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Biomedical subjects

T L Rosenthal

Publications and source records attributed to T L Rosenthal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Similarities and differences on five inventories among mood and anxiety disorder patients.

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), BAROMAS, Leisure Interests Checklist (LIC), Mental Health Inventory (MHI) and a one-page checklist of Body Problems were given to 128 outpatients with serious mood or anxiety disorders. Compared to normative data published on the first four devices, the combined patients were far 'sicker' in nearly all comparisons (P less than or equal to 0.01). However, anxiety and mood patients did not differ on the EPQ, BAROMAS, or LIC. On Body Problems, strong contrasts emerged (P less than 0.04), especially when 'fringe' cases were excluded (e.g. dysthymics from mood, and obsessives from anxiety disorder diagnoses). Small anxiety subtype groups also differed (P less than 0.05). On the MHI, both global and core groups of mood--especially unipolar (depressed)--patients differed from the anxiety disorders (P less than 0.04).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assessing emotional distress at the internist's office.

At their first visits to a clinic, 102 outpatients rated the severity of their presenting complaint, of 12 possible body problems including 6 nonspecific symptoms, of a set of adjustment difficulties, and answered the Welsh A and the Beck Depression inventories. Then, an internist 'blind' to the foregoing answers performed a routine history and physical exam, afterward rating the patient for degree of organic and of psychosomatic involvement. Significant correlations were found between clinician judgments of psychosomatic involvement and patients' self-reported complaints on all assessment measures (smallest r = 0.25, P less than 0.01). Substantial intercorrelations were found among the assessment measures, especially between Welsh A (Anxiety) and Beck Depression scores (r = 0.73).

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1990

Predicting outcome of chronic pain treatment via a modified self-efficacy scale.

This study utilized a modified self-efficacy scale and examined the relationship of perceived self-efficacy to treatment outcome in a chronic, intractable, benign pain population (N = 62). In two separate studies a self-efficacy scale was given to inpatients in a combined cognitive-behavioral and medical treatment program. The scale categories consisted of (1) walking distance, (2) lifting ability, (3) pain coping, (4) working ability, and (5) social and recreational engagement. Self-efficacy beliefs were found to be associated with the level of functioning of these patients and their response to treatment. Patients with higher self-efficacy scores following treatment rated themselves as more improved and demonstrated better overall functioning with greater reductions in chronic illness behavior at followup. These observations support the merits of self-efficacy measures as predictors of treatment outcome in chronic pain patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Students' self-ratings of stress in medical school: a replication across 20 months.

We replicated the essential results of a prior study on the capacity of the BAROMAS scales to reflect stress in medical school as perceived by students. As before, subjective stress was high at the start of medical school, and when facing the exams prerequisite to entry into clinical clerkships. On most measures, stress was lowest when the second year began (i.e. after having passed the first). Once again, most test-retest reliabilities (significant rs ranged from 0.24 to 0.66 for confidence ratings at 12- and 20-months after entry) were moderate.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Substance abuse patterns reveal contrasting personal traits.

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) responses of 202 male and 95 female substance users taken during 21 months at a public-sector hospital facility were studied. Collectively, inpatients were more impulsive (high P), introverted (low E), and anxious (high N) than same-sexed normals on the main EPQ scales (p less than .001). The alcohol, cocaine, opioid, and polysubstance users and a residual mixed group differed on all EPQ scales (ps less than .05). Cocaine users were the most impulsive, with alcohol and opioid users least so. The polysubstance and residual mixed groups were the most extroverted, with opioid users least. The alcohol and residual mixed groups were the most anxious, and cocaine users least so. Alcohol users earned the highest "lie" (L) scores, with opioid users lowest. When the residual mixed group was excluded from analyses the results were little changed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Effects of doxepin on withdrawal symptoms in smoking cessation.

