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Biomedical subjects

T M Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to T M Anderson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Antagonistic effects of isofloxythepin on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and behaviors in rats.

1. In vitro, isofloxythepin competed for the binding of [3H]SCH 23390 to striatal D1 receptors and for the binding of [3H]spiperone to striatal D2 receptors with IC50 values of 6.1 (+/- 1.2) x 10(-10)M and 8.4 (+/- 2.6) x 10(-10)M, respectively. Isofloxythepin further inhibited the D1 receptor-mediated, dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase in the striatal tissue. 2. Fifteen hours after rats were injected with a single dose of isofloxythepin (1 mg/kg, SC), the ex vivo binding curve of [3H]spiperone to striatal D2 receptors was markedly inhibited, whereas the binding curve of [3H]SCH 23390 to striatal D1 receptors was unaffected. 3. Fifteen hours after isofloxythepin pretreatment, D1 agonist SKF 38393 (15 mg/kg, IP)-stimulated grooming behavior was not affected, whereas the D2 agonist quinpirole (3 mg/kg, IP)-stimulated stereotyped behavior was completely abolished. 4. On the basis of the findings from in vivo studies, we conclude that, although isofloxythepin is found to have high affinity for both D1 and D2 receptors in vitro, it lacks D1 antagonistic potency in vivo.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1996

Effects of nicotine withdrawal on central dopaminergic systems.

The behavioral and neurochemical manifestations in rats 24 h following the cessation of 14-day nicotine administration were investigated. Animals were implanted subcutaneously with osmotic minipumps which continuously released either saline or nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day or 3.0 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. After the animals were withdrawn from nicotine for 24 h, we observed a significant decrease of locomotor activities and a reduction of dopamine contents in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Nicotine withdrawal did not affect the body weight, food, or water consumption, and no deficit in the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance task was found in these animals. In addition, nicotine withdrawal did not alter the density or the binding affinity (Kd) of ligands to D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum. Although nicotine withdrawal did not alter the density or binding affinity of ligands to D1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens, the maximum number of D2 receptor sites were reduced by nicotine treatment. These results offer possible neurochemical mechanisms for changes of locomotor activity which occurred in rats during nicotine abstinence.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Sternal release and advancement with thoracotomy and osteotomy for idiopathic osteopenia.

Transient neurologic changes developed in a rare case of progressive thoracic kyphosis secondary to idiopathic osteopenia with marked spinal and chest cage deformities. The patient underwent correction by both anterior thoracic and posterior spinal approaches, with concomitant sternal release and advancement. After 16 months he continues to have good anatomic and functional results.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Use of pleura, azygos vein, pericardium, and muscle flaps in tracheobronchial surgery.

Desmoplastic reactions secondary to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation in stage IIIA lung cancer, plus advances in complex tracheobronchial surgery, have rejuvenated an interest for augmenting bronchial stump coverage and suture line reinforcement. We present the techniques and applications of harvesting pleural, azygos vein, pericardial flaps, and fat pad grafts, and intrathoracic transposition of chest wall muscle flaps.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1994

Salvage of colon interposition by antethoracic free jejunal transfer.

Intrathoracic disruption of an esophagocolonic anastomosis after colon interposition can be a fatal complication. A case is presented in which an antethoracic free jejunal transfer achieved successful salvage. The patient returned to oral alimentation with no functional impairment.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

An alternative to dental floss in a personal dental hygiene program.

The concept of gingival massage on maintaining the health of the gingiva may be of value as an adjunct in the periodontal maintenance phase of treatment. This study compared dental floss to a test product, a massage device, in a randomized population of 20 male and female subjects. Clinical measurements were taken at baseline, week 3, and week 6. Patients were instructed to brush twice daily using their normal hygiene methods and to use the assigned product once daily. Plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI) and pocket probing depths did improve in both the control and the test groups, but the differences did not favor either group over the other. The gingival index (GI) did, however, significantly decrease in the massage group, suggesting that this product may not only be an alternative to dental floss, but may provide added benefits from gingival massaging.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of different turn intervals on skin of healthy older adults.

