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Biomedical subjects

T Kuramoto

Publications and source records attributed to T Kuramoto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Chromosomal assignments of 17 structural genes and 11 related DNA fragments in rats (Rattus norvegicus) by Southern blot analysis of rat x mouse somatic cell hybrid clones.

DNA from 18 rat x mouse somatic cell hybrid clones, which segregated individual rat chromosomes, was analyzed by Southern blot for chromosomal gene assignments. Through the use of 17 DNA probes cloned from 7 rat genes, A2M, ATP1A1, ATP1A2, ATP1A3, B2M, GSTP, and SMST; 5 mouse genes, Ncam, Ngfg, Pim-1, Tcp-1, and Trp53; and 5 human genes, MBP, MYB, NEFM, SCN2A, and TCRGC1, 17 structural genes including 15 newly assigned genes and 11 related DNA fragments were assigned to particular rat chromosomes. Syntenic conservation of the genes among rats, mice, and humans is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Rat gene mapping using PCR-analyzed microsatellites.

One hundred and seventy-four rat loci which contain short tandem repeat sequences were extracted from the GenBank or EMBL data bases and used to define primers for amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the microsatellite regions, creating PCR-formatted sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMSs). One hundred and thirty-four STMSs for 118 loci, including 6 randomly cloned STMSs, were characterized: (i) PCR-analyzed loci were assigned to specific chromosomes using a panel of rat x mouse somatic cell hybrid clones. (ii) Length variation of the STMSs among 8 inbred rat strains could be visualized at 85 of 107 loci examined (79.4%). (iii) A genetic map, integrating biochemical, coat color, mutant and restriction fragment length polymorphism loci, was constructed based on the segregation of 125 polymorphic markers in seven rat backcrosses and in two F2 crosses. Twenty four linkage groups were identified, all of which were assigned to a defined chromosome. As a reflection of the bias for coding sequences in the public data bases, the STMSs described herein are often associated with genes. Hence, the genetic map we report coincides with a gene map. The corresponding map locations of the homologous mouse and human genes are also listed for comparative mapping purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Increase of CD23-positive cells in peripheral blood from patients with IgA nephropathy and non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis.

CD23 is a surface marker of activated B cells as well as a low-affinity Fc receptor for IgE. In this study, we enumerated CD23-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes and evaluated their clinical significance in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Twenty-five patients with IgAN and 16 patients with non-IgA proliferative glomerulonephritis (PGN) were studied. Twenty-seven healthy adults served as controls. CD23-bearing cells were enumerated by flow cytometry, and serum IgE levels were measured by latex photometric immunoassay. Significant increases in the number of CD23-positive cells were observed in patients with IgAN (p less than 0.01) and PGN (p less than 0.05) compared with controls. A significant elevation of serum IgE levels was also observed in the patients with IgAN and PGN (p less than 0.05). No positive correlation between the number of CD23-positive cells and serum IgE levels was observed. We also examined the induction of surface CD23 expression on peripheral lymphocytes by interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate. IL-4 was revealed to have a significantly potent effect on the induction of cell surface CD23 compared with other stimulants. It was concluded that many patients with IgAN or PGN show high serum IgE levels and/or high CD23-positive cell counts in their peripheral blood, suggesting that hyperactivation of B cells might be involved in the development of IgAN and non-IgA PGN. It appeared that IL-4 may play a significant role in the etiology of these types of glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: clinical and biochemical evaluation of eight patients and review of the literature.

