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Biomedical subjects

T M Lin

Publications and source records attributed to T M Lin.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Lactation and cancer of the breast. A summary of an international study.

An international collaborative study has been carried out to test the hypothesis that prolonged lactation protects women against cancer of the breast. While pregnancy itself seemed to confer some protection against breast cancer in all areas studied, no consistent differences in duration of lactation were found between breast cancer patients and unaffected women, once the fact that breast cancer patients have fewer pregnancies had been allowed for. Even in areas where some women had lactated for a total of 5 years or more, such women occurred proportionately no less frequently among breast cancer patients than among unaffected women. In the light of this and other recent evidence, it is unlikely that lactation has any protective effect against breast cancer in women, and other explanations must be sought for the remarkable international differences in the frequency of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Age at first birth and breast cancer risk.

An international collaborative study of breast cancer and reproductive experience has been carried out in 7 areas of the world. In all areas studied, a striking relation between age at first birth and breast cancer risk was observed. It is estimated that women having their first child when aged under 18 years have only about one-third the breast cancer risk of those whose first birth is delayed until the age of 35 years or more. Births after the first, even if they occur at an early age, have no, or very little, protective effect. The reduced risk of breast cancer in women having their first child at an early age explains the previously observed inverse relationship between total parity and breast cancer risk, since women having their first birth early tend to become ultimately of high parity. The association with age at first birth requires different kinds of etiological hypotheses from those that have been invoked in the past to explain the association between breast cancer risk and reproductive experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aesthetic analysis of the ideal female leg.

The aesthetics of the attractive leg are dependent on three principle factors: length, circumference, and shape. Advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation have the ability to predict an aesthetic result in contouring the leg. However, because of patient variability and differing opinions of the surgeon, the leg aesthetics criteria and thus surgical goals have not been clearly defined. We performed an evaluation of Taiwan Chinese female leg aesthetics by using two study groups. Popular fashion models were evaluated and compared with our attractive female population. We noticed subjectively that there are similar leg shapes in both groups. Criteria that contribute to the aesthetics of the attractive legs can be used as guides for doctors and patients to achieve a more aesthetic and predictable leg contour.

Esthetics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of novel genes linked to the androgen-induced, proliferative shutoff in prostate cancer cells.

Androgens control cell numbers in the prostate through three separate pathways: (a) inhibition of cell death, (b) induction of cell proliferation (Step-1) and (c) inhibition of cell proliferation (Step-2, proliferative shutoff). The mechanisms underlying these phenomena are incompletely understood. The human prostate carcinoma LNCaP variants express these pathways as follows: LNCaP-FGC express both steps, LNCaP-LNO expresses Step-2, LNCaP-TAC expresses Step-1, and LNCaP-TJA cells express neither step. These cells facilitated the search for mediators of the androgen-induced proliferative shutoff pathway. Androgen exposure for 24 h or longer induced an irreversible proliferative shutoff in LNCaP-FGC cells. The Wang and Brown approach for identifying differentially expressed mRNAs was used to search for mediators of Step-2. Ten unique inserts were identified and from those ten, three genes were further studied. The basal expression of these genes in shutoff-negative variants was not affected by androgen exposure. They were induced by androgens in shutoff-positive LNCaP variants and the androgen receptor-transfected, shutoff-positive, MCF7-AR1 cells. These genes were induced only in the range of androgen concentrations that elicited the shutoff response. Time course analysis showed that their induction precedes the commitment point by 12-18 h. In addition, they were expressed in the normal prostate during proliferative shutoff. These features suggest that the candidate genes have a role in the regulation cascade for proliferative shutoff.

Animals↗