Negative-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry of native gangliosides using a high-polar matrix system.
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Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
T Komori
Publications and source records attributed to T Komori.
Influence of peripheral afferents on cortical and spinal motoneuron excitability.
The objective of this study was to establish to what extent muscle, cutaneous, and joint afferents alter the excitability of spinal and cortical motor neurons. This question was examined by studying the impact of electrical stimulation of the second and third digits, the median nerve at the wrist, and the recurrent thenar motor branch on the F/H and magneto-electrical cortical motor responses (MEPs) of the thenar muscles. The firing frequencies of single F/H motor unit action potentials were unaltered by the foregoing conditioning peripheral stimuli. MEPs conditioned by motor threshold stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist or the recurrent motor branch were significantly increased in size at conditioning to test intervals of 50 to 80 milliseconds. No significant change in MEP size resulted from conditioning stimulation of the digital nerves. We conclude that muscle afferents were primarily responsible for the increase in MEP size. Conditioning stimuli may allow examiners to assess central motor conduction where it would otherwise be impossible.
Action Potentials↗
Reye's syndrome in Olmsted County, Minnesota: did it exist before 1963?
In this study, our goals were to determine whether Reye's syndrome existed before the first published report of this entity in 1963 and to describe the long-term incidence and trend of this syndrome. Medical and pathologic records and pathologic specimens for Mayo Clinic patients, including those who were residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, were reviewed through the facilities of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. On review, 12 cases were identified for the period 1920 through 1962; 2 of these cases were in Olmsted County residents. Of the 12 cases identified before 1963, 10 were in patients younger than 5 years of age. In addition to the aforementioned two cases, five others in Olmsted County were diagnosed between 1963 and 1989. Incidence rates were computed for the Olmsted County population. The number of cases and rates per 100,000 persons younger than 18 years of age in that population were 2 cases (0.3) for 1920 through 1962, 4 cases (0.7) for 1963 through 1980, and 1 case (0.4) for 1981 through 1989. Although cases found during the earlier periods may have included disorders that mimic Reye's syndrome, the recommended criteria from the Centers for Disease Control were applied to review of medical records and supported by pathologic findings in the liver. The data showed an age distribution tending toward young patients and no seasonality of occurrence. The incidence rates in Olmsted County, Minnesota, showed an increase for 1963 through 1980 over previous decades, followed by a decrease. The small numbers preclude any conclusion about trends in the incidence rates.
Child↗
Structures of four new triterpenoid oligoglycosides: DS-penaustrosides A, B, C, and D from the sea cucumber Pentacta australis.
Two new non-holostane-type triterpenoid oligoglycosides, DS-penaustrosides A [1] and B [2], were isolated from the solvolysate of a crude glycoside fraction obtained from a sea cucumber Pentacta australis, together with two holostane-type glycosides, DS-penaustrosides C [3] and D [4]. The structure of 1-4 have been elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.
Animals↗
Biphenomycin A production by a mixed culture.
Production of biphenomycin A by Streptomyces griseorubiginosus 43708 was stimulated by a mixed culture with a partner strain, Pseudomonas maltophilia 1928. This stimulatory effect on biphenomycin A accumulation by the mixed culture was caused by the enzyme activity which strain 1928 possessed. It is suggested that in a mixed culture strain 43708 produces a precursor of biphenomycin A in culture broth and that strain 1928 converts the precursor to biphenomycin A.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Effects of restraint stress on plaque-forming cell response in normal and olfactory bulbectomized mice.
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Animals↗
Norspermidine inhibits LPS-induced immunoglobulin production in an FCS-independent mechanism different from spermidine and spermine.
The immunosuppressive effects of several polyamines were compared. The triamines (norspermidine (NSPD) and spermidine (SPD] and the tetramines (norspermine (NSPM) and spermine (SPM] but not the diamines (1,3-diaminopropane and putrescine) inhibited IgM production from murine splenocytes stimulated with LPS. The estimated IC50 of NSPD was 2.29 x 10(-7) M. The inhibitory effect of NSPD on IgM production was associated with the inhibition of cell growth, because DNA and RNA syntheses measured by 3H-TdR and 3H-UR incorporation were also similarly reduced. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of NSPD were over ten times greater than those of SPD in spite of the fact that their difference in chemical structure is only one carbon chain. In a FCS-free medium NSPD retained its suppressive activities on LPS-induced IgM production, but the other polyamines were remarkably weakened in their activities. These immunosuppressive effects of NSPD were prevented by adding substances of the intracellular polyamine metabolism, putrescine, SPD or SPM. These findings suggest that NSPD inhibits B cell growth and differentiation by interfering with the polyamine metabolism pathway.
Animals↗
[A case of delayed myeloneuropathy due to malathion intoxication].
