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Biomedical subjects

T Kivelä

Publications and source records attributed to T Kivelä.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Parvalbumin, a horizontal cell-associated calcium-binding protein in retinoblastoma eyes.

PURPOSE: To search for differentiation in retinoblastoma toward horizontal cells and retinal neurons other than photoreceptor cells with antibodies to parvalbumin, a horizontal, ganglion, and amacrine cell-associated antigen. METHODS: Fifty formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human eyes with an intraocular retinoblastoma and two orbital recurrences were studied using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method and monoclonal antibody (mAb) PA-235 to parvalbumin. RESULTS: In the retinas of retinoblastoma eyes obtained after birth, horizontal cells at the outer border of the inner nuclear layer and their processes in the inner part of the outer plexiform layer always reacted with mAb PA-235. Immunolabeled ganglion and amacrine cells were found, respectively, in 31 (76%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 60-88) and 15 (37%; 95% (CI 22-53) of the 41 eyes with preserved retinas, whereas bipolar and photoreceptor cells were unlabeled. Undifferentiated and differentiated retinoblastoma cells in all studied specimens were negative for parvalbumin. However, immunopositive horizontal and ganglion cells engulfed by the tumor were present within 36 of the 50 retinoblastomas (72%; 95% CI 58 - 84), which often allowed the tracing of otherwise invisible remnants of former infiltrated retinas. CONCLUSIONS: Parvalbumin is a useful marker for horizontal and ganglion cells in normal and pathologic human retinas, including those entrapped within retinoblastoma. The absence of parvalbumin from tumor cells argues against differentiation similar to that seen in these parvalbumin-positive neurons and subpopulations of amacrine cells from the second trimester onward.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1998

Ophthalmic pathology in long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency caused by the G1528C mutation.

PURPOSE: To define histopathologic features of a recently recognized chorioretinopathy associated with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, a defect of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. METHODS: Both eyes were obtained at autopsy from a child who died of LCHAD deficiency, caused by the G1528C mutation, at the age of 14 months. Routine histopathology and light microscopic immunohistochemistry were performed, with a panel of 12 antibodies to epithelial, mesenchymal, neuronal, and inflammatory cells, using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method. RESULTS: The cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were rarefied, flattened, and hypopigmented in the posterior pole. The RPE cells reacted normally with MAb Vim 34B to vimentin, and MAb CAM 5.2 and CY-90 for cytokeratin 8 and 18. Scattered among them were many pigment-laden macrophages, reactive with MAb PG-M1. A thin outer nuclear layer in the macular region suggested loss of photoreceptor cells. In routine stainings, patent choriocapillary vessels were sparse. However, a collapsed network of capillaries could be identified by MAb QBEND-10 to the CD34 epitope of vascular endothelial cells. In the peripheral fundus, the RPE and choriocapillaris were normal. CONCLUSIONS: The ophthalmopathologic findings corresponded to clinically defined stage 2 of the chorioretinopathy of LCHAD deficiency. Histopathologically, this chorioretinopathy can be classified as diffuse choroidal atrophy with loss of the choriocapillaris. The findings suggest a primary fault at the level of the RPE and choriocapillaris and a secondary macrophage response.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1997

Muscle-eye-brain disease: a neuropathological study.

A combination of congenital central nervous, ocular and muscular abnormalities is characteristic of muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB), of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), and of Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). The nosological relationship of these inherited malformative disorders is still unestablished, although the genetic locus for FCMD has been excluded in MEB. We present the first postmortem neuropathological study of MEB based on 2 male patients. Apart from sharply limited occipital agyric areas, their brains showed coarse gyri with an abnormally nodular surface ("cobblestone cortex"). Both the cerebral and cerebellar cortices showed a total disorganization without horizontal lamination. The haphazardly oriented cortical neurons formed irregular clusters or islands, separated by gliovascular strands extending from the pia. The ocular abnormalities included a pronounced glial preretinal membrane. Although MEB shares the cobblestone cortex-type malformation with FCMD and WWS, the cerebral and ocular manifestations are less severe than in WWS. Furthermore, a consistently weak staining for laminin alpha2 chain (merosin) was found in muscle biopsy specimens from 4 MEB patients, while normal immunoreactivity was observed for the laminin beta2 chain, reported to be severely deficient in WWS. These findings support nosological independence of MEB.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cell types of secondary cataract: an immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies to cytoskeletal elements and macrophages.

