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Biomedical subjects

T Luukkainen

Publications and source records attributed to T Luukkainen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetic studies on low dose estradiol 17 beta administered orally to postmenopausal women.

Peripheral plasma from four postmenopausal women was analysed for estrone, estradiol, lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone during 24 hours following an oral intake of a single dose of 1.0 mg micronized estradiol, on the first day of therapy and after one month. A similar study was carried out with another four postmenopausal patients, who received 0.2 mg estradiol three times daily. The measurements were performed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). It is concluded that the plasma concentrations of estrone and estradiol are higher and those of FSH lower after one month of therapy than on the first treatment day, while plasma LH remains unchanged. Micronized estradiol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and converted to estrone, and the plasma profiles of estrone during the day are more constant with a divided daily dose than with a single higher dose. The divided daily dose results in an equally good clinical effect even though the total administration of estradiol is lower.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Screening, management, and outcome of pregnancy in diabetic mothers.

During a 3.5-year period 94 latently and manifestly diabetic patients were treated in the State Maternity Hospital of Helsinki. Management of manifestly diabetic patients included strict control of maternal glucose metabolism based on plasma glucose values after meals and on fasting plasma glucose values, early hospitalization, and delivery near term to avoid infant morbidity due to prematurity. Fetal surveillance was based primarily on daily nonstress fetal heart rate monitoring and frequent urinary estriol determinations. Hypertensive disorders were encountered in 33% of patients in class A and 24% of patients in classes B through F; urinary tract infections were found in 17% and repeated maternal hypoglycemic episodes were found in 20% of manifestly diabetic mothers. Diabetic retinopathy showed variable progression during pregnancy in 50% of cases and unchanged in the remaining 50%; only 16% of patients with hypertensive retinopathy showed progression on reexamination. The perinatal mortality was 1.1%. Delivery by cesarean section was performed in 55.3% of cases. The duration of gestation at the moment of delivery was 38.9 weeks in class A and progressively less in classes B through F according to the severity of the diabetic disorder. The following percentages reflecting infant morbidity were encountered: respiratory distress syndrome 5.3%; neonatal hypoglycemia, 10.6%; hyperbilirubinemia, 8.5%; hypocalcemia, 5.3%; and the aspiration syndrome, 5.3%. Two infants had congenital anomalies: 1 had hypospadias and the other had aortic coarctation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Observations on the antigenicity and clinical effects of a candidate antipregnancy vaccine: beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin linked to tetanus toxoid.

Observations on the antibody response and clinical effects of injection of purified beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin covalently linked to tetanous toxoid were made in 15 healthy young women who had previously undergone tubal ligation. Antibodies detectable by radioimmunoassay were found in 14 of the women. Clinical surveillance and immunologic, hematologic, and biochemical tests indicated excellent local and systemic tolerance to the antigen. No significant adverse effects on menstrual function, endocrine status, or health were found.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

The use of a contraceptive vaginal ring governed by the pattern of individual uterine bleeding.

Contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) releasing levonorgestrel and estradiol were used for contraceptive purposes in eight women. They were instructed to remove the CVR for five days only, in the case of bleeding. Three selected subjects were followed by plasma sampling during the first 60 days of treatment. Plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol and gonadotropins were determined. All subjects kept bleeding records and were controlled clinically in the course of treatment. The subjects were protected an average of 163 days by the CVR. Three subjects used the CVR 170--180 days without removing it and two subjects had to remove the CVR only once. Two subjects experienced quite regular bleedings, and metrorrhagic bleeding was present in one case. No pregnancies were observed during the follow-up period of 1304 days. Clinical examination revealed no pathological findings. The vaginal mucosa tolerated the treatment well. Out of those subjects who were followed by plasma sampling, pituitary suppression was more marked in the subject with continuous use of CVR.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bleeding and ovulation control with use of a small contraceptive vaginal ring releasing levonorgestrel and estradiol.

Levonorgestrel and estradiol releasing contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) with an outer diameter of 50 mm were used by twenty women. The treatment was given in three-week cycles followed by one treatment-free week. The treatment was planned to cover six cycles. All subjects kept records of bleeding and were controlled clinically in the course of treatment. Three subjects were followed by blood sampling. Plasma levonorgestrel, estradiol, progesterone and gonadotropins were determined. The subjects experienced no difficulties in using the CVR and 90 per cent continued the treatment through the whole experimental period of six months. One subject discontinued after three cycles because of irregular bleedings and one subject after five cycles because of urinary discomfort. Regular bleedings were observed only in three subjects and in nine cases the bleeding started with the CVR in situ during the last days of the three-week treatment period. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in the remaining eight subjects. The subjective side-effects were as follows: weight gain in four subjects, oedema in one subject and urinary discomfort in one subject. Pituitary function was not generally suppressed as judged by plasma gonadotropins. Out of the three subjects studied, two experienced ovulatory plasma progesterone concentrations.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

Randomized comparison of clinical performance of two copper-releasing IUDs, Nova-T and Copper-T-200, in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.

