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Biomedical subjects

T M Itil

Publications and source records attributed to T M Itil.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Computerized Electroencephalogram. A model of understanding the brain function in childhood psychosis and its treatment.

Computer analysis of the electroencephalogram (CEEG) in psychotic children before and after pharmacotherapy, normal children of schizophrenic mothers, and matched normal children of normal parents indicated significant intergroup differences. The psychotic children had more slow, as well as very fast, EEG waves. With drug therapy the EEG showed a partial "normalization," as fast EEG activity decreased. The EEG and auditory evoked potential of children of schizophrenic mothers were strikingly similar to those of psychotic children and schizophrenic adults, with significant decreases of the average EEG amplitude and the evoked potential latencies. Psychotic children were distinctly differentiated from the normal children by discriminant function analysis of the EEG and EP. Quantitative analysis of brain functions in the mentally ill can help determine the neurophysiological correlates of behavior, a more scientific diagnostic classification, prognosis, and selection of therapy.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of human aggression with major tranquilizers, antidepressants, and newer psychotropic drugs.

Most of the drugs used in the treatment of aggressive syndromes have originally been developed for other clinical applications. Despite significant differences in the pathogenesis of various aggressive disorders, the frequently used "antiaggression" drugs are the major tranquilizers (neuroleptics). If the aggresstion is associated with psychosis, chlorpromazine or haloperidol are the drugs of choice. Aggressive disorders within the acute and chronic brain syndromes are best treated with pericyazine, thioridazine, and thiothixene. In aggressive symptoms of mentally retarded patients, particularly with epileptic syndromes, a new benzazepine (SCH12,679)was found to be very effective. Aggression associated with alcoholism or narcotic addiction showed best response to chlorpormazine and haloperidol. As a general rule, in aggressive patients with clinically known epilepsy, or with abnormal electroencephalographic findings, the major tranquilizers with potent sedative properties should be given with great caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Computerized EEG: predictor of outcome in schizophrenia.

Based on a double blind cross-over study, it was determined that schizophrenic patient who have more high frequency fast activity and a lesser degree of alpha and slow waves in computerized EEG before the treatment have a better therapeutic outcome to the major tranquilizer (neuroleptic) treatment. The correlation between pretreatment high frequency computer EEG measurements and better therapeutic outcome reached the level of statistical significance. "Therapy resistant" schizophrenic patients were characterized by a lesser degree of very fast beta activity, more alpha waves and slow waves, higher amplitudes in computer EEG, and a lesser degree of acute (florid) psychotic symptomatology but more "negative" symptoms such as motor retardation and blunted affect. One of the most striking results of the study is the finding that schizophrenic patients with certain psychopathological profiles also have similar computer EEG profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Comparative symptomatological and evoked potential studies with d-amphetamine, thioridazine, and placebo in hyperkinetic children.

In a double-blind study, 62 hyperkinetic children were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with either placebo, thioridazine, or d-amphetamine. The overall clinical symptomatology improved with all three substances, although d-amphetamine was significantly superior to placebo and thioridazine. Out of eight symptom clusters rated by the parents, two improved significantly with placebo, one with thioridazine, and six with d-amphetamine. The d-amphetamine was superior to placebo in reducing muscular tension and superior to thioridazine in decreasing hyperactive-impulsive behavior, psychosomatic problems, and muscular tension. Out of four teachers' symptom clusters, inattentive-passive behavior was significantly improved by thioridazine (which was also superior to placebo), while hyperactivity was reduced by d-amphetamine. Quantitative evaluation of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) revealed an increase in latencies and decrease in amplitudes during thioridazine treatment. Paradoxically, d-amphetamine also increased latencies, while tending to augment amplitudes. Regression and correlation analysis of clinical symptomatology with VEP variables showed that the shorter the pretreatment latencies and the higher the amplitudes, the more disturbed was the child. Short latencies and small amplitudes in the pretreatment period were predictors of good therapeutic outcome with subsequent thioridazine treatment, while short latencies and high amplitudes were indicative of such with d-amphetamine treatment. During therapy, the greater the drug-induced augmentation of latencies, the greater the clinical improvement. Finally, VEP differences between therapy-responsive and -resistant patients were explored and discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Prediction of psychotropic properties of lisuride hydrogen maleate by quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalogram.

Based on "quantitative pharmaco-EEG" using computer-analyzed EEG (CEEG) measurements, unknown CNS effects of lisuride hydrogen maleate (LHM) were established. CEEG profiles of LHM in low dosages (less than or equal to 10 mcg) are similar to CNS "inhibitory" compounds, while in higher dosages (25 mcg to 100 mcg) they resemble "psychostimulant" compounds. By measuring the brain function using computer period analysis of cerebral biopotentials, dose-efficacy relations were found (in the range of 25-75 mcg) which suggest the bioavailability of LHM at the CNS level. By comparing the CEEG profiles of LHM with the previously studied compounds, five different clinical uses of LHM were predicted. The pilot trials suggest that LHM may have therapeutic potentials in patients with "aging" and/or organic brain syndromes, and in children with behavioral disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Are hormones psychoactive? Evoked potential investigations in man.

The somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) of physically and mentally healthy male subjects was recorded before as well as 4 hours after administration of one single dose of placebo, cyproterone acetate (an antiandrogen), and mesterolone (an androgen). Quantitative evaluation of drug-induced changes in SEP latencies and amplitudes, which, when plotted in terms of t-values, result in the so-called "SEP profiles", did not demonstrate any significant alterations after placebo. Contrary to this, cyproterone acetate induced systematic and significant changes characterized by a latency increase in the early peaks and latency decrease in the late peaks of the SEP. Apart from the non-significant amplitude changes, such alterations were previously described by us as typical for drugs of the anxiolytic class. Mesterolone on the other hand, produced a significant latency decrease in the early part and a latency increase in the late part of the evoked response which was found to be typical for the SEP profiles of tricyclic antidepressants. The amplitude did not show any systematic changes. Based on step-wise discriminant analysis of these data we could significantly differentiate both hormones from placebo as well as from each other. A comparative analysis of low and high doses did not yield any significant differences between the two levels. It was concluded that both test substances have psychoactive properties; whereas cyproterone acetate reveals anxiolytic qualities, mesterolone exhibits antidepressant ones. These findings are discussed from the clinical as well as from the neurophysiological point of view.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

Clinical and CNS effects of oral and I.V. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients.

Both oral and intravenous TRH produce systematic alterations in brain function of depressive patients as determined by scalp-recorded computerized cerebral biopotentials (computer EEG). The computer EEG (CEEG) profiles of both formulations are not only very similar to each other, but also resemble the CEEG profiles of psychostimulant compounds (Bio-availability). As in CEEG findings, TSH plasma levels also indicate that oral TRH is indeed an active compound. Although some "antidepressive" effects were observed after both formulations, they were not present in every patient, and it was not always the case after repetitive TRH administration, nor were the effects on depressed mood too impressive. On the other hand, in almost all patients certain behavioral effects of TRH were seen which related to "life instincts" and "life performance". The increase of interest, desire and drive for work, food and sex was one of the most striking findings, particularly after intravenous TRH. This may be responsible for the "antidepressive" effects of TRH in patients in whom depression may be the result of an inhibition of "instinctive" functions.

Administration, Oral↗