BACKGROUND: The study was carried out to identify cell types of secondary cataract after extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens. METHODS: Twenty-five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pseudophakic human eyes with secondary cataract, obtained at autopsy, were studied and compared to a specimen from an anterior subcapsular cataract with a panel of six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs, to vimentin, cytokeratin (CK) 8 and 18, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and the CD68 epitope of macrophages by the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC) method. RESULTS: MAb Vim 3B4 to vimentin immunolabeled spindle-shaped cells in 16 of 17 central plaques of secondary cataract as well as cells in all 16 Soemmering's ring cataracts. Spindle-shaped cells reacted with MAb CAM 5.2 to CK 8 in 13 of 18 eyes, but only one specimen was labeled with MAb CY-90 to CK 18. No immunoreaction was seen with MAb D33 to desmin, whereas MAb 1A4 to alpha-smooth muscle actin immunolabeled spindle-shaped cells in 15 of 18 plaques of secondary cataract. Macrophages were seen with MAb PG-M1 in 13 of 19 secondary cataracts. In the anterior subcapsular cataract, spindle-shaped cells under a wrinkled but otherwise intact capsule reacted with MAb Vim 3B4 to vimentin, MAb CAM 5.2 to CK 8, and MAb 1A4 to alpha-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSION: Spindle-shaped cells in secondary and anterior subcapsular cataracts react with antibodies to vimentin, CK 8 and alpha-smooth muscle actin, suggesting them to be metaplastic epithelial cells that derive from the lens epithelium. alpha-Smooth muscle actin persists in them at least 10 years postoperatively, but CK 8 starts to disappear after 3 years. Macrophages are one possible modulator of this transdifferentiation.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The HNK-1 epitope in the pseudophakic and aphakic eye and secondary cataract.

PURPOSE: To search for changes in the presence and distribution of the cell-adhesion-related HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope after cataract extraction. METHODS: Twenty-five pseudophakic and two aphakic human autopsy eyes and, for comparison, one anterior subcapsular cataract obtained at surgery were studied with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) HNK-1 and NC-1 to the HNK-1 epitope using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method. RESULTS: MAbs to the HNK-1 epitope constantly immunolabelled the inner connective tissue layer of the ciliary body in all pseudophakic and aphakic eyes studied. The distribution of the immunoreaction was similar to that reported for normal eyes. They also labelled the extracellular matrix in each of 18 plaques of secondary cataract on the posterior capsule, in each of 13 plaques at the rim of the capsular bag, and in the anterior subcapsular cataract. Bladder cells in each of 16 Soemmering's rings remained unlabelled. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the HNK-1 epitope in the ciliary body does not appreciably change after cataract extraction, although the accommodative demand of the eye is altered. Its presence in an anterior subcapsular cataract suggests that the epitope may be locally produced by lens epithelial cells also in secondary cataract. The epitope is associated with cell adhesion and migration, both of which may play a role in the pathogenesis of secondary cataract.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Retinoinvasive malignant melanoma of the uvea.

AIMS: To define a retinoinvasive phenotype of uveal melanoma based on an informative case and survey of literature. METHODS: A 65-year-old woman developed a circumscribed mixed cell type melanoma of the ciliary body that was locally excised. After 6 years, secondary glaucoma evolved. Three years later a ring melanoma was diagnosed and the eye was enucleated. The histopathological material was analysed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: A spindle cell type ring melanoma infiltrated the iris and ciliary body diffusely, and extended through the aqueous outflow channels and iridocyclectomy flap extrasclerally. The choroid was uninvolved. Instead, tumour cells spread to the vitreous and along the ciliary epithelium, adhered to the hyaloid face and retinal surface, and extensively invaded the neuroretina, the retrobulbar optic nerve, and perineural space. They were labelled for S-100 protein, vimentin, and in the neuroretina for cytokeratins 8 and 18. No evidence of systemic disease is evident 5 years after enucleation. Three identical tumours of the iris and ciliary body that extensively infiltrated the neuroretina and retrobulbar optic nerve were identified from previous literature. CONCLUSION: Retinoinvasive melanoma is a rare but distinct phenotype of uveal melanoma, different from circumscribed and most diffuse melanomas that may erode the overlying retina and infiltrate the optic nerve that do not invade non-adjacent retina. Retinoinvasive tumours tend to evolve from a ring melanoma and they grow slowly, which may favour emergence of tumour clones able to migrate, adhere to, and invade into the neuroretina, analogous to the metastatic cascade. Frequent secondary angle closure glaucoma may promote invasion into the optic nerve.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The HNK-1 epitope and the elastic fiber system of the human ciliary body. An immunoelectron microscopic study.