A randomized study was conducted simultaneously in three countries to compare the clinical performance of two new IUDs, the Nova-T and Copper-T-200. Forty-four persons, midwives, general practitioners, residents and specialists in obstetrics and gynecology inserted 907 Nova-Ts and 936 Copper-Ts. The pregnancy rate of Nova-T (0.7 at one year) was significantly lower than that of Copper-T (2.2 at one year). No significant differences were observed in other termination rates. The continuation rates were 72.6 for Nova-T and 71.3 for Copper-T-200. The total experience was based on 18,035 woman months of use, with a lost to follow-up of less than 7 per cent for both IUDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Combined and national experience of postmenstrual IUD insertions of Nova-T and Copper-T in a randomized study.

A randomized comparative study between Nova-T and Copper-T-200 was performed simultaneously in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. The results of 741 postmenstrual insertions with Nova-T and 780 with Copper-T are reported. The pregnancy rate of Nova-T was lower in every age and parity group. The pregnancy rate of Copper-T-200 varied in participating countries, whereas the pregnancy rate of Nova-T was equally low in every country. The termination rate because of expulsion with Nova-T was less affected by age and parity than that of Copper-T. Significant differences in the continuation rates with the same device were found between countries. Removals because of infection showed that women below 25 years of age had a high risk for infection regardless of parity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Detection of beta subunit HCG in plasma of IUD users as an indication of frequency of conception.

One hundred and two women using an intrauterine copper device (Cu IUD) were studied for determination of HCG in blood plasma specimens obtained during the last 5 days of the menstrual cycle. HCG, LH, and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Two positive HCG values were found, indicating conception. The methods by which the frequency of fertilization during IUD use can be evaluated are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nulliparous women, IUD and pelvic infection.

Two copper-releasing IUDs were compared in a randomized study performed simultaneously in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Pelvic infections were carefully observed and the IUDs removed when these were diagnosed. The overall removal rate because of infection was low during the year. The rates were the same with each device overall and in different age and parity groups. The rate was higher in women under 25, in nulliparae and primiparae but lower in the 25-29 age group, in those over 35, and in women having two or more children. The insertion was performed always during menstruation or few days after. It seems that the removal rate because of infection reflected the sexual behaviour of women more than the parity or the use of an IUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sustained intrauterine release of d-norgestrel.

Clinical experience with seventy-two first insertions of a d-norgestrel-releasing IUD is reported. Plasma d-norgestrel concentrations were measured in twelve subjects. No pregnancies occurred in the 522 woman-months of use (averaging 7.3 months/subject) that have been accumulated. Removals were performed in six subjects for medical reasons and in seven subjects for personal reasons. Plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel were highest during the first two weeks of use. A decline in the plasma concentration of d-norgestrel occurred and was only 0.05 ng/ml between 30 and 90 days after insertion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Determination of plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel during a one year follow-up in women with a d-norgestrel-releasing IUD.

Eight healthy women had a d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine device inserted postmenstrually and maintained in the uterine cavity for a one year period. Plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel were measured by radioimmunoassay during the one year treatment period. d-Norgestrel could be detected in the plasma of all the subjects within a fairly narrow range during the whole period. The release rate of d-norgestrel was calculated from two IUDs removed after the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Pituitary and gonadal function during the use of norgestrelestradiol vaginal rings.

Four women used polysiloxane contraceptive rings (CVR) impregnated with d-Norgestrel and estradiol for contraceptive purposes. The treatment was given in three-week cycles, leaving one treatment-free week between the cycles. Subjects were followed by blood sampling twice a week for three or four treatment cycles. Plasma concentrations of d-Norgestrel, estradiol, progesterone, and gonadotropins were determined by radioimmunoassay. The bleeding patterns were very acceptable. One subject experienced acne and weight gain, but no other side-effects were observed. Furthermore, no local irritation was found during the follow-up period of six or seven months. The individual variation in the mean plasma concentrations of d-norgestrel was between 3.2 and 1.1 ng/ml. Apart from one case, the highest individual levels were observed at the beginning of the first treatment cycle. Plasma estradiol was low during the treatment, but in some cases low post-insertion peaks were observed. No ovulatory progesterone values were found. Plasma LH was generally suppressed, but FSH was not. During the treatment-free week increasing concentrations of both LH and FSH were found, indicating an activation of pituitary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Endometrial morphology of women using a d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine device.

Endometrial biopsies were obtained from 12 volunteers treated with d-norgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) with two different release rate. Four subjects scheduled for hysterectomy had d-norgestrel-releasing IUDs inserted approximately 1 month prior to surgery. The effect of d-norgestrel on the endometrium and fallopian tubes of the removed uteri was examined. A uniform suppression of the endometrium with glandular atrophy and decidualization of the stroma was found in all of the endometrial specimens. Moreover, changes similar to those observed during the luteal phase and early pregnancy could be seen in the tubal epithelium.

Adult↗