In a double-blind study, 15 cigarette smokers self-monitored 10 withdrawal symptoms. For the first 21 days (baseline), subjects received doxepin hydrochloride, up to 150 mg/day, or inert medication while continuing to smoke. On day 22, they were instructed to stop smoking; medication was continued. Withdrawal symptoms on the first 28 days of treatment (baseline and 7 days of attempted cessation) were analyzed. During cessation, subjects taking doxepin reported significantly less craving for cigarettes. Results from this study and others suggest that antidepressants may attenuate the severity of symptoms during withdrawal from addictive substances.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Leisure interest patterns and subjective stress in college students.

A first study of the Leisure Interests Checklist (LIC) is reported based on a large (N = 670) normative sample of college students. Acceptable reliability was found on the total interest scores, and on both rationally- and factorially-derived LIC subscales. The BAROMAS stress scales were also studied concurrently with the same college students, and normative data are provided from that sample. Interest in very active diversions and Sports on the LIC did correlate with confidence in doing sports on the BAROMAS. Otherwise, the two instruments showed little overlap. Comparisons between ethnic and gender groupings mainly agreed with advance expectations by disclosing culturally conventional differences in response patterns. The LIC appears promising for future use in both applied and research contexts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Doxepin as an adjunct to smoking cessation: a double-blind pilot study.

In a double-blind study, 19 adults received bedtime doses of either 150 mg of doxepin hydrochloride (N = 9) or placebo (N = 10). After 3 weeks the subjects were instructed to stop smoking and continue taking medication for 4 additional weeks. Cessation was reported by all nine doxepin subjects 1 week after cessation and by seven doxepin subjects 9 weeks after cessation. One placebo subject reported cessation. Cotinine assays generally confirmed cessation but were subject to interpretation. Doxepin assays suggested that the precessation level was associated with cessation. Further studies with larger samples and extended follow-up are needed to determine the reliability of these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Increased plasma tricyclic antidepressant concentrations in two patients concurrently treated with fluoxetine.

Two patients taking stable doses of standard tricyclic antidepressants were additionally treated with fluoxetine as the first step in a transition to that drug. After fluoxetine was added, both patients' plasma tricyclic antidepressant levels increased substantially. Adverse side effects occurred in one patient. Fluoxetine may increase the plasma levels of standard tricyclic antidepressants and the likelihood of tricyclic antidepressant toxicity.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of primary affective illness from situational, symptomatic, and secondary depressions.

Analysis of family history and antidepressant drug response variables of 100 "neurotic" depressives followed up prospectively over three to four years disclosed that primary depressions (unipolar and bipolar) could be distinguished from nonprimary cases by (1) the early occurrence of "pharmacological-hypomania;" (2) family history of bipolar illness; (3) family history for affective disorder in two or three consecutive generations, especially when "loaded." Although each of these variables alone occurred in only one fifth to one third of the primary group, they individually displayed better than 95% specificity for it. Thus, the confidence with which the diagnosis of primary affective illness could be made in the presence of any of these variables ranged from 88% to 100%. These findings argue for considering such nonsymptomatological variables for their potential in strengthening the phenomenologic diagnostic criteria for depressive illness.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1978

The nosological status of neurotic depression: a prospective three- to four-year follow-up examination in light of the primary-secondary and unipolar-bipolar dichotomies.

One hundred patients with "mild" depressive states, variously referred to as "situational," "reactive," or "neurotic," were studied. During a three- to four-year prospective follow-up, 4% had developed bipolar I, 14% bipolar II, and 22% unipolar disorders with predominantly favorable social outcome. Most of the remainder were suffering from nonaffective disorders; in this group, intermittent depressive symptomatology followed a protacted course (paralleling the underlying disorder) with generally unfavorable outcome. Irrespective of diagnostic subtype, a "characterological" component occurring in 24% of the total sample appeared to predict unfavorable prognosis, including three suicides. The diagnostic usage of the concept of neurotic depression may no longer be clinically meaningful, since it lacks sufficient phenomenological characterization and refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders. The data suggest the merits of a biaxial approach to the nosology of depressive disorders whereby phenomenologically based affective diagnoses are qualified as to the presence or absence of character disorder.

Adjustment Disorders↗