A comparison of the effects of one-, one and a half-, and two-hour turning intervals on changes in the skin surface temperature, interface pressure, and color was conducted on 16 older, healthy adults. Both trochanters and the sacrum were the sites used for measurement. Findings indicated that the greatest increase in skin surface temperature occurred at the end of the two-hour turning interval and in the trochanteric positions. No significant differences in interface pressure were found with respect to the length of the turning interval or body position. A descriptive summary of changes in skin color is also presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Sternal resection and reconstruction.

Twenty-one patients underwent sternal resection and reconstruction. Surgical indications included sternal infection in 9 patients, recurrent breast cancer in 6, metastatic carcinoma from an unknown primary in 2, pectus excavatum in 2, and osteogenic sarcoma and eosinophilic granuloma in 1 each. Management included partial sternectomy in 10 patients (group 1) and complete sternectomy in 11 (group 2). Chest wall reconstruction was by various flaps and mesh repairs. Blood transfusions averaged 2 units in group 1 versus 5.5 units in group 2 (p = 0.02). Average number of days until extubation was 2.6 in group 1 versus 7.3 in group 2 (p = 0.04). Average number of intensive care unit days was 4.4 for group 1 versus 9.4 for group 2 (p = 0.03). The number of days until discharge was 14 days for group 1 versus 20 days for group 2. Complications occurred in 40% of group 1 and 82% of group 2 patients. Overall mortality was 9.5%. Sternal resection and reconstruction, particularly complete sternal resections, are a major undertaking with substantial morbidity. Using a multidisciplinary approach (cardiothoracic, plastic and reconstructive, critical care medicine, and infectious disease) and aggressive pulmonary support, acceptable cosmetic and functional results are possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Thoracic approaches to anterior spinal operations: anterior thoracic approaches.

We performed a retrospective review of 36 patients aged 23 to 71 years (mean age, 52 years) who underwent 46 operations through a thoracic or thoracolumbar approach for orthopedic or neurosurgical procedures at Emory University Affiliated Hospitals. Pathologic indications for operation were metastatic disc disease in 10, herniated nucleus pulposus in 11, osteomyelitis in 6, vertebral fracture in 2, spinal deformities in 4, spinal abscess in 1, Pott's disease in 1, and liposarcoma in 1. Major indications for operation were infection and progressive paraparesis or paresthesias. Surgical approach consisted of a posterior lateral thoracotomy in 23, thoracotomy with retroperitoneal exposure in 6, thoracoabdominal exposure in 4, and cervical/upper sternotomy in 3. Diaphragmatic mobilization was required in 12. Surgical approach is dictated by the level of the lesion and its length. Lesions of T1 to T6 are approached through an upper sternotomy or right thoracotomy; lesions of T6 to L3, through a left thoracotomy with or without diaphragmatic mobilization. Specific techniques of segmental vessel division, diaphragmatic mobilization, and evaluation of artery of Adamkiewicz are emphasized. Rib grafts are harvested as needed. The thoracic surgeon can greatly enhance preoperative assessment, operative exposure and closure, and postoperative care for patients undergoing thoracotomy for spinal conditions.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors by embryonal carcinoma cells and early mouse embryos.

We have previously shown that differentiation of embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells leads to both increased binding of FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and suppression of k-FGF expression. In the current study, we examined the expression of FGF receptors by EC cells, EC-derived differentiated cells and early mammalian embryos using the technique of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We determined that both mouse, F9, and human, NT2/D1, EC cells as well as their differentiated counterparts express transcripts for two forms of FGF receptors, bek (bacterially expressed kinase) and flg (fms-like gene). In addition, we determined that mouse blastocysts express flg transcripts. The presence of FGF receptor transcripts in early embryos and the previous finding of FGF-related activity in medium conditioned by mouse blastocysts argue that the FGF family plays important roles during early mammalian development.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Suggestions for diagnosing avascular necrosis of the hip in the 1990s.

