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Biomedical subjects

T Kuusi

Publications and source records attributed to T Kuusi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Glycemic control and serum lipoproteins after total pancreatectomy.

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in 10 patients who had undergone total pancreatectomy. The results were compared with Type I diabetic patients and normal subjects, all of whom were matched for age, sex and weight. At the same level of glycemic control, the daily need for insulin was significantly lower in the patients with pancreatogenic diabetes than in those with Type I diabetes. Concentrations of serum total VLDL and HDL triglyceride were higher in the pancreatectomized patients than in the diabetic or normal controls, whereas concentrations of serum total and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower. The composition of the VLDL, LDL and HDL particles was abnormal in the totally pancreatectomized patients as all three lipoprotein fractions were enriched in triglyceride. HDL2 cholesterol was similar in the totally pancreatectomized patients to that in the other two groups but HDL3 cholesterol was lower. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were normal. It is concluded that in totally pancreatectomized patients the changes in the lipoprotein profile on reflect more the action of various confounding factors, i.e. malabsorption, continuance of alcohol abuse and dietary changes than the impact of the diabetes itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute effects of marathon running on levels of serum lipoproteins and androgenic hormones in healthy males.

The acute effects of marathon (42.2 km) running on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, particularly high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, and on levels of serum androgenic hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone were studied in 20 healthy non- champion -class joggers participating in the First North Karelian Heart Marathon. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were unchanged after the marathon, whereas the lipoprotein distribution of both lipids was significantly altered. Very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) and cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels decreased significantly, whereas low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG) but not cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were increased, suggesting an accumulation of VLDL remnants in the LDL density range. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) level rose significantly owing to an increase in HDL2-C. HDL3-C level remained the same. Serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, the main apolipoprotein constituents of HDL, did not change during the marathon but their distribution between the HDL subfractions differed, indicating a conversion of HDL3 to HDL2. Serum levels of LH, testosterone, and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) all decreased during the marathon. The changes in levels of serum lipoproteins and androgenic hormones were not interrelated. We concluded that the short-term regulation of HDL levels during acute exhaustive exercise is controlled not by changes in serum androgenic hormones but by enhanced degradation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A novel electrophoretic variant of human apolipoprotein E. Identification and characterization of apolipoprotein E1.

A new apolipoprotein E (apo E) phenotype has been demonstrated in a Finnish hypertriglyceridemic subject (R.M.). At the time of this study, R.M.'s plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were 1,021 and 230 mg/dl, respectively. The subject's apo E isoelectric focusing pattern was characterized by two major bands, one in the E3 position and the other in the E1 position. Normally the E1 position is occupied by sialylated derivatives of apo E4, E3, or E2. The E1 band of subject R.M. is not a sialylated form, however, because it was not affected by neuraminidase digestion. The identity of the E1 variant as a genetically determined structure was established by amino acid and partial sequence analyses, confirming that the variant is an example of a previously uncharacterized apo E phenotype, E3/1. Both cysteamine modification and amino acid analysis demonstrated that this variant contains two cysteine residues per mole. Sequence analysis of two cyanogen bromide fragments and one tryptic fragment of the apo E3/1 showed that it differs from E2(Arg158----Cys) at residue 127, where an aspartic acid residue is substituted for glycine. This single amino acid interchange is sufficient to account for the one-charge difference observed on isoelectric focusing gels between E2(Arg158----Cys) and the E1 variant. The variant has been designated E1 (Gly127----Asp, Arg158----Cys). When compared with apo E3, the E1 variant demonstrated reduced ability to compete with 125I-LDL for binding to LDL (apo B,E) receptors on cultured fibroblasts (approximately 4% of the amount of binding of apo E3). This defective binding is similar to that of E2-(Arg158----Cys). Therefore, the binding defect of the variant is probably due to the presence of cysteine at residue 158, rather than aspartic acid at residue 127. In contrast, the apo E3 isoform from this subject demonstrated normal binding activity, indicating that it has a normal structure. In family studies, the vertical transmission of the apo E1 variant has been established. It is not yet clear, however, if the hypertriglyceridemia observed in the proband is associated with the presence of the E1(Gly127----Asp, Arg158----Cys) variant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Postheparin plasma lipase activities and plasma lipoproteins in newborn infants.