PURPOSE: To localize at the electron microscopic level the cell adhesion-related HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope in the inner connective tissue layer (ICTL) of the human ciliary body. METHODS: Seven specimens representing the pars plicata (age range, 12 to 86 years) and three specimens representing the pars plana (age range, 29 to 71 years) of the ciliary body were sampled at death from eight normal human eyes. Three additional specimens from the pars plicata were taken from three eyes with exfoliation syndrome (age range, 78 to 81 years). All specimens were embedded in LR white resin and studied by postembedding immunogold labeling using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) HNK-1 and NC-1 in detecting the HNK-1 epitope. RESULTS: In the ICTL of the pars plicata and the pars plana, mAbs HNK-1 and NC-1 constantly bound to the surface of fibroblast-like cells present in the subepithelial connective tissue matrix. The immunoreaction was localized along the cell membrane, both around the cell body and around its long, slender cytoplasmic processes. Long microfibrillar bundles, which consisted of approximately 10-nm thick microfibrils in close association with these subepithelial matrix cells and elastic fibers, were also labeled. The periphery of elastic fibers was likewise immunolabeled for the HNK-1 epitope. The reaction pattern was essentially the same, regardless of age and presence or absence of exfoliation syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: At the ultrastructural level, the HNK-1 epitope in the ICTL is a common denominator to the subepithelial matrix cells, microfibrillar bundles, and elastic fibers. This suggests that the subepithelial matrix cells secrete this epitope, and that molecules hearing it may be involved in joining these connective tissue elements that structurally stabilize the ciliary body.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Autopsy analysis of clinically unilateral exfoliation syndrome.

PURPOSE: To study the pathogenesis of clinically unilateral exfoliation syndrome by localizing exfoliation deposits in involved and fellow eyes during autopsy. METHODS: The formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded involved and fellow eyes were obtained at autopsy from five patients (age range, 72 to 88 years) with clinically unilateral exfoliation. Exfoliation deposits were identified with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) HNK-1 and NC-1 to the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope, and with five lectins (Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin, Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris agglutinin, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin I) using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC) method. RESULTS: Marked exfoliation deposits in all involved eyes, and weak exfoliation deposits in one fellow eye were consistently detected in light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and lectin histochemical examinations. Similarly labeled deposits were present around a population of blood vessels of the iris in every involved and fellow eye. Particularly in fellow eyes, these subendothelial deposits were better visualized with mAbs to the HNK-1 epitope than they were with lectins. In the only fellow eye with early exfoliation, the reactivity around blood vessels was more conspicuous than the exfoliation deposits, whereas the reverse was true in the involved eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically unilateral exfoliation is asymmetric, rather than truly monocular. The findings in fellow eyes suggest that iris blood vessels become abnormal early in the process, even before exfoliation deposits are histopathologically seen in the posterior chamber. Marked asymmetry in exfoliation indicates an influence of modulating local factors that may be internal or external to the eye, and that also may be functional in bilateral exfoliation.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Malignant tumor of the retinal pigment epithelium with extraocular extension in a phthisical eye.

