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Biomedical subjects

T M File

Publications and source records attributed to T M File.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cefoperazone versus cefamandole in the treatment of acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections.

In a randomized comparative study, 113 patients were treated with cefoperazone or cefamandole for acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections. Most patients had Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae infections, although five patients in the cefoperazone group had infections caused by other Gram-negative bacilli (two with Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The clinical responses and adverse effects were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Satisfactory clinical responses occurred in 36/39 (92%) of evaluable patients in the cefoperazone group and 33/34 (97%) of evaluable patients treated with cefamandole. Two failures in the cefoperazone group were secondary to superinfection (Acinetobacter and Ps. aeruginosa). Bacteriological and symptomatic failure occurred in one patient with Ps. aeruginosa lung abscess treated with cefoperazone and in one patient with a polymicrobial empyema treated with cefamandole. The results of this study indicate that cefoperazone is safe and effective in the therapy of acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Response of mice to transtracheal pulmonary inoculation of anaerobic bacteria.

The transtracheal inoculation of a mixture of anaerobic bacteria, with or without hydrochloric acid, into the lungs of mice caused nonlethal pneumonia and abscesses in a minority of challenged animals. All animals cleared organisms and recovered by 30 days. Secondary infection with Escherichia coli was common but did not affect the response to challenge with the anaerobes.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Necrotic skin lesions associated with disseminated candidiasis.

A 69-year-old woman with Felty's syndrome developed necrotic skin lesions associated with disseminated Candida tropicalis infection. These lesions differed from the previously described erythematous macronodules of disseminated candidiasis, although histologically there was a dermal infiltrate of yeast and pseudohyphae. Clinically, they resembled ecthyma gangrenosum associated with Pseudomonas septicemia. We believe candidiasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of large necrotic skin lesions in the compromised host.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Campylobacter fetus sepsis with mycotic aortic aneurysm.

Campylobacter fetus is a fastidious, curved, Gram-negative bacillus that has been increasingly associated with human disease. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first documented case of C fetus sepsis associated with an aortic mycotic aneurysm. Typical of previously reported cases of infections caused by this organism, this case involved a debilitated patient who was seen initially with a subacute febrile illness associated with bacteremia, but who died suddenly when the unsuspected aneurysm ruptured. The isolate was presumptively identified by its growth characteristics, motility, curved shape, and the presence of a single polar flagellum.

Aneurysm, Infected↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapy of skin, soft tissue, and bone infections with cefoxitin sodium.

Twenty-seven patients with skin and soft tissue infections, including three with contiguous osteomyelitis, were given cefoxitin intravenously or intramuscularly; the infections of 25 (93%) were resolved with cefoxitin therapy. Etiologic agents included staphylococci, streptococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and anaerobes. Susceptible pathogens were inhibited by less than or equal to 8 micrograms of cefoxitin/ml. This level of drug was surpassed by mean peak serum concentrations eight- to 12-fold after intravenous infusions and two- to threefold after intramuscular injections and resulted in eradication of susceptible organisms from lesions during treatment. Intravenously administered cefoxitin was well tolerated, although eosinophilia, phlebitis, elevation of levels of hepatic enzymes, and a positive direct Coombs' test were observed. Intramuscular injections of cefoxitin in 0.5% lidocaine caused pain and induration and thus were poorly tolerated.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ticarcillin-clavulanate therapy for bacterial skin and soft tissue infections.

Ticarcillin-clavulanate is active in vitro against the vast majority of pathogens involved in skin and soft tissue infections. A compilation of six controlled clinical trials of ticarcillin-clavulanate for treatment of skin infections showed a satisfactory clinical response in 175 (93%) of 189 cases. The bacteriologic response included eradication of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus species, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 88%, 75%, 88%, and 77% of cases, respectively. In addition, the records of 17 patients with diabetic foot infections who were treated with ticarcillin-clavulanate as monotherapy in controlled trials are reviewed. Eight of these infections were cured and eight were improved at the end of therapy. The available clinical data suggest that ticarcillin-clavulanate is effective antimicrobial therapy for skin infections.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Levels of antibiotic in human blood and interstitial fluid after oral administration of bacampicillin or phenoxymethyl penicillin and intravenous administration of amoxicillin or ampicillin.

Levels of antibiotic in the serum and interstitial fluid were determined for 11 volunteers who received conventional doses of either phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) or bacampicillin orally and for 11 volunteers who received either amoxicillin or ampicillin intravenously. The levels of antibiotic achieved in both blood and interstitial fluid were higher in the volunteers who received bacampicillin than in those who received penicillin V. The levels of antibiotic in serum and interstitial fluid of participants in the study who received amoxicillin or ampicillin intravenously were comparable with those achieved with equivalent doses of oral bacampicillin. The lowest levels of antibiotic in serum and interstitial fluid were obtained in volunteers who received oral penicillin V, whereas the highest levels were obtained in those given ampicillin and amoxicillin intravenously.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative study of bacampicillin hydrochloride, penicillin V, and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis due to beta-hemolytic streptococci.

Fifty-five outpatients with acute tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were treated during 1978 and 1979. Twenty-nine patients received 400 mg of bacampicillin twice a day, 21 patients received 250 mg of penicillin V four times a day, and five patients received 250 mg of amoxicillin every 8 hr. All except one patient, who was treated with bacampicillin, had a satisfactory clinical response to treatment. The bacteriologic response was satisfactory in all but one patient. None of the 55 patients developed adverse effects that necessitated the discontinuance of the antibiotic in use. No significant differences were found between the clinical or the bacteriologic responses to bacampicillin, penicillin V, or amoxicillin (Fisher's exact test).

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multicenter study of the clinical efficacy of imipenem/cilastatin for treatment of serious infections.

The efficacy and safety of imipenem/cilastatin was evaluated in a multicenter study. For 49 of the 78 patients with 79 infections entered into the study, the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of therapy could be evaluated. Toxicity data were analyzed for all 79 infections. Overall, 35 of 49 infections were cured or improved: 10 of 11 cases of pneumonia; 8 of 15 cases of pyelonephritis; 4 of 5 cases of osteomyelitis; 3 of 4 intravascular infections; 6 of 9 soft tissue infections; and 4 of 5 miscellaneous infections. There were 13 bacteriologic failures; superinfections with resistant organisms (i.e., Candida albicans, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas maltophilia) occurred in three patients; reinfection with sensitive pathogens complicated one urinary tract infection; relapses developed of five urinary tract infections and of one case of endarteritis; and bacteriologic persistence occurred in three soft tissue infections. Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most difficult to treat. In only six of 11 P. aeruginosa infections was both bacteriologic and clinical cure achieved. Adverse effects were minimal; no serious hematologic or hepatic toxicity and no adverse renal effects were noted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumonia and empyema caused by Clostridium sordellii.

A case of pleuropulmonary infection caused by Clostridium sordellii is reported for the first time. The clinical presentation with acute onset resembling pulmonary infarction, the absence of toxicity, hemolysis and shock, and response to penicillin and drainage was similar to that of patients with pleuropulmonary infection caused by C. perfringens.

Clostridium Infections↗