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Biomedical subjects

T Lundborg

Publications and source records attributed to T Lundborg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Strategy for D-Country Ear Care.

The last decade's voluntary Global Ear Care work-lobbying and networking, using different strategies-in the whole has been positive, reflected by the creation of an appropriate instrument to launch concrete programmes and has also given good WHO-HQ relations, though without budget and adequate governmental involvement. The long-term goal is to get D-country Ear Care up to the same level as D-country eye care. One important step on this way-hopefully facilitated by the Bari workshop as an example of 'informal' networking and linkage of people after personal initiatives-is to develop an Ear Care structure in Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean countries functioning as successfully asd the one in Asia.

Audiology↗
PubMed1983

Routine rehabilitation procedures in auditory communication handicap.

A well known fact and an established experience in all audiological units, handling large groups of hearing loss patients is, that in many of them (15% or more?) - mostly having severe, but occasionally moderate hearing loss - the conventional audiological rehabilitation programme (hearing aids, special devices, functional training etc.) cannot adequately compensate for their communication handicap, i.e. they constitute problem cases, and consequently also a challenge to research. This experience gained through many years, but certainly also, in addition, the cochlear implant discussion during the last decade, emphasizing the "deaf patient", have focused our interest on this large, but heterogeneous patient group, whose common basis is that the patients consider themselves "deaf" or "almost deaf". The handling of these patients, of course, requires a multidisciplinary approach with a broad program of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The activities presented in this supplement is meant to be one step in the direction of finding a suitable structure in Stockholm to adequately handle patients with auditory communication handicap.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗
PubMed1983

A case material with post lingual severe hearing loss and communication handicap.

The analyses have given some general clues to the therapeutic handling of these patient categories: 1. The A and B groups can be labelled "hearing" with clearly useful residual hearing. 2. The patients in the C group, as a rule, are utilizing very little from acoustic speech stimulation, mostly the prosodic information. Several patients in this group are possible implant candidates, and it is reasonable to expect that (with a suitable stimulus device and a suitable application of this) the patients could get an additional support during speech reading, so that they function as the B group. Tactile devices are also an alternative or a supplement for this group, and a pilot study on six patients is in progress in the department in cooperation with the Department of Speech Communication at the Royal Institute of Technology. 3. The patients within the A and B groups will in the first place be offered additional functional training programmes (prosodic training, audio-visual training and possibly vibration training) and, as an ultimate alternative a social activation in group therapy may be considered. Some patients in these groups might also be candidates in the future for an extra cochlear implant.

Hearing Aids↗
PubMed1982

Plasma membranes from oats prepared by partition in an aqueous polymer two-phase system : on the use of light-induced cytochrome B reduction as a marker for the plasma membrane.

Presumptive plasma membrane fractions have been prepared from oat (Avena sativa L. cv. Brighton) roots and shoots, respectively, by partition of microsomal fractions in a dextran-polyethylene glycol two-phase system. The plasma membranes had a high affinity for the polyethylene glycol-rich upper phase, whereas membranes from mitochondria and other organelles partitioned in the dextran-rich lower phase or at the interface. Thus, relatively pure plasma membranes were obtained by only two partition steps, and within 3 hours from homogenization of the material.The plasma membranes from both organs were enriched in K(+)-stimulated Mg(2+)-dependent ATPase and glucan synthetase II, two tentative markers for the plant plasma membrane. Silicotungstic acid, an indicative stain for the plasma membrane, stained the vesicles recovered from the upper phase, but failed to stain the membranes partitioning in the lower phase or at the interface.The plasma membranes were also enriched in a light-reducible b-cytochrome. This b-cytochrome can be measured by its light-induced absorbance change and may serve as a marker for the plant plasma membrane.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Rehabilitative procedures in sensorineural hearing loss. Studies on the routine used.

The effect of different treatment programs in audiological rehabilitation was evaluated. The speech intensity at which subjects with high frequency hearing loss correctly perceived 50% of the key words in sentences was measured in quiet and in noise, with and without a hearing aid and with and without simultaneous speech reading. No statistically significant difference in audiovisual speech perception ability was found between subjects receiving no training, subjects receiving a 6-hour information course, or a 3-week intensive training in auditory and audiovisual speech perception. Large differences in the degree of hearing aid usage was found, however, between the three treatment groups. An analysis of the individual results from the speech test used showed that some subjects improved with the use of a hearing aid, whilst others deteriorated. The degree of hearing aid usage was considerably influenced by the measured effect of the hearing aid treatment. Our findings stress the need for an objective test by which to measure the effect of hearing aid fitting. As a result of the reported study a series of experiments have been started with the aim of obtaining a better understanding of the audiovisual speech perception process. These studies are based on an information-processing model for speech perception. Particular attention is devoted to the importance of the prosodic information in the auditory speech signal.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

On the use of click-evoked electric brainstem responses in audiological diagnosis. III. Latencies in cochlear hearing loss.