BACKGROUND: Malignant tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are exceedingly rare. We describe the histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of a RPE neoplasm that was found accidentally in a blind and painful phthisical eye. METHODS: The enucleated eye was investigated by light microscopy, and tumor tissue was also studied by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against HMB-45, S-100 protein, NSE, cytokeratins, vimentin, desmin, GFAP, the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope and alpha-smooth muscle actin. RESULTS: The tumor was located mainly in the vitreous cavity with practically complete destruction of the retina, but foci of choroidal infiltration and extraocular extension along vascular channels were identified. The mitotic rate was high, and large areas of necrosis were present. No features of differentiation were seen, apart from occasional desmosome-like junctions and deposition of basal lamina at the ultrastructural level. Adjacent to the tumor, reactive hyperplasia and metaplasia of RPE cells was prominent. By immunohistochemistry, tumor cells revealed intense immunoreactivity with anti-vimentin and weak staining with anti-S-100 protein. The hyperplastic RPE cells also reacted for cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 and for alpha-smooth muscle actin. At more than 1 year post enucleation the patient is well and shows no signs of recurrence or metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: We present the features of a malignant tumor of the RPE with unequivocal extraocular extension. These findings raise the possibility that RPE hyperplasia may transform into a malignant tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Hydrolethalus: a midline malformation syndrome with optic nerve coloboma and hypoplasia.

Ophthalmic pathological findings of hydrolethalus, a midline malformation syndrome, were determined in three fetuses aborted between the 14th and 19th gestational week. The eyes were serially sectioned and analyzed using light microscopy and a panel of 13 antibodies to neuronal, glial, epithelial, and mesenchymal elements of the eye. The general morphological and antigenic development of the anterior segment, retina and choroid were normal, but some lens fibers were vacuolated and irregular in all eyes. A coloboma of the optic nerve was constant and corresponded in its severity to the systemic manifestations. It ranged from segmental dysplasia of the optic nerve head to a colobomatous orbital cyst with secondary microphthalmos and deranged development of the eye. Glial tissue extended through a defect in the sheaths of the optic nerve in three eyes, communicating with retinoblastic tissue in the orbit. Evidence of secondary optic nerve hypoplasia was present in all eyes, and a separate chorioretinal coloboma was present in one eye. Ocular anomalies should be considered one hallmark of hydrolethalus syndrome, and they may help to differentiate it from other overlapping malformation syndromes. In particular, colobomatous dysplasia and hypoplasia of the optic nerve seem to be typical of hydrolethalus syndrome. Histopathological studies of the eyes may help the neuropathologist in making the differential diagnosis of midline malformation syndromes.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the filtration bleb after unsuccessful glaucoma seton implantation.

PURPOSE: To analyze histopathologically and immunohistochemically the filtration bleb after unsuccessful glaucoma seton implantation. METHODS: A von Denffer implant and two Molteno implants that were nonfunctional at three months, at 11 months, and at five years after implantation, respectively, were compared by evaluating the adjacent bleb with light microscopy and a panel of 11 antibodies to epithelial, mesenchymal, and inflammatory cells. RESULTS: The wall of the filtration bleb three months after implantation consisted of loosely arranged collagenous connective tissue with relatively abundant fibroblasts labeled with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) V9 and Vim 3B4 to vimentin. At 11 months and at five years, the collagenous layers had become increasingly thick and the fibroblasts scarce. All blebs showed metaplastic myofibroblasts surrounded by tenascin, as identified by MAb 1A4 to alpha-smooth muscle actin and TN2 to tenascin, respectively. One bleb was lined by a monolayer of cells that reacted with MAb CAM 5.2 and CY-90 to cytokeratin 8 and 18, respectively, and was apparently derived from the identically reacting proliferating corneal endothelial cells. Another bleb harbored many macrophages and foreign-body giant cells. Little evidence of chronic inflammation around the seton was detected. CONCLUSIONS: A glaucoma seton may induce several processes that potentially decrease filtration. In addition to formation of a collagenous cyst, presence of myofibroblasts suggests long-standing scar modulation that potentially leads to compaction of the filtration membrane. Furthermore, macrophages and corneal endothelial cells may invade the filtration bleb.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Radiation related complications after ruthenium plaque radiotherapy of uveal melanoma.