We report a patient with serious organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity due to malathion. The patient was a 49-year-old male with a history of habitual alcohol drinking, who ingested approximately 100 ml of 50% malathion [S-1,2-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-ethyl-0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate solution], with a large amount of alcohol in a suicide attempt. Following recovery from an acute cholinergic phase 36 hours after ingestion, respiratory muscle weakness, consciousness disturbance and diffuse weakness of the limb muscles occurred, necessitating mechanical ventilation. On the 7th hospital day, glove and stocking type sensory disturbance was observed and weakness of the limbs had progressed to distal dominant flaccid quadriparalysis with moderate muscle atrophy. Two months after onset, neurogenic bladder and spinal automatism became obvious. After 7 months, spasticity of the lower limbs developed, while the weakness of the upper limbs improved. Sural nerve biopsy showed axonal degeneration, loss of large myelinated fibers and increases in Schwann cell clusters. These findings were similar to those seen in patient with triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) intoxication. The symptoms of this patient seemed to correspond to Senanayake's "intermediate syndrome". The final clinical features and sural nerve biopsy findings were in close agreement with those in patients with serious organophosphorus compounds induced delayed neurotoxicity due to TOCP intoxication. However, this patient exhibited more severe neuropathy than seen in previously reported cases of organophosphorus compounds induced delayed neurotoxicity caused by less toxic organophosphorus compounds, such as Dipterex. This suggests that alcohol might have been an etiological factor in damage of nervous tissue in this rare case. This is the first case of organophosphorus compounds induced delayed neurotoxicity due to malathion to be reported in Japan.
Biopsy↗
[Monoparesis due to the brachial plexus neuritis by herpes zoster virus--report of a case].
A 73-year-old woman suffering from the acute onset monoparesis of her right arm which followed the skin eruption with mild sensory disturbance of right C4-6 level, was reported. Electrophysiological examinations revealed the brachial plexus neuritis and axonal degeneration of the proximal portion, with the evidence of herpes zoster infection. Her paresis of the right arm gradually improved without any medication during her hospital course. It was concluded that herpes zoster should be considered to be one of the causes of acute onset brachial plexopathy.
Aged↗
Monoclonal anti-VH141 antibodies that specifically recognize the heavy chain variable region of, and are closely related to, MOPC141 myeloma protein whose VH gene belongs to VHQ52 family.
To raise monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the heavy chain variable region of MOPC141 myeloma protein (VH141), which belongs to VHQ52 family, rats were immunized with Fd'-conjugated keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) (Fd': Fd' fragments of MOPC141), and the spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells. The resulting 900 hybridomas were screened for antibody activity against Fd'1 fragments having no constant H-chain sequences, which were prepared by cleavage of the Fd' fragments with cyanogen bromide, and two monoclonal antibodies, designated 3-2-7h and 3-5-6f, were obtained. Radioimmunoassay inhibition test showed that the two monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized the VH141, but each was directed to a different determinant on the VH141. When the functional VH gene of Abelson virus-transformed mu-producing pre-B cells, which could be strongly stained with 3-5-6f monoclonal antibody, was cloned and sequenced, the VH gene was closely relate to that of MOPC141 (88% and 94% homology at amino acid and DNA level, respectively). Taken together, the results indicated that 3-2-7h had high specificity only for the VH141, whereas 3-5-6f specifically reacted not only with the VH141 but also with the VH region closely related to that of MOPC141, and that both the monoclonal anti-VH141 antibodies were specific for a limited range of VH regions within the VHQ52 family rather than being VHQ52 family specific. These monoclonal anti-VH141 antibodies should be very useful to determine at a single cell level by immunofluorescence the usage of the VH gene(s) identical or closely related to that of MOPC141 during early B-cell development.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
An autopsy case of human T lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM) with a duration of 28 years.
An autopsy case of human T lymphotropic virus I-associated myelopathy (HAM) of a duration of 28 years in a 61-year-old man with serological confirmation of HTLV-I infection was reported. The spinal cord was grossly atrophic. There was severe symmetrical degeneration of the lateral funiculi, particularly of the bilateral pyramidal tracts, involving all levels of the spinal cord, but anterior horn cells were relatively well preserved. In the most severely damaged middle and lower thoracic segments, the white matter degeneration also involved the anterior funiculi. In the degenerated white matter, both the myelin and axons were equally lost and had been replaced by glial scars. Marked adventitial fibrosis was commonly seen in small parenchymal vessels in both the white and gray matter. Although there was no evidence of inflammation in the spinal cord, mild lymphocytic infiltration was occasionally observed in the subarachnoid and perivascular spaces in the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebrum. This case was considered as a burnt-out case of HAM.
