. Thus, a three dimensional visualization of the structure of rat lungs before and after intratracheal instillation of UICC crocidolite fibres was performed by plastic casts to follow the way of asbestos fibres in the lung tissues and the pleura. The casts allowed to demonstrate airway structures with imprints of epithelial cells and blood vessels of normal and treated animals by scanning electron microscopy. Instilled asbestos fibres transformed bronchial structures and resulted in cystic deformations of the pleural surface. The penetration of single fibres through bronchial trunks and the visceral pleura could be shown for the first time in a three-dimensional topography of the affected tissue. Now, there is support for similar results of histomorphological examinations indicating the possibility that asbestos fibres could penetrate the pleura and migrate into the pleural space. The question if the migration of fibres is a mechanical movement or an active transport is still under discussion.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Perinatal outcome in grand and great-grand multiparity: effects of parity on obstetric risk factors.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare obstetric and neonatal complications among great-grand multiparous, grand multiparous, and multiparous women. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred thirty-three great-grand multiparas, 314 grand multiparas, and 2195 multiparas who were delivered of their infants between 1988 and 1998 were selected for the study. To facilitate comparison, the patients were all >35 years old and had similar socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: The incidence of malpresentation at the time of delivery, maternal obesity, anemia, preterm delivery, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid increased with higher parity, whereas the rate of excessive weight gain and cesarean delivery decreased. Compared with grand multiparas, great-grand multiparas had significantly elevated risks for abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid, abruptio placentae, neonatal tachypnea, and malformations but lower rates of placenta previa (P <.05). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, placenta previa, macrosomia, postdate pregnancy, and low Apgar scores was significantly higher in grand multiparas than in multiparas, whereas the proportion of induction, forceps delivery, and total labor complications was significantly lower than in the multiparous group (P <.05). Similar frequency of maternal diabetes, infection, uterine wall scar rupture, variations in fetal heart rate, fetal death, and neonatal mortality was found in the 3 groups. CONCLUSION: Both high-parity groups have their own risk factors, but the rate of some complications decreases with higher parity. In addition, perinatal mortality remains low in these patients, and therefore, under satisfactory socioeconomic and health care conditions, high parity should not be considered dangerous.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Diagnosing amnionicity at 6 weeks of pregnancy with transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasonography: case report.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of monochorionic, diamniotic twin pregnancy diagnosed at 6 weeks of pregnancy with three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal sonography and to discuss the use of this diagnostic method in the evaluation of multifetal pregnancy in the first trimester. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: University-based IVF program. PATIENT(S): A 30-year-old ovum recipient underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of a first-trimester twin pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S): Two-dimensional (2D) and 3D transvaginal sonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Accurate diagnosis of chorionicity and amnionicity. RESULT(S): Monoamniotic pregnancy and conjoined twinning could not be ruled out by using 2D transvaginal sonography at 6 weeks, because only one yolk sac (YS) and no membranes could be visualized, and the two embryos were closely positioned within one gestational sac. Applying 3D technique, two YSs and two separate embryos could clearly be observed, establishing the correct diagnosis of a monochorionic, diamniotic pregnancy. CONCLUSION(S): The 3D transvaginal ultrasonography provides a quick and accurate diagnostic modality for the evaluation of a first-trimester multiple gestation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Correlation between karyotype and ultrasound findings in patients with failed early pregnancy.

