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Biomedical subjects

T Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Synaptogenesis in the cervical cord of the human embryo: sequence of synapse formation in a spinal reflex pathway.

Synaptogenesis in the cervical cord was studied by light and electron microscopy in human embryos ranging from four to seven weeks of ovulation age. The stage of embryonic development was estimated on the basis of external morphology of embryos and histology of the eye ball with reference to Streeter's horizon. No synapses were found in the cervical cord of the embryo at Streeter's horizon XIV (8 mm; estimated ovulation age, 28-30 days). A small number of axodendritic synapses appear in the motor neuropil of the cervical cord at Streeter's horizon XVII (14 mm; estimated ovulation age, 34-36 days). Since no primary afferents are demonstrated to reach the motor neuropil at this stage (the premotile period), these synapses are considered to be formed between interneurons and motor neurons. On the other hand, the formation of synapses outside the motor neuropil of the cervical cord was recognized at Streeter's horizon XX (22 mm; estimated ovulation age, 40-42 days), which corresponded to the period of onset of the precocious reflex, but not by horizon XIX (18 mm; estimated ovulation age, 38-40 days). The first axosomatic synapses were found in the motor neuropil at Streeter's horizon XVII (estimated ovulation age, 34-36 days). The present study suggests that the formation of synapses between interneurons and dendrites of spinal motor neurons precedes that of synapses between interneurons and collaterals of primary afferents. This sequence of synaptogenesis is in agreement with that reported in earlier studies with silver stain methods.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1979

Causes of locking metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and its non-operative treatment.

The non-operative method of reduction of locking metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is described, and illustrated by four case reports. Experimental studies in the hands of a fresh cadaver are also described. Locking of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb can be produced by slight external forces, insufficient to damage strong tissues. Incarceration of the sesamoid bone is anatomically impossible, but incarceration of the proximal portion of the volar plate is believed to be the true cause. This incarceration can be reduced easily by our non-operative method along with intra-articular injection of local anaesthetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Muscle flap with simultaneous mesh skin graft for skin defects of the lower leg.

Since 1974 we have performed muscle flap transposition (myoplasty) for the treatment of a skin loss of the lower leg with associated exposure of the bone. In order that the operative treatment may be completed in one stage, mesh skin graft was done simultaneously with muscle transfer. Twelve cases so far have been treated successfully by this procedure, the mesh skin graft taking well on the muscle flap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Enhanced production of interferon and appearance of cytotoxin stimulated by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae or bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Interferon production stimulated by the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) in BCG-infected mice was compared with that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Prior infection with BCG increased the responsiveness of mice to the lethal effect of neutral CPS-K as well as to that of LPS. Associated with this, BCG-infected mice showed a markedly enhanced ability to produce interferon after stimulation not only by LPS but also by neutral CPS-K. In addition, a cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) was found to be released in the serum of BCG-infected mice after injection of these inducers. The kinetics of production of interferon and cytotoxin stimulated by neutral CPS-K were very similar to those stimulated by LPS. The time pattern of cytotoxin production was not in parallel with that of interferon production. Interferon reached a peak 2 hr and cytotoxin 3 hr after injection with these inducers. Interferon and cytotoxin produced by neutral CPS-K showed essentially the same stabilities to heating at 56 C and to treatment at pH 2 respectively as those produced by LPS. Interferon was inactivated by heating at 56 C more rapidly than cytotoxin. Cytotoxin was inactivated by treatment at pH 2 for 24 hr, whereas interferon activity was well preserved after this treatment. These results suggest that both activities are the result of different substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Dural-cortical anastomosis in pial arteriovenous malformation. Case report.

A patient is reported with a purely pial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) supplied from the posterior parietal artery. The prominent middle meningeal artery contributed to opacification of the angular branches distal to the AVM, but did not contribute to the AVM. After total removal of the AVM, the angular branches became opacified from the middle cerebral artery. Review of the literature suggests that hypertrophied dural arteries which do not contribute to the AVM's but which do opacify the cortical branches distal to the AVM's are rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of the trigeminal nerve by an elongated and dilated basilar artery.

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia caused by direct compression by an elongated basilar artery of the 5th nerve at the zone of entry of its sensory root into the pons is presented. Rhizotomy of the portio major is a treatment of choice in such a case instead of simple microsurgical decompression. The elongated basilar artery is very firm and not readily movable with manipulation.

Basilar Artery↗