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Biomedical subjects

T Mach

Publications and source records attributed to T Mach.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Bacterial aortitis].

A cohort of 14 patients with bacterial destruction of various segments of the aortic wall is presented. The Salmonella enteritidis strain was predominantly responsible. Most patients had typical history of symptomatic trias of sepsis, abdominal and/or back pain and positive blood cultures. CT scan showed pseudoaneurysm within the thoracic, subphrenic or subrenal aorta as well as acute hemorrhage in three patients. One of these was excluded from invasive treatment due to hopeless prognosis. In one patient primary aortoduodenal phistula was responsible for GI bleeding. Five patients were operated and prosthetic replacement of subrenal or iuxtarenal aortic portion together with aortorenal bypass in a couple of cases was performed. In eight patients stentgrafts (SG) of various types were deployed completed with femorofemoral crossover bypass when necessary. All patients were subject to long-standing antibiotic therapy. Two patients expired following SG insertion, all operated patients survived. Average follow-up has been 1 year (1-22 months) so far. A groin abscess was later drained in one patient. Neither CT nor isotope scanning showed persistent or recurrent infectious or hemorrhagic foci in any survivors whatsoever. The authors review and consider the doubtful indication of aortic SG deployment into the septic terrain in selected cases. Midterm results might justify its use in overly debilitated patients otherwise not eligible for radical operation due to its prohibitive risk.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Is Helicobacter pylori infection a zoonosis?].

On the basis of papers review there are presented the possibilities of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in animals and the route of transmission. The discovery of bacteria has changed our approach to the etiopathogenesis and treatment of some digestive tract diseases. The prevalence of H. pylori in some populations and socioeconomic factors confirms the man-to-man mode of transmission with a human being as a main reservoir. There was confirmed the correlation between the stomach colonization of H. pylori in some animals, particularly those living in a human environment, and the route of transmission. Besides many studies performed on domestic animals and primate monkeys it is not clear, whether H. pylori infection can be accepted as a zoonosis. Many investigators confirmed the presence of bacteria in the animal stomach. There is a lack of data, whether the bacteria coming from other sources than food infected by the man could colonize the stomach, and whether it can cause the gastric mucosa changes by the viable forms presented in feces. If scientists are still interested in H. pylori the mentioned problems will probably be elucidated.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Genetic polymorphism of alcohol dehydrogenase in europeans: the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism and is associated with ADH3*1.

Polymorphism at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been shown to have an effect on the predisposition to alcoholism in Asian individuals. However, the results are not conclusive for white individuals. We have analyzed the ADH genotype of 876 white individuals from Spain (n = 251), France (n = 160), Germany (n = 184), Sweden (n = 88), and Poland (n = 193). Peripheral blood samples from healthy controls and groups of patients with viral cirrhosis and alcohol-induced cirrhosis, as well as alcoholics with no liver disease, were collected on filter paper. Genotyping of the ADH2 and ADH3 loci was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods on white cell DNA. In healthy controls, ADH2*2 frequencies ranged from 0% (France) to 5.4% (Spain), whereas ADH3*1 frequencies ranged from 47. 6% (Germany) to 62.5% (Sweden). Statistically significant differences were not found, however, between controls from different countries, nor between patients with alcoholism and/or liver disease. When all individuals were grouped in nonalcoholics (n = 451) and alcoholics (n = 425), ADH2*2 frequency was higher in nonalcoholics (3.8%) than in alcoholics (1.3%) (P =.0016), whereas the ADH3 alleles did not show differences. Linkage disequilibrium was found between ADH2 and ADH3, resulting in an association of the alleles ADH2*2 and ADH3*1, both coding for the most active enzymatic forms. In conclusion, the ADH2*2 allele decreases the risk for alcoholism, whereas the ADH2*2 and ADH3*1 alleles are found to be associated in the European population.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Hemochromatosis--report of 2 cases].

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an iron metabolism disorder known for a century, leading to iron overload and dysfunction of the major organs of the body. Early diagnosis and treatment result in a normal life expectancy. Authors present a report of two cases (the father and his son) in early stadium of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Disturbances of lipid metabolism and fatty liver].