We present the clinical and laboratory findings of 8 patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. The clinical features consisted of a combination of bilateral Achilles tendon xanthomas, cataracts, low intelligence, pyramidal signs, cerebellar signs, convulsions, peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, cardiovascular disease or atherosclerosis, EEG abnormality, and increased CSF protein. Increased cholesterol was present in the serum, CSF and red cell membrane of all 8 patients. The bile of one patient with late age onset of the disease showed an attenuated production of bile acids and bile alcohols. Three of the 7 had obstruction and/or marked narrowing of the coronary arteries. Data on 136 patients reported throughout the world are reviewed.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1991

Identification of (23S)-5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23,25-pentol in urine of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

This paper describes the identification of a new bile alcohol possessing the 5 alpha-cholestane structure that was found in the urine of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. The urine samples were extracted with reversed-phase resin, treated with beta-glucuronidase, and separated on silica gel and reversed-phase column chromatography. The new bile alcohol isolated was the second component of the urinary bile alcohols and was identified as (23S)-5 alpha-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,23,25-pentol by means of gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Significance of levels of circulating IgA-class immune complex in discriminant analysis of patients with IgA nephropathy before renal biopsy.

Discriminant analysis of clinical markers including circulating IgA-class immune complex (IgA-CIC) before renal biopsy in patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Fifty-six patients with IgA nephropathy (IgA nephropathy group) and 54 patients with other primary chronic glomerulonephritis (non-IgA nephropathy group) were examined. Discriminant analysis was applied to separate these two groups by using 21 clinical markers including levels of IgA-CIC. The levels of IgA-CIC in sera were measured by a solid-phase anti-C3 Facb enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Among these clinical markers, the levels of serum IgA, IgA-CIC and creatinine, and the degree of microhematuria in the IgA nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-IgA nephropathy group. Contributions of IgA and IgA-CIC to the classification were very high and both had almost the same effect. The correct classification rate was 80.00% using five clinical markers: serum IgA, microhematuria, IgA-CIC, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. It was shown that the levels of serum IgA and IgA-CIC were major markers for the clinical diagnosis of patients with IgA nephropathy. It was concluded that discriminant analysis before renal biopsy was useful for the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Effects of dietary konjac mannan on serum and liver cholesterol levels and biliary bile acid composition in hamsters.

We studied the effect of dietary konjac mannan on serum and liver cholesterol levels and biliary bile acid composition in hamsters. In hamsters fed a control diet supplemented with konjac mannan for 6 weeks, serum and liver cholesterol levels were decreased significantly compared to hamsters fed the control diet. Addition of konjac mannan to the cholesterol-enriched diet reduced the elevation of serum cholesterol caused by feeding cholesterol. However, the absorption of cholesterol from the intestine was not changed between the four groups. The increase in the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid in biliary bile acids was significantly enhanced in the hamsters fed both cholesterol and konjac mannan compared to hamsters fed the control diet. The change of the bile acid composition may suggest that konjac mannan inhibits the intestinal absorption of bile acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Absorption, biliary excretion, and metabolism of a new cholelitholytic agent, ursodeoxycholyl N-carboxymethylglycine and its esters in rats.

Intestinal absorption, biliary excretion and metabolism of a calcium gallstone dissolving agent, [11,12-3H]ursodeoxycholyl-N-carboxymethylglycine (UDC-CMG) and its monoethyl, diethyl and dipivaloyloxyethyl esters (UDC-CMG-Et, UDC-CMG-Et2 and UDC-CMG-PV2) were studied in bile duct cannulated rats. Biliary recovery of [3H]-labeled UDC-CMG, UDC-CMG-Et and UDC-CMG-Et2 after intraduodenal administration were 65%, 80%, 98%, respectively. Radio-thin layer chromatography analysis of the bile revealed that UDC-CMG didn't undergo any biotransformation during administration and excretion. About 80% and 20% of radioactivity recovered in the bile was identified as UDC-CMG-Et and UDC-CMG, respectively, after intraduodenal administrations of [3H]UDC-CMG-Et2 and [3H]UDC-CMG-Et. The administered intact UDC-CMG-Et2 was not found in the bile. Intraduodenally administered [3H]UDC-CMG-PV2 was rapidly recovered in the bile. The total recovery rate was 78% within a 24 h period. More than 80% of the radioactivity recovered in the bile was found as UDC-CMG. Lesser amounts of the monopivaloyloxyethyl ester of UDC-CMG were also found, but intact UDC-CMG-PV2 was not detected in the bile as in the case of UDC-CMG-Et2. Among the esters of UDC-CMG investigated in the present studies, only UDC-CMG-PV2 was excreted in the bile mainly as the perhydrolyzed form, UDC-CMG. These results suggest the usefulness of UDC-CMG-PV2 as the pro-drug in calcium gallstone dissolution therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Composition of cerebro-spinal fluid during enflurane anesthesia].

