[The serum levels of human calcitonin (hCT) and salmon calcitonin (sCT) in lung cancer patients].
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Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Biomedical subjects
T M Lin
Publications and source records attributed to T M Lin.
Species variation of gonadotropic activity in an in vitro assay measuring androgen formation by carp (Cyprinus carpio) testis with special reference to bioassay of piscine gonadotropins.
The objectives of this study were to establish a suitable and validated in vitro bioassay of piscine gonadotropins (GTHs) by using a carp testis androgen production system and to compare the androgenic responses in such an assay to gonadotropins from various vertebrate species. The testes from mature carp with gonadosomatic indices of 8-30% were used. Androgen production was first compared with respect to methods for preparation of the carp testis (sliced, minced, homogenized, and collagenase-dispersed testis preparations). The time course of androgen formation, the effects of xanthine and theophylline, and other factors on androgen production also were investigated. Theophylline was more effective than xanthine in potentiation of gonadotropin-evoked androgen formation by carp testis. The testis preparations were incubated in medium 199 (pH 7.40) containing 2 mM theophylline with shaking at 100 cycles/min at 25 degrees C for 4 hr. Homogenized testis preparations had limited ability for androgen production, while sliced, minced, and minced-collagenase-dispersed testis preparations were highly responsive to gonadotropins for androgen production. The minced testis preparation, utilizing 100 mg/ml incubation medium per vial, was chosen as the standard incubation procedure in this study. The minced testis androgen production assay was highly sensitive to gonadotropins from several piscine species (silver carp, common carp, and salmon), and all these GTHs produced parallel dose-related androgen production curves. Mammalian GTHs were also capable of promoting androgen formation by carp testis, but they were much less potent than were piscine GTHs. Pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) was more effective than human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in evoking carp testis androgen production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Androgens↗
Mortality of hepatoma and cirrhosis of liver in Taiwan.
A study of mortality from hepatoma and hepatic cirrhosis was conducted in Taiwan, where their mortality rates are among the highest in the world in 1980 being 26.10 and 8.14 per 100,000 population for males and females, respectively, for hepatoma, and 33.01 and 12.90 for males and females, respectively, for cirrhosis. The secular trends of hepatoma and hepatic cirrhosis death rates have been increasing, especially in males, with consequent increase in the sex ratio. The large difference in mortality rates between males and females and the increasing trends in the sex ratio suggest that other factors besides hepatitis B virus (HBV), are involved in the aetiology of hepatoma and cirrhosis of liver.
Adolescent↗
An enzyme immunoassay for immunoglobulin M antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii which is not affected by rheumatoid factor or immunoglobulin G antibodies.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for total antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was modified to measure specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. The assay requires three incubation periods totaling 2 h and enzyme-labeled-heavy-chain-specific antibodies to human IgM. The objective read-out in absorbance was normalized to percent of a standardized positive control for interpretations. No difference was observed between the assay results with or without previous absorption of the samples by Staphylococcus aureus protein A to remove most of the IgG antibodies. Addition of serum containing very high levels of IgG antibodies to another containing both IgG and IgM antibodies did not change the IgM assay values for the latter. None of the 22 sera containing high levels of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) gave positive ELISA IgM results, even though 8 of them also had high levels of IgG toxoplasma antibodies. Mixtures of sera containing high concentrations of RF with sera having high levels of IgG toxoplasma antibodies also failed to show any false-positive reactions in the IgM toxoplasma assay. Thus, this ELISA for T. gondii IgM antibodies was not affected by IgG toxoplasma antibodies and RF.
Adult↗
Treponemal antibody-absorbent enzyme immunoassay for syphilis.
An enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of syphilis (ELISA-SY) was developed with solid-phase extracts of Treponema pallidum, specimen diluent containing Reiter treponeme absorbent, and three 30-min incubations. The ELISA-SY results were determined in comparison with a standardized positive control and reported as a percentage of strong positive control. In tests with 1,005 serum samples from a venereal disease clinic and other sources, 98.2% agreement was found with fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) results, and 98.3% agreement was found with T. pallidum passive hemagglutination (PHA) findings. Only 1 of 29 sera originally considered to be biologically false-positive by ELISA-SY; the latter specimen was also positive by PHA and FTA-ABS tests performed in our laboratories. Serum samples from clinically diagnosed syphilitics (16 primary-stage isolates, 7 secondary-stage isolates, and 3-latent-stage isolates) were all positive by ELISA-SY, FTA-ABS, and PHA. Serum samples from 51 newborns suspected of having syphilis on the basis of positive cardiolipin flocculation tests showed 98% agreement of ELISA-SY results with FTA-ABS and PHA findings. Sera from all 61 patients with a variety of autoimmune and other diseases known to be associated with biologically false-positive reactions for syphilis were negative by this ELISA-SY. The specificity of the ELISA procedure for T. pallidum antibody was also confirmed immunologically by blocking experiments.
Antibodies↗
Rapid dot enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigen was coated onto a white opaque plastic card as small dots inside circles marked in the microtiter plate well pattern. The card with antigen dots could be cut according to the number of test samples to be assayed. Small drops of undiluted serum samples, goat antibodies to human immunoglobulin G labeled with alkaline phosphatase, and finally substrate (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate) were sequentially added to the antigen spots and incubated in the open air at room temperature for 5 min each. The antigen dots showed blue color for sera with immunoglobulin G antibodies to cytomegalovirus but no color for those without. The developed antigen dots could be rinsed with water and kept as permanent records. For the assay of a large number of serum samples, a modified procedure with serum diluted 1:10 and longer first two incubations (20 min each) was found to be more comfortable to perform. The results of this assay for 123 undiluted and 256 diluted serum samples revealed very good correlations with those obtained by a commercially available test kit for immunoglobulin G antibodies to cytomegalovirus with 97 and 99% agreement, respectively. This dot test was very reproducible and required no instrumentation. The reagents, including coated antigen dots, are stable at room temperature for at least 2 months and are ready for use.
Adult↗
Actions of nizatidine, a selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist, on gastric acid secretion in dogs, rats and frogs.
Nizatidine (LY139037), a selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist, is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. It was 17.8 times as active as cimetidine on histamine (10(-5) M)-induced secretion from the isolated gastric mucosa of the bullfrog. Nizatidine was 8.9 times as active as cimetidine on basal acid secretion of the chronic gastric fistula rats after s.c. administration. Against acid secretion from the vagally innervated gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch of dogs stimulated with submaximal doses of histamine, methacholine and gastrin, nizatidine was, respectively, 6.5, 5 and 4.7 times as active as cimetidine by i.v. administration. Nizatidine was very well absorbed from the gut and was 5 to 10 times as active as cimetidine on gastric acid secretion of dogs induced by submaximal and maximal doses of histamine when given p.o. Equal molar doses of nizatidine showed equal peak effects when given i.v., s.c. or i.m. Pharmacological data indicate that nizatidine is safe and effective as an agent for the control of excessive gastric acid secretion.
Administration, Oral↗
Actions of nizatidine on the rat uterus, dog stomach and experimentally induced gastric lesions.