We measured blood glucose, serum insulin and apoprotein A-I and A-II, and triglycerides and cholesterol contained in serum lipoprotein fractions of 24 full-term newborn infants who underwent exchange transfusion with heparinized blood for hematological reasons. The values were similar to those previously reported for healthy newborn infants. We also measure lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities with specific methods. Fifteen minutes after an intravenous heparin bolus of 100 IU/kg, mean lipoprotein lipase activity in infants (16.0 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h) was as in adults. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity was significantly higher in infants (54.3 mumol free fatty acids/ml/h) than in adults. There was no sex difference in the infant lipase activities. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipase activities were also measured 5 and 15 min after a heparin bolus of 10 and 50 IU/kg: 10 IU/kg released only part of the lipase activities. In addition, the two lipases were measured during the exchange transfusion. Although 92% of the original infant blood was removed, lipoprotein lipase activity remained constant. In contrast, hepatic lipase activity decreased considerably. In infants, postheparin lipolytic activity is a conventional measure of lipoprotein lipase. Lipoprotein and hepatic lipases comprise 95% of postheparin lipolytic activity. In our infants, hepatic lipase activity was 3.4 times higher than lipoprotein lipase activity. Hence, it seems unjustified to use postheparin lipolytic activity as a measure of lipoprotein lipase.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1983

The selenium content of edible mushrooms in Finland.

In this investigation the selenium contents of 142 mushroom samples were determined. The majority of the samples were wild Finnish mushroom species generally used for human consumption. The selenium contents of some cultivated mushrooms were also determined. In all, the material analyzed consisted of 38 different mushroom species. Selenium concentrations were assayed after modified wet and dry ashing, by atomic-absorption spectrometry using the hydride technique and the standard-addition procedure. The reliability of the method was tested with certified standard reference materials. The results of analysis obtained indicate that selenium contents vary considerably between different mushroom species. Of the species investigated, by far the highest selenium contents were found in Boletus edulis (mean 17 mg/kg dry weight). Other mushrooms having considerable selenium contents included Macrolepiota (5.0 mg/kg), wild Agaricus spp. (2.7 mg/kg), Gasteromycetes (1.9 mg/kg), Lactarius torminosus (1.9 mg/kg) and Marasmius oreades (1.6 mg/kg). The contents in these mushrooms are sufficient to provide an amount of selenium that is nutritionally significant in relation to the total daily intake of selenium of the Finnish population. Other edible mushrooms generally used in Finnland, e.g. species belonging to Cantharellaceae, Russula, Boletaceae (other than B. edulis) and Lactarius (other than L. torminosus) contained only small amounts of selenium. The importance of these mushrooms as a source of selenium is therefore marginal. The selenium content of Lactarius torminosus decreased by an average of 32% during the blanching necessary before consumption of these mushrooms.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1983

Clofibrate decreases jejunal cholesterol synthesis and activity of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase in the rat.

Clofibrate treatment decreased drastically the activity of serum postheparin lipoprotein lipase of rats fed with fat-free test diet but had no effect on hepatic lipase. 3 weeks' treatment was followed by a significant fall in serum cholesterol caused by a marked decrease in HDL-cholesterol. Clofibrate decreased in vitro synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in jejunal villous cells but not in the crypt cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Human postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity against triacylglycerol and phospholipid substrates.

Recent evidence has suggested that the major physiological substrate of the heparin-releasable (postheparin plasma) hepatic lipase is HDL2-phospholipid. However, all the current assay methods for this enzyme are based on the use of triacylglycerol substrate. Even though both lipolytic activities of hepatic lipase are likely to be due to a single enzyme it is possible that the use of unphysiological lipid as a substrate may give misleading results. Therefore we did parallel assays of the activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase using triacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol and phospholipid substrates. The correlation coefficients between the three lipolytic activities were 0.95-0.98, indicating that identical results are obtained using any of these three lipids in the assay of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase.

Glycerides↗
PubMed1982

Lipoprotein lipase activity and serum lipoproteins in untreated type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes associated with obesity.

Serum lipoproteins and the heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were measured in 36 untreated obese patients with Type 2 (insulin-independent) diabetes and the values were compared with those of non-diabetic subjects of similar age, sex and relative body weight. In diabetic men, the LPL activity of adipose tissue was significantly reduced when expressed per tissue weight or per fat cell (p less than 0.01). Diabetic females had slightly but not significantly lower LPL activity in adipose tissue than the non-diabetic females. The muscle LPL activity was similar in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects of both sexes. When the diabetic men were classified according to fasting blood glucose, the patients with high glucose levels had lower adipose tissue LPL activity than those with moderate hyperglycemia. In both diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between HDL cholesterol concentrations and adipose tissue LPL activity. It is concluded that Type 2 diabetes influences adipose tissue LPL activity and plasma lipoprotein concentrations and that this effect is superimposed on the similar changes produced by obesity alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Plasma high density lipoproteins HDL2, HDL3 and postheparin plasma lipases in relation to parameters of physical fitness.