The compositions of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) during enflurane (GOE group; n = 15) and neurolept (NLA group; n = 8) anesthesia were investigated in patients undergoing ventriculo-peritoneal shunt operation. Duration of anesthesia from induction to sampling of CSF was 130 minutes in both groups. Average inhalational concentration of enflurane was 1.6 +/- 0.8%. The concentrations of the electrolytes in CSF and the ratios of them to those in serum were maintained within considerably narrow ranges in both groups without statistical difference. The glucose, protein and osmolarity in CSF or serum were not different between the groups. It is concluded that enflurane does not induce abnormalities in the composition of CSF during clinical anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and identification of bile salts conjugated with cysteinolic acid from bile of the red seabream, Pagrosomus major.

Bile salts present in gallbladder of wild and cultured red seabream, Pagrosomus major, a marine teleost were analyzed. The bile from wild red seabream was found to contain two previously unknown bile salts along with two known bile salts, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate. Isolation of each bile salt was performed by column chromatography. Fast atom bombardment mass spectra of the unknown bile salts showed the molecular ions (M-H)- of m/z 544 and 528 which are shifted 30 mass units upfield compared to those (m/z 514 and 498) of taurocholate and taurochendeoxycholate, respectively; this is consistent with the presence of cysteinolic acid (mol wt 155) instead of taurine (mol wt 125). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the bile salts released cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, respectively, and an amino acid that was identified as D-cysteinolic acid by direct comparison with an authentic sample. From these results, the bile salts in the bile of wild red seabream were identified as the conjugates of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid with cysteinolic acid. 1H- and 13C-magnetic resonance spectra of the bile salts were also consistent with the proposed structure. The cysteinolic acid conjugates were found only in wild and not in cultured red seabream; this distinction seems to result from differences in dietary cysteinolic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

No increase in antibodies to six food antigens in Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy.

It has been postulated that mucosa-related antigens are involved in the development of IgA nephropathy. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether food antigens have any relation to IgA nephropathy in Japan. Sera from 15 patients with IgA nephropathy and 15 healthy controls were examined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody titers were measured against six food-derived antigens, i.e. rice, soy bean paste, soy sauce, egg yolk, egg white and gluten, all of which are frequently found in the ordinary Japanese diet. No significant differences between patients and controls were found. It was concluded that food antigens appear to have little, if any, relation to IgA nephropathy.

Egg Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Rheumatoid factors and glomerulonephritis.

It is presently unknown whether rheumatoid factors have a pathogenic role in the development of various types of glomerulonephritis with immune deposits. Three isotypes of rheumatoid factors (RFs), which are autoantibodies to IgG, were measured using the solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay in sera from patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis (DPLN), membranous lupus nephritis (MLN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN). RF activity of immunoglobulins deposited in the glomeruli from these patients was also studied by examining the binding of the FITC-conjugated human IgG and Fc portion of IgG to the glomeruli of renal biopsy specimens. IgG, IgA and IgM RFs were significantly increased in sera from patients with DPLN, and the increase was significantly lower in patients with MLN, IgAN and MN. Human IgG bound to immunoglobulin on the glomeruli only in DPLN, but not in MLN, IgAN or MN. The Fc portion of IgG was demonstrated to be involved in this reaction. It was suggested that RFs and IgG may play a major role in immune deposits on the glomeruli in DPLN and may be involved in the development of DPLN; however, this is not likely in MLN, IgAN or MN.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1990

