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Biomedical subjects

T M Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to T M Reynolds.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Microalbuminuria is an early response following acute myocardial infarction.

Ninety-six patients admitted to two coronary care units with suspected acute myocardial infarction were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed in 44, the remaining 52 were used as a control group. The first urine passed after admission, together with early morning urines on the following 3 days, were saved in all patients. Urinary albumin and IgG were measured by automated immunoturbidimetry and expressed as the protein creatinine ratio in mg.mmol-1. The log mean (SD) albumin creatinine ratios for the first urine passed in the myocardial infarction and non-myocardial infarction patient groups were 6.2(4.2) and 1.3(3.4) respectively. The difference in log mean albumin creatinine ratio was 4.9 mg.mmol-1, 95% CI 3.4 to 6.2 mg.mmol-1; t = 6.127 df = 94, P less than 0.0001. The median IgG creatinine ratio for the first urine passed after admission in myocardial infarction patients was 1.0 mg.mmol-1 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.2) and for non-myocardial infarction patients 0.3 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.4). Increased urinary protein excretion appears to be an early and proportional response to acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of weight correction on risk calculations for Down's syndrome screening.

Recent advances in prenatal screening have led to the possibility that the risk of Down's syndrome associated pregnancy may be assessed by blood tests for maternal serum alphafetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotrophin (and possibly unconjugated oestriol) taken at 15-18 weeks of gestation. In neural tube defect screening correction of maternal serum alphafetoprotein for maternal weight has been recommended, although the precise method for weight correction is still under debate. We report an assessment of weight correction for maternal serum alphafetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin based on 1408 singleton pregnancies and for unconjugated oestriol based on 197 singleton pregnancies. We demonstrate that weight correction of maternal serum alphafetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotrophin is statistically valid but that correction of unconjugated oestriol is not.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1990

The mathematical basis of multivariate risk screening: with special reference to screening for Down's syndrome associated pregnancy.

The underlying mathematical techniques behind the multivariate normal distribution are explained in principle and expanded in detail for up to three variables. The application of multivariate distributions to screening programs is described with particular reference to the calculation of risk ratios for the detection of Down's syndrome between 15 and 19 weeks of gestation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Angiography of the crus penis in the ram and buck during erection.

Serial angiography was used to determine blood flow patterns to the penis of rams and bucks. Animals were anesthetized and the internal pudendal artery was catheterized so that contrast medium could be injected toward the crus penis area. By comparing vascular patterns of the ram and buck during erection, it was found that flow patterns of the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) and corpus spongiosum penis (CSP) were similar for both species. Contraction of the ischiocavernosus muscles occluded the arterial inflow and venous outflow to the CCP, making it a closed system during peak erection. However, during erection, the contrast medium continued to flow into the CSP, showing that it is not a closed system. In the vasodilatation phase, the CSP usually filled before and more intensely than did the CCP.

Angiography↗
PubMed1975

Corpus spongiosum penis pressure and penile muscle activity in the stallion during coitus.

A needle-tipped catheter or subminiature pressure transducer was implanted in the corpus spongiosum penis (CSP) of Shetland Pony stallions to determine pressure during coitus. Electrodes for monitoring the electromyographic (EMG) activity were implanted in the ischiocavernosus (IC) and bulbospongiosus (BS) muscles. The mean peak CSP pressure recorded with the catheter was 762 mm of Hg, and with the subminiature pressure transducer, it was 994 mm of Hg. The simultaneous occurrence of the CSP pressure peaks and bursts of BS muscle activity indicated that these muscles were the likely source of energy for the increased pressures, which were far greater than the systemic blood pressure. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that anesthesia of the BS muscles greatly reduced the CSP pressures of the stallion during attempted coitus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A nineteenth century view of the optic commissure.

Historically, ophthalmologists and anatomists have been intrigued by the optic nerve and its decussation. Isaac Newton was the first to describe and suggest the significance of the chiasmal crossing, while W.H. Wollaston defined the importance of hemiretinal differentiation in 1824. However, at that time, the vertical meridian separating nasal from temporal retina was believed to be located at the optic papillae. This theory was disproved in 1870 by two Philadelphia ophthalmologists, who demonstrated and documented the vertical meridian at the macula during their examination of an injured Civil War soldier.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Randomized comparison trial of the RIK and the Nimbus 3 mattresses.

A randomized comparison trial was carried out at Queen's Hospital, Burton-on-Trent, to compare patient outcomes on the RIK mattress (KCI) and the Nimbus 3 mattress (Huntleigh Healthcare). One hundred and fifty-eight patients, who were assessed to be at particular risk of development of pressure ulcers using the Waterlow score (85 on RIK mattress, 83 on Nimbus), completed the trial. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline parameters at recruitment or pressure ulcer progress. Lack of difference can be as useful as evidence of superiority. Other factors such as nursing interventions required accessible equipment, and costs are important when making equipment choices. For a significant proportion of patients, a static (RIK) mattress can be as effective as an active (Nimbus 3) mattress for management of pressure ulcers.

Aged↗