A number of studies has shown that the plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are increased by regular aerobic exercise. The plasma HDL, particularly HDL2, is regulated by the activity of 2 endothelial lipases, viz. lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL), which both can be assayed in postheparin plasma. In the present study the plasma levels of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol and the postheparin plasma lipase activities were related to parameters of physical fitness obtained from a pulse conducted maximal bicycle ergometer test. There was a significant positive correlation between HDL2 cholesterol and physical fitness (r = 0.52, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, the postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity showed a significant negative correlation to physical fitness (r = -0.57, P less than 0.01). The HDL2 cholesterol was inversely correlated with the HL activity (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). Application of partial correlation analysis to the data showed that the relationship between HDL2 cholesterol and fitness disappeared by keeping the HL activity constant whereas the correlation between HDL2 and HL was not influenced by fitness. The relation of HDL2 to fitness was independent in body fat and basal plasma insulin level; in addition the relationship between HL and fitness was not accounted for by body fatness. No relationship was found between physical fitness and LPL activity or between HDL3 and fitness. The results support the hypothesis that hepatic endothelial lipase has a role in the regulation of plasma HDL2 cholesterol and that the activity of this enzyme decreases upon increase of physical fitness.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and post-heparin plasma in primary endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia: relation to lipoprotein pattern and to obesity.

The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was determined from heparin eluates of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and from post-heparin plasma of sixty-five males with hypertriglyceridaemia and of seventy males with normal serum lipid levels. The patients were subgrouped by their lipoprotein concentrations into types 2b, 4 and 5. The mean LPL activity of adipose tissue (per tissue weight) of nonobese type 2b, 4 and 5 patients was reduced to 54%, 41% and 13%, respectively, of the corresponding value of normolipidaemic men. On the other hand, among obese hyperglyceridaemic men only those with type 5 showed a decreased LPL activity in adipose tissue (44%). The mean skeletal muscle LPL was subnormal in nonobese type 4 (55%) and in type 5 patients (34%) but was normal in type 2b and in obese type 4 patients. The post-heparin plasma LPL activity was significantly reduced in all nonobese hyperglyceridaemic groups but was normal in obese patients apart from cases with type 5 who had low values. One exceptional subject with type 5 had high post-heparin plasma LPL activity. It is concluded that a low LPL activity may be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridaemia in nonobese subjects and in patients having type 5 disorder.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of lipase activities in obese Pima indians. Decreases with weight reduction.

Adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase and postheparin hepatic and lipoprotein lipase activities have been measured in a group of 21 Pima Indian males over a wide range of body weight to determine the relationship between obesity and these lipase activities. There was a significant positive correlation between adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase and obesity; muscle and postheparin lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were not related to degree of obesity. Fasting insulin levels were not related to any of the measurements of lipase activity. There were racial differences in adipose and postheparin lipoprotein lipase activities; both were significantly lower in the Pimas as compared with a group of weight-matched Caucasian males. Lipase activities were remeasured in eight subjects after a period of weight reduction including several weeks of stabilization at the reduced weights. After the period of weight reduction adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase declined in all subjects. Hepatic lipase also declined in all but two patients. Muscle and postheparin lipolytic activities were not affected by weight loss. The data indicate that (a) there are racial differences in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase; and (b) the elevated adipose lipoprotein lipase associated with obesity, like many other biochemical variables in the obese state, returns toward normal after weight reduction.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

High density lipoprotein-2 and hepatic lipase: reciprocal changes produced by estrogen and norgestrel.

The concentrations of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfraction HDL2 are influenced by endogenous and exogenous sex hormones. The catabolism of HDL2 is mediated by a lipolytic enzyme, hepatic lipase, which is present in endothelial cells covering the liver sinusoids. Since the activity of this enzyme is also regulated by gonadal and anabolic steroids, we examined whether the effect of sex steroids on plasma HDL is related to changes in hepatic lipase. In postmenopausal women, estradiol valerate (2 mg/day, orally) increased the HDL2 cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations by 20% (P less than 0.05). Simultaneously, the hepatic lipase activity of postheparin plasma decreased by 25% (P less than 0.05). The addition of levonorgestrel (250 micrograms/day, orally) to the treatment reversed both effects of estrogen, so that HDL2 cholesterol and phospholipid levels fell below and hepatic lipase activity rose above the respective pretreatment values. The hormones did not influence the HDL3 lipid concentrations or the lipoprotein lipase and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activities. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the effects of sex steroids on plasma HDL (HDL2) are mediated by changes in hepatic lipase activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of oestradiol and levonorgestrel on lipoprotein lipids and postheparin plasma lipase activities in normolipoproteinaemic women.

The effects of oestradiol and levonorgestrel on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol (Chol) and triglyceride (Tg) levels and on postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activity were studied in 52 normolipoproteinaemic women. The androgen-derived progestin levonorgestrel increased postheparin plasma hepatic lipase (PH-HL) activity and decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid concentrations in a manner opposite to that of oestradiol. The relationships between PH-HL activity and HDL lipids suggest an important role for this enzyme as a mediator of sex hormone action on HDL.

Adult↗