Avascular necrosis of the hip is a serious clinical problem encountered by primary care physicians. It requires early detection for proper management and treatment. The clinician should be aware of the imaging modalities available for evaluation of patients with suspected avascular necrosis. Traditional studies include plain-film radiography, computed tomography, and planar bone scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance imaging and single-photon emission computed tomography bone scanning have been developed to such an extent that they are now the most sensitive indicators of early avascular necrosis. The authors review currently available imaging modalities and provide a practical approach to the assessment of patients with suspected avascular necrosis of the hip.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Immunopathological features of human pulmonary tumors following low-dose interleukin-2.

We administered preoperative low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) to 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy for pulmonary tumors. The in vivo effect of IL-2 on tumor-associated lymphocyte activity was assessed in the resected specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with observations in 45 patients who did not receive IL-2. H & E evaluation revealed an increase in intra- and peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration in the IL-2-treated patients. Immunopathological evaluation with monoclonal antibodies revealed that this lymphocyte infiltration was predominantly CD5-positive T cells. The amount of intra- and peritumoral lymphocyte activity correlated with the dose of IL-2 administered (6000-90,000 international units/kg every 8 h for 48 h. IL-2-treated patients showed increases in T-cell-associated activation markers (IL-2 alpha-receptor, transferrin receptor and HLA-DR) on peritumoral lymphocytes, but not on intratumoral lymphocytes. We previously reported that low-dose IL-2 increases the intrinsic natural killer cell cytotoxicity of intratumoral lymphocytes and suggest that this lymphocyte infiltration is further evidence that low-dose IL-2 can augment in vivo lymphocyte activity at the tumor site.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Morphologic and ultrastructural examination of I-A+ cells in the murine iris.

The surface membrane expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigens is an important prerequisite for presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system. Because particular antigens that are placed within the anterior chamber of the eye elicit a deviant form of immunity in which effector delayed-type hypersensitivity responses are suppressed, it has been proposed that novel MHC class II antigen-bearing cells exist in the tissues that line the anterior chamber. Class II MHC antigen expression has been identified within the iris, but the detailed morphologic description of these cells is incomplete. With the use of in situ immunoperoxidase and immunoelectron microscopic techniques, we examined the morphologic and ultrastructural characteristics of resident MHC-positive class II (I-A+) cells in murine irises. A significant number of these cells was found in the connective tissue of BALB/c irises. The majority showed extensive dendritic morphologic characteristics and formed a network throughout the iris that did not overlap. Ultrastructurally, I-A+ cells had an indented nucleus, some vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and an occasional phagosome within their cytoplasm and an absence of desmosomes or other intercellular junctions. Based on these features, it is unlikely that these cells are epithelial or endothelial in origin, but rather are similar to cells of the monocyte/macrophage/dendritic cell lineage. These results show the presence of an I-A+ dendritic cell population, within the murine iris, distributed in a pattern that is similar to that of Langerhans cells in the skin. Due to their compartmentalization within the eye, this cell population may represent a novel antigen-presenting cell that contributes to the immunologic privilege of the anterior chamber.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor production by tumor-associated mononuclear leukocytes and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes in cancer patients.

The production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by tumor-associated mononuclear leukocytes (TAML) and peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (PMBL) from 9 otherwise untreated patients with a variety of malignancies (lung, sarcoma, stomach, renal) was assessed. Cells were cultured for 24 hr in vitro in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IL-1 and TNF levels were measured in culture supernatants. TNF production was comparable between TAMLs and PBMLs. However, a striking defect in IL-1 production by TAMLs was noted. There was no basal production of IL-1 and LPS-stimulated TAMLs produced only 1% the amount of IL-1 produced by LPS-stimulated PBMLs.

Biological Assay↗