A study on follicle stimulation and ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

The present study was undertaken to verify the efficacy of preparations for inducing follicular maturation and ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Successful induction of ovulation in patients with PCOS was observed in treatment cycles with daily injections or pulsatile subcutaneous administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), the combination of clomiphene citrate and bromocriptine, or the combination of clomiphene citrate and hMG. The incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome varied with the different clinical conditions in which ovulation was induced, the types of preparations administered, and the doses and schedules administered.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1990

Identification of short side chain bile acids in urine of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Urine from patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) was found to contain a number of minor bile acids along with three major bile acids, 7-epicholic acid, norcholic acid, and cholic acid. The following minor bile acids were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: 7-ketobisnordeoxycholic acid; 12-ketobisnorchenodeoxycholic acid; 7-ketonordeoxycholic acid; 12-ketochenodeoxycholic acid; 7-ketodeoxycholic acid; 12-ketochendeoxycholic acid; bisnorcholic acid; allonorcholic acid; allocholic acid; 1 beta-hydroxybisnorcholic acid; 1 beta-hydroxynorcholic acid; 1 beta-hydroxycholic acid; 2 beta-hydroxybisnorcholic acid; 2 beta-hydroxy-norcholic acid; 2 beta-hydroxycholic acid. The presence of C22 and C23 bile acids in urine of the CTX patients suggests that bile alcohols having a hydroxyl group at C22 or C23 in the side chain may be further degraded to these bile acids.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1990

[Severe lightning pain during spinal anesthesia].

A 74-yr-old man was scheduled for the biopsy of prostatic tumor under spinal anesthesia. Preoperative serologic test for syphilis was highly positive. Spinal anesthesia was performed in the sitting position, and 2 ml of hyperbaric Neo-percamine S (a mixture of 0.24% dibucaine and 0.12% T-caine) was administered uneventfully with the onset of warm sensation on the perineal region. Ten minutes later, however, he began to complain of severe lightning sensation on the feet. After giving pentazocine intravenously, the short cystoscopic procedure was completed. As a cause of severe pain, an erroneous anesthetic solution or direct neuronal injury had been excluded because of rapid and complete recovery after anesthesia. Two weeks later, he was scheduled for TUR-P. He again complained of severe lightning pain after the successful spinal anesthesia with the same anesthetic solution. Because the pain was not relieved by analgesics, he was then anesthetized with enflurane and N2O in oxygen, and there were no neurological complications after anesthesia. Several cases of severe pain during spinal anesthesia have been reported in patients with tabes dorsalis. Although the patient lacks clear symptoms of neurosyphilis, positive serologic examination for syphilis without any other possible causes suggests altered sensitivity of the spinal cord to anesthetic solutions.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Application of fuzzy algorithms for ventilatory control during clinical anesthesia].

A computer program, which calculates the required minute volume using fuzzy set rule incorporating the authors' clinical experiences, was developed to keep a stable PCO2 during anesthesia, and its clinical usefulness was examined on 30 consecutive patients. The program requires the value of end-tidal CO2 concentrations at present, and 5 minutes before, and arterial-end-tidal CO2 tension difference (aEDCO2), and generates the adjustable value of minute volume to maintain the constant PaCO2 (acceptable range; 37 to 33 mmHg). Twenty-three cases were successfully controlled after adopting the calculated minute volume, which closely coincided with our clinical experiences. Seven cases, on the other hand, did not show the anticipated PaCO2 change, because of incidental leakage of endotracheal cuff (2 cases), larger aEDCO2 than the expected value of 4 mmHg (4 cases), or mild pulmonary edema (1 case). It has become clear that in the steady anesthetized patients, the program based on the authors' clinical experiences, which was made possible with the concept of fuzzy set rule, can be used to control the PaCO2 within the strict range during variable anesthetic situations.

Adult↗