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T M Zhao

Publications and source records attributed to T M Zhao.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

HLA, GM, KM, and Diego blood group typing of Chippewa Indians.

This is the first report characterizing HLA antigen distribution in North American Indians of the Chippewa tribe. One hundred seventy-four Chippewa from Minnesota underwent HLA-A,B,C,DR, and DQ typing in a search for a single unrelated bone marrow donor. The high matching rate of this successful search is attributed to homozygosity and the extreme frequency of certain antigens in this small ethnic community. It is emphasized that smaller donor pools are required in searches within a minority population. GM and KM allotype typing as well as blood group Diego typing show patterns similar to those reported in other North American Indian groups.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1990

HLA-DR, DQ antigens in North American Caucasians.

HLA-DR, DQ specificities are determined by serological methods in 2,586 North American Caucasians. Antigen frequency, gene frequency and haplotype frequency are computed for each phenotype observed. The DR and DQ loci antigen distributions are well-fitted to a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p greater than 0.25 for DR locus, p greater than 0.10 for DQ locus). All World Health Organization (WHO) recognized HLA-DR,DQ specificities were found except HLA-DRw18, which has been identified only in the black population. DR and DQ linkage disequilibria among recently defined splits is observed. The following DR and DQ associations are found: DR1 and DQw5; DR4 and DQw7, DQw8; DR7 and DQw2, DQw9; DR8 and DQw4, DQw6, DQw7; DR9 and DQw2, DQw9; DRw10 and DQw5; DRw11 and DQw6, DQw7; DRw12 and DQw5, DQw7; DRw13 and DQw6, DQw7; DRw14 and DQw5, DQW7; DRw15 and DQw6, DQw7; DRw16 and DQw5; DRw17 and DQw2. In this large study population, the following unusual DR and DQ associations are found: DR4, DQw2; DR4, DQw1; DR1, DQw7; DR7, DQw5; DRw17, DQw6; and other unusual haplotype phenotypes containing DRX, DQX.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1989

Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese populations: a hypothesis of the origin of the Chinese nation.

This paper reports the distribution of immunoglobulin Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese geographical populations. These populations are derived from 24 nationalities comprising 96.6% of the total population of China. A total of 9,560 individuals were phenotyped for Gm(1,2,3,5,21) factors, and 9,611 were phenotyped for Km(1). Phylogenetic trees were constructed on the basis of Gm haplotype frequencies and genetic distances. The results of cluster analysis show the heterogeneity of the Chinese nation, and confirm the hypothesis that the modern Chinese nation originated from two distinct populations, one population originating in the Yellow River valley and the other originating in the Yangtze River valley during early neolithic times (3,000-7,000 years ago). Frequencies of the Gm haplotype of 74 Chinese populations were compared with those of 33 populations from major racial groups. The results suggest that during human evolution, the Negroid group and Caucasoid-Mongoloid group diverged first, followed by a divergence between the Caucasoid and Mongoloid. Interrace divergence is high in comparison with intrarace divergence. There appear to be two distinct subgroups of Mongoloid, northern and southern Mongoloid. The northern and southern Mongoloid have Gm1;21 and Gm1,3;5 haplotypes as race-associate markers, respectively. Furthermore, the Caucasian-associated haplotype Gm3;5 was found in several of the minorities living in the northwest part of China. The presence of the Gm3;5 haplotype is attributed to the Caucasians living in Central Asia throughout the Silk Road. The amount of Caucasian admixture has been estimated. In contrast to the Gm haplotype distribution, Km1 gene frequencies showed a random distribution in the populations studied.

Asian People↗
PubMed1988

A new specificity, SH7 (Bw75), defined by antisera produced by planned immunization.

SH7 specificity was defined by a group of antisera developed in Shanghai, China by planned immunization. SH7 antibody is cross-reactive with B5 and B15, as demonstrated by the serological reaction patterns obtained during planned immunization. Using 9th and 10th International Histocompatibility Workshop sera, we were able to confirm SH7, TS-1 and B15Kemp as identical specificities. They are equivalent to BW62S and B15Short-Thai. In view of the cross-reaction patterns obtained during planned immunization, SH7 appears to belong to the B5, B15, B35 and Bw70 cross-reactive groups.

Epitopes↗
PubMed1988

The polymorphism of HLA antigens in the Chinese.

Remarkable differences were observed in antigen frequencies (AF), gene frequencies (GF) and haplotype frequencies (HF) when 2441 healthy Chinese individuals representing nine different ethnic groups and living in 14 different geographic locations were examined for the genetic distribution of the various HLA Class I and II markers. A sizable number of individuals of each ethnic group within each of the three major categories of the Chinese population, namely, Hans, Mongols, and Southern minorities, have been studied here, providing useful population statistics for applications such as determination of probabilities of paternity, comparisons for HLA and disease associations, and anthropologic studies.

China↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for CSH1, a variant of Cw3, in an Oriental population.

There have recently been a number of reports on Cw3 variants. By using 9th International Histocompatibility Workshop (9 IHW) sera to study 18 Chinese families, we were able to identify three distinct Cw3 patterns: Cw3.1, Cw3.2 and CSH1. CSH1 appears to be that component at the broad Cw3 determinant that is shared with the broad Cw1 determinant. With 9 IHW sera, we were able to distinguish between Cw1 and Cw3 traveling on the same haplotype from Cw1 and Cw3 traveling on different haplotypes.

Asian People↗
PubMed1987

A "new" HLA-C specificity, CSH-2, restricted to Oriental populations.

The high frequency of C-locus blank alleles in different races suggests the existence of an undetected antigen. We have identified a new C-locus antigen, tentatively named CSH-2, which is present in Oriental populations, but is apparently not present in Caucasoid, or Black populations. This new specificity was defined by a single strong monospecific antiserum, named ZHA114, which was obtained by planned immunization.

Asian People↗
PubMed1986

Evidence for existence of ST-16 specificity in Chinese.

The two new HLA-B specificities ST-16 and SH6 were defined for the first time with the local sera in Mexican-Americans and Chinese, respectively. Using the 9th Workshop sera, it was confirmed that SH6, Bw6-associated split of B16, was serologically identical to ST-16.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Association of HLA-DR4 with myasthenia gravis in the Chinese.

Since 1973 a number of studies have been conducted on the association of HLA with myasthenia gravis (MG). (Safwenberg et al. 1973, Fritze et al. 1973, Naeim et al. 1978, Bodmer & Bodmer 1978, Behan 1980). Most of these studies involved Caucasians. In this paper we report on a study carried out in Chinese patients with M.G.

Adult↗