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Biomedical subjects

T L Ng

Publications and source records attributed to T L Ng.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Oyster-associated outbreaks of Norovirus gastroenteritis in Singapore.

Outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of raw imported half-shelled frozen oysters occurred in Singapore between 16 Dec 2003 and 04 Jan 2004. A total of 305 cases were reported with clinical symptoms of diarrhoea (94%), abdominal cramps (72%), vomiting (69%) and fever (54%). The median incubation period was 30.8h and the duration of illness was 2-3 days. The overall relative risk of oyster consumption was 14.1 (95% CI: 8.3-24.0, P<0.001). Stool and oyster samples tested negative for common bacterial pathogens, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus. However, stool samples were positive for the presence of Norovirus group II RNA via RT PCR while oyster samples indicated the presence of Norovirus particles by electron microscopy. The clinical and epidemiological features were suggestive of Norovirus gastroenteritis and were subsequently confirmed by laboratory tests of stools and implicated oysters. Steps have been taken to ensure that food outlets do not thaw frozen oysters and serve them raw.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Clinical drug evaluation: the regulatory perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: This paper presents the regulatory perspectives of the clinical drug evaluation process and the role of the newly established Centre for Drug Evaluation in Singapore in this process. It describes the major drug evaluation systems in the developed countries and their similarities and differences. METHODS: The issues related to the benefits and risks assessments of new drugs are discussed, with examples, against the backdrop of the various drug evaluation systems and medical practices. RESULTS: The implications of Singapore's Medicines (Clinical Trial) (Amendment) Regulations 1998 and the Singapore Good Clinical Practice Guidelines published by the Ministry of Health in 1998 were discussed. The future development of international harmonisation in the context of the International Conference on Harmonisation was explored. CONCLUSIONS: Building the capability for the evaluation of new drugs is essential as part of the regulatory infrastructure for a knowledge-based economy in Singapore. To conduct better clinical trials, investigators should develop a good understanding of the clinical drug evaluation process and an appreciation of the regulatory angle.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1998

A 10-year review of drug seizures in Singapore.

The trend of illicit drug seizures and analysis in Singapore over a 10-year period from 1986 to 1995 was examined and reviewed. The main drugs were heroin, opium, cannabis, and illicit tablets containing benzodiazepines and amphetamines. The emergence of amphetamines in early 1996 was a major departure from the traditional drug abuse pattern in Singapore. Changes in the legal definitions of opium and cannabis were also reviewed.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1996

Forensic applications of DNA profiling.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) profiling is a powerful forensic tool to identify and individualise biological evidence recovered at crime scenes. Its discriminating power and evidential value are exemplified by many actual forensic cases. Development of new DNA typing techniques, such as the amplification of fluorescently tagged short tandem repeats, would further enhance this capability in forensic investigation.

DNA↗
PubMed1993

The development of DNA profiling database in an HAE III based RFLP system for Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles were obtained for blood specimens from the three population groups--Chinese, Malays and Indians--in Singapore. The population databases were collected from Hae III digested high molecular weight DNA hybridized with four variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) loci--D2S44, D10S28, D4S139 and D1S7. The data were analyzed statistically using the fixed bin system. Comparison of ratio of bin frequencies of these population data with published data on whites, blacks, and hispanics shows that the alleleic distribution at these loci is not seriously different among the six groups. This has important implications to the statistical significance of forensic DNA applications.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Dope testing in sports: scientific and medico-legal issues.

The paper reviews current issues related to dope testing in sports from the scientific as well as the medico-legal perspectives. The various types of doping, their modes of use and the dangerous consequences of misuse are discussed. It was pointed out that national doping control programmes are essential for the prevention of drug abuse in sports and that proper procedures for sampling and analysis in accredited laboratories are necessary to ensure that justice is done for the competitors and for all others concerned. There was a need for continuous vigilance against drug abuse in sports. Continuous improvement of the dope testing methods, better understanding of the pharmacology of the drugs involved and regular reviews of the banned drugs list are essential to advance the cause of dope control in sports.

Doping in Sports↗
PubMed1991

Haemophilus influenzae septicaemia in the neonate: report of two cases and review of the English literature.

Two neonates with early onset respiratory illness were found to have Haemophilus influenzae septicaemia. One of them died. A review of the English literature showed that Haemophilus influenzae septicaemia is increasing in incidence. Almost all cases presented with respiratory distress in the first 2 days. Other associated features included meningitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis and cellulitis. The mortality, which averaged 52%, was high, especially in premature babies. The septicaemia was caused by ascending infection from the colonized maternal birth canal, and most cases were caused by nontypable strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Because of the occurrence of ampicillin or chloramphenicol resistance, a third generation cephalosporin is the treatment of choice for known cases of serious infection.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

The computerisation of scientific services.

A full computerised laboratory information management system has been developed in the Department of Scientific Services. The system manages the acquisition and flow of laboratory data. A novel automated reporting procedure has been developed to generate customised laboratory reports. Based on the workload values of laboratory tests, the system integrates the laboratory data with management information to provide rapid and reliable productivity measurement and cost and pricing computations.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1983

Spectrophotometric determination of hydralazine hydrochloride tablets using ninhydrin.

A method is described for the assay of hydralazine HCl in tablets, based on the colored product formed by the reaction between hydralazine and ninhydrin. The reaction is conducted at room temperature in a pH 3 buffer solution and the colored product is measured spectrophotometrically at the absorption maximum at 442 nm. Under the stipulated conditions, this reaction is highly specific for hydralazine and is not affected by other drugs which may be used in combination with hydralazine. Results of infrared and mass spectrometric studies suggested that the colored product is a hydrazone. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry also showed that dilute solutions of hydralazine degrade rapidly in the presence of alcohols.

Hydralazine↗
PubMed1982

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric study of the trimethylsilylation of ethambutol and a tablets assay method based on the trimethylsilyl derivative.

The trimethylsilylation of ethambutol base and ethambutol hydrochloride was studied by means of GC/MS. The derivatisation is shown to proceed in two distinct steps, and the second derivative is identified, by both chemical ionisation and electron impact Ms, and the di-trimethylsilyl ethambutol. Most of the major mass fragments observed are assigned. A tablets assay method, based on the direct trimethylsilylation of ethambutol hydrochloride in tablets, is also described. It is simple, rapid, and unaffected by the presence of the common excipients in the tablets.

Biological Availability↗