The aim of this retrospetive study was to identify any consistent patterns between ultrasound findings in failed pregnancies and either normal or abnormal karyotypes. The study involved 102 women in whom the diagnosis of early pregnancy failure was made sonographically. The criteria for a failed pregnancy were: a gestational sac with a mean diameter of > 12 mm without a yolk sac; a yolk sac of > 6 mm mean diameter with or without abnormal morphology that ultimately failed to develop an embryonic structure; and an embryo with a crown--rump length (CRL) of > 5 mm without cardiac activity, or the loss of previously identified cardiac activity. All patients underwent elective dilatation and curettage (D & C) and products of conception were sent for karyotyping. Forty-four pregnancies (43%) had abnormal karyotypes. Of these, 33 (75%) were trisomies. The other 11 included four triploidies, one tetraploidy, two with monosomy X, and four others (unbalanced complement, isochromosome, terminal deletion and translocation). Fifty-eight pregnancies (57%) had normal karyotypes, of which 52 were 46,XX and six were 46,XY. The furthest sonographic anatomic landmark achieved did not differ with respect to karyotypic findings. An abnormal yolk sac was found in 10/58 cases (17.2%) with normal karyotypes and 8/44 cases (18.2%) with abnormal karyotypes. There were eight cases of trisomy 16, of which only two manifested an embryonic structure, but neither of which had cardiac activity; the largest was 4 mm. There were four cases of trisomy 22, of which three developed embryos with a CRL of > 10 mm with cardiac activity (11, 11 and 18 mm, respectively). In three cases of mosaicism, embryos developed cardiac activity, and were 9, 19 and 16 mm. Two cases of monosomy X had embryos of 14 and 24 mm. Only one out of five cases with multiple trisomies developed to a point at which any embryonic structure was identifiable on ultrasound examination. The ultrasound appearance of early pregnancy failure in terms of furthest anatomic landmark reached was not significantly different in cases with normal or abnormal karyotype. An abnormally enlarged yolk sac, presumably secondary to hydropic change, is a non-specific finding of failed pregnancy, and did not correlate with karyotypic abnormality (trisomy 22, mosaic, monosomy X) seem to develop further prior to embryonic demise than those with certain others (trisomy 16, multiple trisomies and unusual other variants.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1994

The role of progestationally regulated stromal cell tissue factor and type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in endometrial hemostasis and menstruation.

The physiologic mechanisms whereby the human endometrium maintains hemostasis during endovascular trophoblast invasion, yet permits menstrual hemorrhage, are unknown. This paradoxical relationship was investigated by evaluating endometrial expression of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of hemostasis, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of fibrinolysis. We observed increased immunostaining for TF and PAI-1 in sections of decidualized stromal cells from luteal phase and gestational endometrium. To determine whether TF and PAI-1 expression are directly linked to decidualization, both endpoints were monitored in a well described in vitro model of decidualization. Thus, confluent stromal cell cultures were exposed to vehicle control, 10(-8) M estradiol (E2), 10(-8) to 10(-6) M medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or both E2 + MPA for 2-24 days in serum-containing or defined media. The progestin enhanced the content of stromal cell-associated immunoreactive and functionally active TF and PAI-1 released into the medium and elevated levels of stromal cell TF and PAI-1 mRNA. While E2 alone was ineffective, it greatly augmented MPA-enhanced TF and PAI-1 protein and mRNA content. Dose-dependent effects on TF and PAI-1 content were observed between 10(-8) to 10(-6) M MPA +/- E2. Similar results were observed for decidual cells derived from first trimester endometrium and cultured in type 1 collagen gels. Following optimal induction of TF and PAI-1 expression by E2 + MPA in stromal cell cultures, removal of these steroids greatly reduced levels of both TF and PAI-1 protein and mRNA within 4 days. These studies suggest a mechanism whereby endometrial hemostasis is maintained during trophoblast invasion yet reduced at the end of nonfertile cycles to permit menses.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1993

[Pulmonary and pleural reaction patterns to artificial mineral fibers --rockwool].

Epidemiological and animal studies about the fibrogenic and carcinogenic properties of natural mineral fibers required the development of man made vitreous fibers as substitutes for asbestos containing material. The question about the possible fibrogenic and carcinogenic properties of man-made vitreous fibers is not yet answered. By means of different experimental animal studies we tried to investigate the man made vitreous fibers-related pulmonary and pleural diseases. The experimental administration of rockwool induce lesions in the lung of the rats. The lung showed an extensive granulomatous inflammation. In the observation time of 10 months we did not find any malignant tumor of the lung and the pleura.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Arterial resistance vessels in primary hypertension--evidence for altered cellular Ca2+ metabolism.