Fatty liver (FL) is a frequently diagnosed liver disease. There are presented the etiological factors causing FL, including the most frequent alcohol, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemias and drugs. There are discussed some disturbances of lipid metabolism leading to FL. Morphologically we can distinguish FL with large or small fatty droplets. The more severe kind of the disease is FL with hepatitis (steatohepatitis). Symptoms of FL are not characteristic, as well as there are absent typical changes in biochemical analyzes. There are presented methods of the liver visualization (USG, CT) used in the diagnostics of FL. Treatment of FL includes of the elimination of etiological factors first of all, there is still under debate the supportive action of pharmacotherapy in FL.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1999

[Barrett's esophagus--diagnosis and treatment].

Barretts esophagus (BE) is a disorder in which the normal squamous mucosa of the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium. Data from the literature of the last years show that BE with so-called specialized intestine type mucosa is a frequently diagnosed disease during endoscopical examination, particularly in men over 60 years of age with heartburn. This type of epithelium is a recognized risk factor of the esophageal adenocarcinoma. There is presented the current classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of BE as well as the problem of the BE connection with the esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Barrett Esophagus↗
PubMed1999

[Reinfection with Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer after successful eradication].

The study was performed in 224 patients with exacerbated chronic duodenal ulcer and with Helicobater pylori (H. pylori) infection. The infection was confirmed by histological techniques and rapid urease test. The patients were treated randomly with one of the triple therapies: 1) omeprazole with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, 2) omeprazole with clarithromycin and metronidazole or 3) colloidal bismuth with amoxicillin and metronidazole and after eradication the antiulcer drug was continued for 4 weeks. The control endoscopy was performed 6 weeks after the beginning of the therapy and during two-year follow-up. The ulcer healing, macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the gastric mucosa and H. pylori infection was examined. Endoscopy was repeated 1 and 2 years after successful eradication. The ulcer was healed in 93%, 95% and 92% of patients from groups I, II and III, respectively, and eradication of H. pylori was seen in 83-90% of cases. The treatment significantly diminished the chronic active gastritis. During 1- and 2-year follow-up the ulcer recurrences were observed in 5.3% and 13% of patients and reinfection in 7.7% and 16.7% of cases. The ulcer recurrences appeared in patients with H. pylori infection. The H. pylori reinfection rate was higher than observed in western countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Barrett's metaplasia].

Reflux oesophagitis is a chronic disorder with one important complication--Barrett's esophagus, which is also called Barrett's metaplasia (BM). It is not known why only a part of the patients develops BM. In BM the normal squamous mucosa of the esophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium of intestinal type. BM is frequently diagnosed during endoscopical examination, particularly in man over 60 years of age with symptoms of heartburn. This type of epithelium is a recognized risk factor of the esophageal adenocarcinoma. The incidence of this carcinoma is increasing in the last years. Based on the literature, we review the current pathogenesis, rules of diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of BM as well as the problem of connections between BM and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of pentagastrin on calcium ion concentration in gastric juice].

Calcium concentration in gastric juice is lower then other electrolytes. The mechanism of its transport remained unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate influence of pentagastrin on calcium concentration in gastric juice in humans. Ten patients were examined (4 females and 6 males, mean age 46.8 range 33-67), four with duodenal ulcer, three with achalasia cardiae and three with Addison-Biermer anemia. Pentagastrin--PG (Cambridge Laboratories, Newcastle, United Kingdom) was injected subcutaneously after overnight fast in dose of 6 micrograms/kg of body weight. Nosogastric tube was located in body of the stomach near large curvature and connected to suction of--40 mmHg pressure. Gastric juice was collected during subsequent five 15 minutes periods (first fasted and four periods after stimulation with PG). Calcium concentration was measured in each sample by fluorescentic titration method with EGTA. Statistic analysis was performed with student "t" test. Mean fasted and stimulated calcium concentrations were 0.83; 0.44; 0.54; 0.37 and 0.95 mmol/l respectively. Ca2+ concentration range in fasted state from 0.21 to 1.75 mmol/l and from 0.07 to 0.27 mmol/l by maximal stimulation. Calcium concentration decreased immediately after stimulation (significance p = 0.0025). This strong effect persisted throughout the period of stimulation. Calcium output was 0.064; 0.029; 0.032; 0.018 and 0.17 mmol/15 min respectively. Two phases of decrease of the calcium output were observed: first, fast decrease immediately after pentagastrin injection and second, slower, between 30 and 45 minute after stimulation (p < 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Calcium concentration in gastric juice decreases after stimulation with pentagastin (p = 0.0025). Calcium concentration was lower in Addison-Biermer anemia and higher in duodenal ulcer patients then in healthy control. We conclude that calcium ions are not actively secreted by gastric mucosa. Their presence in gastric juice is a result of leak from mucosal cells and remains opposite to their metabolic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A comprehensive approach to the treatment of popliteal artery aneurysms--personal experience].