Nizatidine is a potent and selective antagonist of histamine. The histamine-induced relaxation of the KCl-treated rat uterus was inhibited dose-dependently by nizatidine. The inhibition was characterized by displacement of the dose-response to histamine to the right, in parallel, without depression of the maximum. The affinity of nizatidine for the histamine H2-receptor of the rat uterus was about 10 times that of cimetidine. The steady-state dose-response acid outputs stimulated by histamine from the Heidenhain pouch and the gastric fistula were also shifted dose-dependently by nizatidine, in parallel, to the right. The inhibition was consistent with a surmountable antagonism of histamine. At high (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) concentrations, nizatidine increased the motility of the guinea pig stomach and duodenum in vitro; this effect was abolished noncompetitively by atropine (10(-8) M) and pyrilamine (10(-4) M). Both nizatidine and cimetidine administered s.c. showed "cytoprotective" action by reducing the gastric lesions induced by 1) aminoguinidine and pylorus ligation and 2) HCl plus aspirin in the rat. On a weight and molar basis, nizatidine was 4 and 5.25 times as effective as cimetidine, respectively. This cytoprotective action of nizatidine was found when acidity and total acid load in the stomach were not affected by the histamine H2-receptor antagonist.
Animals↗
Interaction of factors associated with cancer of the nasopharynx.
A retrospective study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) revealed that smoking, working under poor ventilation, use of nasal balms or oil for nasal and throat troubles, use of herbal drugs, and anti-EBV antibody titer were found statistically associated. The dural interactions of these factors to the risk of NPC were presented. Except in work conditions with poor ventilation and when herbal drugs are used, all the combinations were synergistic. The synergistic actions were especially remarkable with smoking and other factors. The possible etiological mechanisms of NPC are discussed.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein B (PAPP-B) in normal and abnormal pregnancies at term.
At term, the pregnancy-associated plasma protein B (PAPP-B) level in normal pregnancy was correlated with placental and newborn weights, but not with nine other normal obstetric variables. It was lower in pregnancies complicated by diabetes or severe toxaemia, and higher in twin pregnancies.
Adolescent↗
Immunological relationships of human and subhuman primate pregnancy-associated plasma proteins.
(1) Four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins cross-reactive with antibodies to the human pregnancy proteins were detected in several species of pregnant subhuman primates. In the case of the two apes studied (chimpanzee and orangutan), these appeared to be immunologically identical to the human PAPPs (PAPP-A, -B, -C, and HCS). In the old world monkeys analyzed, equivalent partially cross-reactive PAPPs were found; while in the new world squirrel monkey, only faint traces of cross-reactive PAPP-C and HCS were observed with the most sensitive methods used. (2) As in the human, these proteins appeared to be specific for pregnancy, not being detectable in nonpregnant animals, female or male. (3) The pregnant chimpanzee possessed significantly higher concentrations of PAPP-A and PAPP-C than did women at an equivalent stage of pregnancy, while the HCS and PAPP-B levels appeared to be approximately the same. (4) The primate PAPP-C analogues were more complex than human PAPP-C, often revealing multiple gel diffusion patterns with subfractions of differing electrophoretic mobilities. (5) Based on the changes of electrophoretic mobility upon exposure to neuraminidase, the subhuman primate as well as human PAPP-A and PAPP-C appeared to be glycoproteins containing sialic acid. (6) In the chimpanzee and rhesus monkey, as in the human, the levels of PAPP-A, PAPP-C, and HCS were appreciably higher during the third trimester of pregnancy than they were during the second trimester.
Animals↗
Pregnancy-associated plasma proteins in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats.
As in the human, the rat pregnancy-associated plasma proteins consisted of four distinct entities as revealed by immunological methods. All showed gradual increases during gestation and rapid disappearance postpartum. They could be physicochemically, although not immunologically, tentatively related to the human pregnancy proteins. None of them was detectable in the serum of rats at various stages of pseudopregnancy, nor in nonpregnant rats.
Animals↗
Characterization and purification of pregnancy-associated plasma protein B (PAPP-B).
PAPP-B is a pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein of large molecular weight, about 1,000,000 as determined by Sepharose 4B and 6B gel filtration. Its isoelectric point is between pH 4.6 and 5.0. It has been purified at least 800-fold from term pregnancy serum by a sequence of steps involving salting out at 30% saturation with ammonium sulfate (1,2M), DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sepharose 4B gel filtration and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Monospecific antiserum to PAPP-B has been prepared, and used to differentiate it from several other newly reported tumor or pregnancy proteins. PAPP-B was found to increase slowly during the second trimester of pregnancy and more steeply during the third, reaching a plateau in late gestation. During the postpartum period, PAPP-B disappeared quite rapidly, with an apparent half-life of less than 1 day.
