Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T M Preobrazhenskaia.
102 myogenous tumours and 12 unchanged areas of the uterine wall were studied histologically, morphometrically, stereometrically, microspectrophotometrically and electron microscopically. The differential-diagnostic importance of the mitotic activity, nuclear DNA content, volume proportion of the myofibrillar material in comparison with the cell density and volume proportion of nuclei is shown.
The paper presents the analysis of examination and treatment data on 80 patients with long-healing gastric ulcer (12 weeks or longer), of contributing factors (sex, age, ulcer site and size, smoking, alcohol abuse, associated diseases), of changes in the antral and fundal gastric mucosa as well as in immune system, of conservative treatment results.
A statistical analysis of 431 records with the information concerning the work of a pathologist in the regional, republican, city and central hospitals and in the oncological dispensaries during one year is performed. The structure of the necropsy and biopsy material according to the nosology in the above hospitals is described.
Two patients who underwent 28 and 20 years ago operation for correction of coarctation of the aorta and its restoration by synthetic dacron prostheses were examined. They had characteristic complaints. Examination by functional and invasive methods revealed changes in the synthetic prostheses which caused the characteristic complaints and elements of the disease. The findings of autopsy were studied in a case of sudden death 25 years after repair of the aorta by a dacron prosthesis in coarctation. Morphological examination revealed essential changes in the synthetic dacron prosthesis which led to complications in the late postoperative period.
General and special skills in pathology, hospital management and ethics as well as twelve occupational tasks have been developed, documented and put forward for discussion as requirements for clinical pathologists in a multi-type hospital.
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Information on the spread of listeriosis, enzymatic and immunological properties of the genus Listeria are given. Morphology and clinical course of the neuro-septic form of listeriosis in a man of 19, is described. The disease developed rapidly and resulted in the patient's death due to destructive encephalitis in the region of paraventricular parts of the brain and cerebellum destruction. Acute monocytic (histiocytic) granulomas are found in the internal organs.
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Clinico-anatomic analysis of section and biopsy materials (skin, kidneys; synovial membranes of joints, lungs) was performed to study the effect of immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory therapy on the course and morphological manifestations of rheumatic diseases. In rheumatic fever, predominant involvement of valvular endocardium with flaccid asymptomatic course was observed with the lack of vasculitis and myocardial involvement, decreased fatality rate, a shift of fatality and morbility to middle age groups suggesting changes in the epidemiology of the disease and pathomorphosis of this nosological form. In systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, treatment of the disease positively affects its clinical, morphological, and immunological manifestations, i. e. partial pathomorphosis (nosomorphosis) occurs.
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Taking into consideration the experience in examinations at medical schools of various countries and personal experience in conducting examinations by the test method, the authors believe that the test method should be used at examinations in order to assess the knowledge of the students objectively, particularly, when the number of students to be examined is large. This method is sufficiently effective, time saving, permits one to correlate the results of teaching with the tasks set, to detect defects in studying some parts of the course and to correct the process of teaching. It should be used only partially, however, to examine the knowledge of the theoretical part of the course, whereas the practical part should be presented at oral exams allowing personal contacts of the teachers and the students.
The data from the literature and the authors' own studies on changes in the lungs in systemic diseases of the connective tissue with immune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periarteriitis nodosum are presented. Changes in the lungs in the above diseases have some common features: damage of the microcirculatory bed, increased vascular permeability, impregnation with plasma of alveolar septae and vessel walls, cellular reactions, and septo-alveolar sclerosis. Specific features of each of the diseases under study were demonstrated. The time course of morphological changes in the lungs was followed in relation to the severity, duration, and form of the disease.
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The article presents data of the literature and the author's personal two observations on combination of systemic scleroderma and cancer of the lungs. According to the data obtained, the most frequent forms of neoplasms in this combination were tumours of an adenomatous structure. A decisive role in the machanism of development of adenomatosis of the lungs was played by septo-alveolar sclerosis which led to rearrangement of the lung tissue. Potential malignancy of adenomatosis of the lungs in systemic sclerodermia was closely connected with participation of a "defective" collagen of the embryonic type in the formation of the basal membrane of the alveolar epithelium, as well as with the predominance among the tumour cells of granular pneumocytes of the B type characteristic of the embryonal period of mammals.
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