The basis for the use of click-evoked BSER in neurotologic differential diagnosis would seem to be its sensitivity to retrocochlear but relative resistivity to cochlear lesions. The present study was performed in order to investigate the presumed robustness of BSER in cochlear hearing loss by recording BSER in 110 consecutive cochlear ears with click thresholds not in excess of 60 dB HL. There were eleven ears with rising, twenty-two ears with flat, and 77 ears with sloping audiograms. Click intensities were 80 dB HL and 60 dB SL, and the BSERs were observed for replicability and latencies of waves I, III and V, as well as for I-V and III-V interpeak intervals. Wave V latency increments (relative to normal values) were related to hearing thresholds at 4 kHz. Wave V was identifiable in all of the ears at 80 dB HL and/or 60 dB SL, whereas waves I and III often failed to appear at 80 dB HL and occasionally at 60 dB SL. At 80 dB HL click level, the wave V latency increment was related to the 4 kHz hearing loss (statistically significant at level 0.05 in the HF loss group), increasing by approximately 0.1 ms for each 10 dB, starting at 30 dB HL. Increasing click intensity to 60 dB SL tended to bring waves I and III into appearance and to offset the V latency increase (even inverting it in highly recruiting flat loss ears). Interpeak intervals were not significantly affected by cochlear hearing loss. Unfiltered alternating clicks were used after two initial experiments had shown that nothing would be gained in this study from using filtered clicks or uniphase unfiltered clicks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

On the use of click-evoked electric brainstem responses in audiological diagnosis. IV. Interaural latency differences (wave V) in cochlear hearing loss.

Interaural latency differences (ILDs) of wave V of the brainstem electric response (BSER) were studied (1) in 20 normal-hearing subjects at 90, 80, 60 and 40 dB HL click level, (2) in 22 patients with symmetrical cochlear hearing loss at 90 dB HL, corresponding to 45-80 dB SL, and (3) in 45 patients with asymetrical cochlear hearing loss with interaural recruitment, at 90 dB HL on one hand and at a click sensation level corresponding to 90 dB HL in the poorer ear (range 10-75 dB SL) on the other hand. In the normal hearing group the ILDs did not exceed 0.2 ms except in one case at 40 dB HL (0.3 ms). In the symmetrical cochlear loss group the ILD did not exceed 0.2 ms in any patient. In the asymmetrical cochlear loss group the ILD at 90 dB HL exceeded 0.2 ms in 12 cases, but only in four cases after correction for pure tone hearing loss at 4 kHz by 0.1 for each 10 dB above 50 dB HL; at equal sensation levels the ILDs were all zero or negative meaning that the wave V latency was shorter on stimulation of the poorer ear. Assuming ILD to be a valid discriminator between cochlear and retrocochlear lesions, the corrected ILD at equal click hearing levels (90 dB HL), with the critical value set at 0.2 ms, thus gave a 9% false-positive rate whereas the ILS at equal sensation levels, with the critical value set at zero, gave no false-positives. It still remains to be shown that the latter criterion will not increase the number of false-negative results in retrocochlear lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Clinical experiences with communication instruments in adults with sensorineural hearing loss.

Progress in the field of auditory rehabilitation of adult patients with sensorineural hearing loss has been made possible by combined contributions from technology, successively manufacturing better hearing aids and additional communication instruments, institutional arrangements and the achievements within clinical audiology, successively resulting in better knowledge of several basic diagnostic and therapeutic factors. Hearing aid fitting, as is well known, is still a controversial area because of many unknown factors. The same holds true for auditory training and speech reading, which have in practice been shown to be useful as a therapeutic complement to hearing aid fitting in many adult patients with sensorineural hearing loss. It was thus shown to be possible to fit the great majority of the patients with head-worn instruments. The variety of available alternatives within the communication instruments (vented molds, output-limiting devices, special microphones, CROS hearing aids) has increased the number of appropriately fitted patients. Special communications devices in addition to hearing aids for patients with difficulties to listen to signals, TV, etc., and complementary speech-reading treatment to severely hearing-impaired patients, have improved the listening situation of many patients. However, too much of clinical audiology is still based merely on clinical experience. To make progress in this field further research in clinical audiology is necessary in order to further clarify several diagnostic and therapeutic factors.

Adult↗