Blood Proteins↗
Plasma concentrations of four pregnancy proteins in complications of pregnancy.
Toxemia of pregnancy was associated with an elevation of the pregnancy-associated plasma protein (PAPP)-A concentration, as compared to the level in normal pregnancy in the last month of gestation. The other pregnancy proteins measured were not altered in toxemia. In twin pregnancies, the PAPP-A, PAPP-C, and human placental lactogen levels were all increased, particularly PAPP-A. On the other hand, pregnancy zone protein was not affected by twinning. Pregnancy with diabetes showed normal levels of these proteins.
Blood Proteins↗
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen and early antigen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and comparison groups.
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (anti-VCA) and early antigen (anti-EA) were measured in 263 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 624 age- and sex-matched neighborhood controls, 570 family members of NPC patients and 830 family members of neighborhood controls in Taiwan. The distribution of antibody titers was significantly different between NPC patients and the other three groups. More than 55% and 45% of NPC patients had titers of greater than or equal to 1:640 and greater than or equal to 1:80 for anti-VCA and anti-EA, respectively, while less than 6.7% and 2.5% of the other three groups had such high titers. The geometric means of anti-VCA and anti-EA titers were 1:352 and 1:45, respectively, in NPC patients compared to less than 1:77 and 1:12, respectively, in the comparison groups. Anti-VCA and anti-EA titers were significantly correlated. The association of EBV with NPC is discussed.
Antibodies, Viral↗
Bovine pancreatic peptide: action on gastric and pancreatic secretion in dogs.
Bovine pancreatic peptide (BPP) is a straight chain peptide containing 36 amino acid residues that has recently been isolated from pancreatic tissue. At a dose of 40 mug/kg-h intravenously, it stimulated gastric acid secretion when given alone but inhibited the submaximal secretion induced by the C-terminal pentapeptide of gastrin. Basal pancreatic secretion of dogs was inhibited by BPP (1-10 mug/kg-h) inhibited pancreatic protein secretion but often showed a biphasic action on water-bicarbonate response, an initial augmentation followed by reduction. BPP (2-5 mug/kg-h) inhibited pancreatic water-bicarbonate and protein secretions induced by an infusion of secretin plus cholecystokinin. Des-tyrosyl-NH2 BPP lacking the C-terminal tyrosyl amide, failed to inhibit gastric acid induced by C-terminal pentapeptide of gastrin or pancreatic secretion induced by secretin. BPP had no hyper- or hypoglycemic, hyperkalemic, or diuretic actions in the dog.
Animals↗
Action of glucagon and aspirin on ionic flux, mucosal blood flow and bleeding in the fundic pouch of dogs.
Into vagally denervated (Heidenhain) pouches of 4 dogs 25 ml of 0.1 M HCl was instilled and removed at 30 min intervals for 6 hours. During the 4th, 5th, and 6th 30 min periods the acid instillate contained 5 mg/ml of aspirin. Aspirin significantly increased gastric-mucosal clearance of aminopyrine (mucosal blood flow), outputs of Na+, Ca++, Mg++, hemoglobin, and plasma transferrin-Cr51 into the pouch contents, and disappearance of H+ from lumen to mucosa. Glucagon, 50 mug/kg subcutaneously was given during irrigation with aspirin and again 1 hour later. Glucagon did not significantly affect loss of acid from lumen to mucosa or the increase in Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++ effluxes caused by aspirin. Glucagon significantly decreased mucosal blood flow and the hemorrhage and loss of plasma protein into the instillate induced by aspirin.
Aminopyrine↗
A statistical analysis on mortality of malignant neoplasms in Taiwan.
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Adolescent↗