The role of intracellular free Ca2+ in arterial smooth muscle was investigated in aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats, as well as in porcine aortic smooth muscle. Intracellular free Ca2+ in aortic smooth muscle from spontaneously hypertensive rats was elevated. Incubation of porcine aortic smooth muscle with plasma from essential hypertensive and normotensive subjects revealed a humoral factor in subjects with essential hypertension, which increased intracellular free Ca2+. Cross-circulation experiments between spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats demonstrated a transmission of hypertension to the normotensive animals as a result of a circulating hypertensive factor possibly produced in the kidneys and adrenals. The experiments suggest that vasoconstriction in primary hypertension may be caused by a humoral factor that increases intracellular free Ca2+ in arterial smooth muscle.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ in aortic smooth muscle cells after enzymatic isolation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats, which were separated from the blood vessels by enzymatic digestion, intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ activities were measured. The determinations were made by ion-selective electrodes. In smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ activities were elevated as compared to cells from normotensive rats (P less than 0.001 for Na+ and P less than 0.01 for Ca2+). Since in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats intracellular Ca2+ is known to be not significantly increased, primarily humoral factors may account for the changes in intracellular Ca2+ reported.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Use of prostaglandin, hypertonic saline and oxytocin for second-trimester abortion.

The management of second-trimester abortion is still not satisfactory with respect to safety and side-effects; it is considered to be in a state of evolution. The goal of this investigation has been to combine, in reduced quantity, prostaglandin and hypertonic saline in order to minimize the complications and side-effects associated with the separate administration of each component. This study documents the results of a random sample of 385 abortions performed in the second trimester, induced by intra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin (20 mg) and NaCl 5 and 10 g in different volumes and concentrations augmented with oxytocin. In a series of 20 patients, the coagulation profile is presented and the clinical characteristics of 4 groups are compared. This study demonstrated no coagulation defects. The gastrointestinal side-effects were reduced. In spite of the reduced dosage of each component, the instillation abortion interval still remained 17.08 h on the average. Incomplete abortion ranged from 32% to 48.78%. The data presented in this report suggests that combination of prostaglandin, hypertonic saline and oxytocin is feasible for midtrimester abortion.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed1978

Prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis: first 1,000 successful cases.

From February 1969 to August 1976, we studied 1,048 amniotic fluids. Of these, 958 (91.4%) were primarily for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. Cytogenetic studies were attempted in 1,021 cases; the diagnosis was successful in 1,000 of these. The failure rate of obtaining a diagnosis from the amniotic fluid cell culture of the first amniocentesis was 5% (50 cases); 29 cases had a repeat tap and successful diagnosis was achieved in all. In 21 cases, a repeat tap was refused. Thus, the overall failure rate of obtaining a final cytogenetic diagnosis was 2.06% (21/1,021). There were 32 fetal losses after amniocentesis including 16 spontaneous second trimester abortions, 7 fetal deaths in utero and 9 stillbirths. In two additional cases, fetal death had occurred before amniocentesis. This number of fetal losses does not exceed the number that would be expected in the same maternal age group without amniocentesis. In our series, the frequencies of trisomy in maternal age groups 40 years and over, 37-39 years, 35-36 years, and under 35 years were 4.5, 3.14, 0 and 0% respectively. These frequencies are comparable to those reported from other prospective prenatal studies and higher than those of retrospective live born studies. Various problems and pitfalls in prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Prenatal diagnosis of renal anomalies.

Within the past 24 months, we have performed prenatal diagnostic studies in 4 pregnancies known to be at risk for well-described genetic syndrome involving renal abnormalities, ie, Meckel syndrome, Roberts syndrome, and bilateral renal agenesis. The diagnostic techniques utilized were ultrasonographic scanning (B-mode and grey scale), biochemical assays, and radiographic evaluation. The ultrasound finding common to the 3 affected cases was extreme oligohydramnios, which we considered indirect evidence that renal anomalies were present. The ultrasound scans of the fetuses affected with Meckel and Roberts syndrome demonstrated anechoic cystic spaces in the abdomen, representing the enlarged dysplastic cystic kidneys. An encephalocele was well demonstrated by B-mode scan in the fetus with Meckel syndrome. The absence of normal limbs in the Roberts syndrome was evident on serial grey scale scans of the fetus. Biochemical and radiographic studies provided results consistent with the suspected diagnoses. The importance of providing genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis to families at risk is emphasized.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1974