AIMS/BACKGROUND: To analyse radiation related complications and secondary enucleation after irradiation of malignant uveal melanoma with ruthenium-106 plaques. METHODS: A series of 100 consecutive eyes irradiated in 1981-91 was analysed using the life table method and the Cox proportional hazards model. The median apical and scleral tumour dose was 100 Gy (range 15-200 Gy) and 1000 Gy (range 200-1200 Gy), respectively. The median follow up time was 2.8 and 2.0 years (range 1 month to 10 years) for anterior and posterior segment complications, respectively. RESULTS: The 3 and 5 year probabilities of being without radiation cataract were 73% and 63%, without neovascular glaucoma 91% and 81%, without vitreous haemorrhage 83% and 74%, without radiation maculopathy 85% and 70%, and without radiation optic neuropathy 90% and 88%, respectively. The risk of radiation cataract was highest with large tumour size (T1 + T2 v T3, p = 0.0027; height < or = 5 v > 5 mm, p = 0.029; largest basal diameter (LBD) < or = 15 v > 15 mm, p < 0.0001) and location of anterior tumour margin anterior v posterior to the equator (p = 0.0003); the risk of neovascular glaucoma with large size (T1 + T2 v T3, p = 0.039; LBD < or = 15 mm v 15 mm, p = 0.021); and the risk of maculopathy and optic neuropathy with proximity of the posterior tumour margin to the fovea and the optic disc (< or = 1.5 v > 1.5 mm; p = 0.030 and p = 0.0004, respectively). In Cox's multivariate analysis the strongest risk indicator for radiation cataract (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6) and vitreous haemorrhage (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.8) was the height of the tumour; for neovascular glaucoma the TNM class (RR 6.2, 95% CI 2.7-13.8); for radiation maculopathy location of posterior tumour margin within 2 mm from the fovea (RR 3.4, 95% CI 2.0-6.0); and for radiation optic neuropathy location of tumour margin within 1 DD of the optic disc (RR 6.1, 95% CI 3.0-12.4). The 3 and 5 year probabilities of avoiding enucleation were 92% and 85%, respectively. Ten eyes were enucleated--six because of recurrent tumour growth, three because of treatment complications, and one because of mistakenly suspected extraocular growth. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the frequency of radiation related complications after ruthenium brachytherapy of uveal melanoma is acceptable, in particular as regard irradiation of small and medium sized tumours for which ruthenium therapy generally is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinically successful contact transscleral krypton laser cyclophotocoagulation. Long-term histopathologic and immunohistochemical autopsy findings.

OBJECTIVE: To report long-term histopathologic findings 10 months after contact transscleral krypton cyclophotocoagulation. METHODS: The tissue response in a successfully treated eye was analyzed by light microscopy and a panel of 11 antibodies to epithelial, mesenchymal, and inflammatory cells. RESULTS: A 75-year-old man with uncontrolled angle recession glaucoma was treated with transscleral contact krypton cyclophotocoagulation (17 burns, 3.5 J each) 10 months before his death. The intraocular pressure fell from 28 to 17 mm Hg 6 months after therapy. Confluent scars straddled the posterior pars plicata and the anterior pars plana. The ciliary processes were destroyed, but the sclera and zonules were intact. Vimentin and cytokeratin 8 and 18 persisted in the degenerated ciliary epithelium. The inner connective-tissue layer and the ciliary muscle had atrophied, as shown with antibodies to the HNK-1 epitope, desmin, and alpha-smooth-muscle actin. Macrophages with phagocytized pigment and single T cells were present instead. No unusual inflammatory infiltrate was present in the choroid of either eye. CONCLUSIONS: Clinically effective ablation of ciliary processes is achieved with contact krypton laser. Little chronic inflammation and no signs of sympathetic ophthalmia were present. Atrophy of the ciliary muscle may reduce accommodative capacity in younger patients undergoing cyclophotocoagulation.