Autopsy↗
Adverse effects of obesity on lipid and lipoprotein levels in the patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes in the young.
We studied the association of obesity with serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 117 patients (62 males and 55 females) with NIDDY and in 40 nondiabetic control subjects (21 males and 19 females). Obesity at a young age was related to increased lipid and lipoprotein levels both in the patients with NIDDM and the control group. Moreover, low HDL-c levels were aggravated by diabetic status only in males. The BMI and fasting insulin level had a statistically significant correlation with the TG and HDL-c level and various atherogenic factors. Therefore, it is suggested that the lipid abnormalities seen in obesity may be associated with hyperinsulinemia. We conclude that obesity in adolescence leads to aberrations of the serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, particularly in obese males with NIDDY.
Adolescent↗
Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in discrete brain regions of depression model rats.
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was measured in discrete brain regions of rats during short-term forced running stress (FRS). TH activity was also determined in a depression-like state and in a recovered state after a long-term FRS. Under the short-term FRS, the TH activity showed a significant increase in the locus ceruleus, certain limbic regions and tuberoinfundibular system. In the depression-like state, however, there was a significant decrease in the locus ceruleus and certain limbic regions, but a significant increase was seen in the median eminence. The TH activity in recovered rats showed no difference from the level in the controls. These findings demonstrate an adaptive increase in the TH activity in relation to stress, and may also indicate a failure of adaptation in the depression-like state.
Amygdala↗
CNS involvement in Japanese patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.
Thirteen consecutive Japanese patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) were studied by MRI, evoked potentials, and EEG. We found 3 of these patients exhibited symptoms of CNS disorders. Of these 3, 2 with abnormal MRI and visual evoked potentials, and one with abnormal brainstem auditory evoked potentials were detected. Another case without clinical CNS signs showed abnormal EEG findings. The subclinical CNS abnormalities found in the Japanese patients were considered to be less frequent than in cases from Western countries reported previously.
Adolescent↗
VHDJH to JH joining is not blocked in mu-chain-producing pre-B cells, implying the breakdown of allelic exclusion.
Intracytoplasmic mu-positive pre-B cells (mu+VH315- cells) transformed with Abelson virus continuously produced cells (mu+VH315+ cells) that were double-stained by anti-mu and anti-VH315 antibodies which specifically recognized the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region identical or closely related to that of MOPC315 myeloma protein. Southern blot analysis indicated that the mu+VH315+ cells were generated from the mu+VH315- cells by the VH315.D.JH2 to a germline JH3 joining on the non-productive VH315.D.JH2 allele, which resulted in the production of mu-chains with variable region detectable by anti-VH315 antibodies. Therefore, it is strongly indicated that VHDJH to JH joining is not blocked in mu-chain-producing pre-B cells, and thus is free from allelic exclusion machinery.
Abelson murine leukemia virus↗
Trichomycin B, a polyene macrolide from Streptomyces.
Two polyene macrolide, trichomycins A and B, were compared by physico-chemical and microbiological methods. The two antibiotics were found to have the same molecular formula, C58H84N2O18 (MW 1,096), by elemental analysis and FAB-MS. However, 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry studies indicated that the hydroxyl at C-5 of trichomycin A located on C-9 in trichomycin B. Trichomycin B possessed lower activities against fungi and yeasts than those of trichomycin A.
Antifungal Agents↗
Trichomycin A, a heptaene macrolide: isolation and characterization.
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Animals↗
[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with central nervous system involvement--as compared to multiple sclerosis].
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) with central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating lesions has recently been reported to mimic multiple sclerosis (MS). In this paper, a series of patients with CIDP were examined to see if they had CNS involvement. CIDP patients with CNS lesions were then compared to patients with MS with peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement for similarities. CNS and PNS involvement were detected by clinical symptoms, neurological findings, neuro-otological and neuro-ophthalmological tests, electrophysiological examinations such as electroencephalography, evoked potentials, blink reflex, conventional peripheral nerve conduction studies and electromyography, as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There were 7 of 17 CIDP patients with CNS involvement, but only 2 of 59 MS patients with PNS lesions were found. The rate of CIDP with CNS involvement (41.2%) was higher than that of MS with PNS lesions (3.4%). The CNS signs and symptoms of 7 CIDP patients were not so constant as their PNS symptoms, and consisted of 1 case with optic neuritis, 4 cases with cerebellar atxia and/or nystagmus, and 3 cases with spinal symptoms. These signs and symptoms are all well known in MS. Prolonged latencies on evoked potentials and high signal white matter lesions on T2 weighted MRI, indicating demyelinating CNS lesions were also similar to those found in MS. The CNS involvement in those patients with CIDP was therefore similar in character to those found in MS, but was far less severe than the PNS finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