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Biomedical subjects

T Leino

Publications and source records attributed to T Leino.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Metabolic interactions of xylitol and ethanol in healthy males.

The effects of oral administration of xylitol on the rate of ethanol elimination and on the ethanol-induced changes in blood concentrations of lactate and pyruvate were studied in seven healthy male subjects. Xylitol (1.0 g/kg body weight) was administered orally and ethanol (0.8 g/kg body weight) intravenously. In the control experiments glucose was given instead of xylitol. Xylitol had no significant effect on the rate of ethanol elimination or on the ethanol-induced increase in the blood lactate concentration. The ethanol-induced changes in the lactate/pyruvate ratio were not affected by xylitol. It is suggested that the ineffectiveness of xylitol is due to its low concentration in the liver after oral administration. Ethanol induced a 5--10 fold increase in the blood concentration of xylitol. This is most probably due to inhibition of xylitol oxidation in the liver by the ethanol-induced reduction in the hepatic redox state. The clinical significance of this finding is unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Acute effects of alcohol on anterior pituitary secretion of the tropic hormones.

The plasma or serum concentrations of GH, TSH, LH, PRL, testosterone, cortisol, T4, and T3, and the values of the T3 uptake test were monitored in 12 healthy male volunteers for a period of 20 h after administration of one large dose of ethanol (1.5 g/kg BW). The effects of TRH and LRH on the secretion of TSH, PRL, and LH were studied in these subjects once during the period of acute alcohol intoxication (4 h after the start of drinking) and once during the hangover period (14 h after the start of drinking). Each subject served as his own control by drinking water only during another experimental session. Alcohol had no significant effect on basal concentrations of GH, TSH, LH, T4, T3, or testosterone. The concentration of cortisol in plasma was elevated during the whole 20-h period after ingestion of alcohol, as compared with the control values. Alcohol also did not significantly alter the effects of TRH and LRH on plasma TSH and LH levels at 4 and 14 h. During the hangover period, the PRL response to TRH was totally blocked, but during alcohol intoxication, there was a slight increase in the PRL response to TRH. The lack of response of PRL to TRH during the hangover suggests that withdrawal symptoms are associated with increased dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effects of fructose and glucose on ethanol-induced metabolic changes and on the intensity of alcohol intoxication and hangover.

The effects of fructose and glucose on the metabolic changes induced by ethanol and on the intensity of alcohol intoxication and hangover were studied in 109 healthy male volunteers. After 10 hours of fasting, the subjects were given 1.75 g of ethanol per kg body wt during 3 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Fructose or glucose were adminstered either simultaneously with ethanol or 12 hours later during the hangover period. The intensity of alcohol intoxication and hangover were estimated 10 times during the experimental period of 20 hours using subjective and objective rating scales. Sequential determinations of blood ethanol, acetaldehyde, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, triglycerides, ketone bodies and capillary blood acid-base balance were also made during the experiment. Under these experimental conditions neither fructose nor glucose had any significant effect on the intensity of alcohol intoxication and hangover. The sugars also had no significant effect on the rate of ethanol elimination or on the blood acetaldehyde concentration during the course of the experiment. Blood glucose concentration was decreased and blood lactate, free fatty acid and ketone body concentrations were increased during the hangover period in the subjects who had been given only ethanol. These subjects also had a marked metabolic acidosis during hangover. Glucose and fructose significantly inhibited the metabolic alterations induced by ethanol. In this respect fructose was more effective than glucose. The results indicate that both fructose and glucose effectively inhibit the metabolic disturbances induced by ethanol but they do not affect the symptoms or signs of alcohol intoxication and hangover. The results support the view that hangover is not directly related to the metabolic effects of ethanol or to its metabolic products.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1976

Electroencephalographic changes during experimental hangover.

The EEG was recorded in 27 subjects during hangover. Male healthy volunteers drank 1.75 g/kg body weight of ethanol in 3 h and the EEG was recorded 14-16 h later when the degree of hangover was highest. For control purposes a second EEG was recorded after a similar session when subjects drank water instead of ethanol. A third record was taken in normal laboratory conditions. T5-A1 and O1-A1 derivations were subjected to computer analysis from which spectral and frequency parameters were calculated. Visual analysis of the EEG during hangover showed a decrease and slowing of alpha activity and an increase in theta activity. Spectral analysis of the EEG gave a statistically significant increase in 7-8 c/sec activity during hangover. The EEG change could not be explained in terms of blood alcohol level, hypoglycaemia or acidosis. Also fatigue could be excluded as a cause of EEG change by means of "water controls". The conclusion is that the slowing of the EEG during hangover is caused by the depressant action of ethanol, or its metabolites, on cortical function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Plasma testosterone concentrations in alcoholics.

Plasma testosterone concentrations were normal in 17 hospitalized alcoholics after a large dose of alcohol and in 16 Skid Row alcoholics. The findings fail to support the idea that the direct effects of alcohol on steroid metabolism cause gynecomastia and testicular atrophy.

Adult↗