Actins↗
PubMed1995

Galactose-containing glycoconjugates of the iris, the aqueous outflow passages and the cornea in capsular glaucoma. A lectin histochemical study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare galactose-containing glycoconjugates of the iris, the aqueous outflow passages and the cornea with exfoliation material in capsular glaucoma. METHODS: Six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human eyes with capsular glaucoma and six control eyes were studied by using a panel of 11 biotinylated lectins to galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-containing glycoconjugates. RESULTS: The Gal (beta 1-->3) GalNAc-reactive lectins peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Bauhinia purpurea alba agglutinin (BPA) and the Gal (beta 1-->4)GlcNAc-reactive lectins Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) gave the strongest label with exfoliation material. Lectin binding to the iris was variable. The binding of PNA, BPA, RCA-I, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin (ECA), PHA-E and Glycine max agglutinin (SBA) to the subendothelial region of iris blood vessels closely resembled their binding to exfoliation material. RCA-I and PHA-E bound moderately to the aqueous outflow passages. The surface of the corneal epithelium showed positive reaction with most lectins studied, but the keratocytes reacted with RCA-I and PHA-E only. Neuraminidase pretreatment generally increased the reaction intensity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the glycoconjugate composition of exfoliation material in the classical locations along the anterior and posterior chamber closely resembles that in the subendothelial region of iris blood vessels.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Lectin and immunohistochemical comparison of glycoconjugates in the conjunctiva of patients with and without exfoliation syndrome.

AIMS--The study was carried out to search for labelling similar to that of intraocular exfoliation material in the conjunctiva by light microscopy using lectin and immunohistochemistry. METHODS--Ten formalin fixed and paraffin embedded conjunctival biopsy specimens both from patients with and without exfoliation syndrome were studied with a panel of 11 lectins and with three monoclonal antibodies to the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope, all of which react with intraocular exfoliation material. RESULTS--The lectin binding profile was essentially the same in specimens from patients with and without exfoliation syndrome. The superficial epithelium reacted similarly with Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA-E), Caragana arborescens (CAA), Helix pomatia (HPA), concanavalin A (ConA), and wheat germ (WGA) agglutinins. Binding was also detected with peanut (PNA) and Bauhinia purpurea (BPA) agglutinins, particularly in patients with exfoliation. The basement membrane generally reacted with Ricinus communis (RCA-I), PHA-E, Vicia villosa (VVA), ConA, and Lens culinaris (LCA) agglutinins. The stroma was weakly labelled with RCA-I, PHA-E, ConA, and LCA. Lectin binding to the vascular endothelium was moderate with RCA-I, PHA-E, CAA, ConA, LCA, and WGA. Inconsistent labelling was also detected with PNA, BPA, and Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin (ECA). The subendothelial region reacted weakly but consistently with PHA-E, ConA, and LCA, and inconsistently with PNA. Pretreatment with neuraminidase did not change that pattern. Antibodies to the HNK-1 epitope reacted only with myelinated stromal nerve branches. CONCLUSION--No evidence of abnormal deposits in any specimen was found. The carbohydrate composition of intraocular exfoliation material may differ from that of exfoliation-like fibres often detected in the conjunctiva by electron microscopy.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1995

Development of cytoskeleton in neuroectodermally derived epithelial and muscle cells of the human eye.

PURPOSE: To analyze the cytoskeletal development in neuroectodermally derived epithelial and muscle cells of the human eye during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. METHODS: Nine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetal autopsy eyes from the 13th to 40th week of gestation were studied with eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to intermediate filaments and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) by the avidin-biotinylated-peroxidase complex method. RESULTS: The epithelium of the iris reacted with mAbs Vim 3B4 and V9 to vimentin in all eyes. Reactivity with mAb CAM 5.2 to cytokeratin (CK) 8 and mAb CY-90 and KS-B17.2 to CK 18 disappeared from the iris epithelium by the 28th gestational week. mAb 1A4 to alpha SMA labeled its anterior layer from the 28th week on. mAbs DE-U-10 and D33 to desmin labeled dilator fibers by the 37th week, and focal reactivity for CK 8 and 18 concurrently appeared. The developing iris sphincter reacted for alpha SMA in all eyes. It was labeled increasingly for desmin from the 18th week on, whereas initial reactivity for vimentin gradually disappeared after the 22nd week. mAbs to vimentin, CK 8, and CK 18 labeled the ciliary epithelium and the retinal pigment epithelium in all eyes, except for lack of CK 8 and 18 in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium at the 13th week. The ciliary muscle reacted uniformly for vimentin and alpha SMA and from the 16th week on for desmin. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the individuality of cytoskeletal profiles in the neuroectodermal epithelial and muscle cells of the eye and clarify the formation of the peculiar cytoskeleton typical of the adult human eye. They also offer a framework for detecting cytoskeletal changes in developmental anomalies of the eye after the first trimester of pregnancy.

Ciliary Body↗