UNLABELLED: During a five-year retrospective follow-up period the authors treated a group of 46 patients with the diagnosis of aneurysm of the popliteal artery (AAP). The group comprised 42 men (91%) and 4 women (9%). The mean age was 62 years. In 32 patients (69%) AAP was on both lower extremities, in the remaining 14 (31%) it was unilateral. Forty-one patients (90%) had surgery and a total of 48 AAP were operated. The remainder was treated by conservative methods (10%). The first symptoms of AAP in the investigated group were: claudication in 17%, thromboembolic complications in 46%, rupture of the AAP in 4%. An asymptomatic aneurysm was detected in 33%. RESULTS: The authors did not record any death or occlusion of the reconstruction during hospitalization. When using a vein the primary patency is 100%. When a prosthesis (PTFE) is used the results are worse but still satisfactory and the five-year secondary patency is 85%. Five patients with thromboembolic complications of AAP were successfully treated by i.a. fibrinolysis. In all exclusion of the aneurysm and revascularization of the extremity followed. In the conclusion the authors emphasize the necessity of early surgical treatment as soon as the condition is detected, before the development of thromboembolic complications of AAP. If they develop it is essential to attempt local fibrinolysis and in the second stage revascularization of the extremity, if possible by a vein.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Endoscopic and histological appearance of pancreatic metaplasia in the human gastric mucosa: a preliminary report on a recently recognized new type of gastric mucosal metaplasia.

Recently a new type of gastric mucosal metaplasia referred to as pancreatic metaplasia (pancreatic acinar metaplasia) has been recognized. The difference is characterized by the presence of epithelial cells with the cytoplasm strongly basophilic in the basal compartment, whereas in the middle and apical portions it is acidophilic and finely granular. In contrast to intramuscular heterotopic pancreas, foci of pancreatic metaplasia are located in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa. They form lobules, small clusters, or may be single. The present series included 13 cases of pancreatic metaplasia found in gastroscopic specimens obtained from seven women and six men. We investigated the histological pattern and endoscopic changes. Based upon clinical data it was found that in five patients the gastric mucosa was defined as 'dichromatic'. It is possible that studies involving greater numbers of patients will permit closer correlation between the histological pattern of pancreatic metaplasia and the corresponding endoscopic changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Effectiveness and tolerance of selected Polish antacids in the therapy of duodenal ulcer disease. A placebo- and ranitidine-controlled study].

In a randomized, open clinical trial we compared the efficiency of selected Polish antacids Alugastrin, Gastrin and Wikalina with ranitidine and placebo in the healing of duodenal ulcer, pain relief and drug toleration. One hundred and ten outpatients completed the study. The trial showed that antacids and ranitidine had similar rates of duodenal ulcer healing which were significantly better than placebo. After 4 weeks of treatment with Alugastrin, Gastrin, Wikalina and ranitidine the healing rates were 70%, 76%, 71% and 81%, respectively, compared to placebo 44%. Efficiency of antacids in pain relief was similar to placebo and slightly lower than ranitidine. Antacids were well tolerated, except for hypermagnezemia and urine alkalization caused by Gastrin and Wikalina. We conclude that studied antacids are as effective as ranitidine in promoting healing of duodenal ulcer, but because of side effects they are not recommended for maintenance therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A clinical trial on the effect of aluminum containing antacids on the course of duodenal ulcer healing and morphology of the gastric mucosa].

We carried out the controlled, double-blind clinical study on the effect of antacids containing aluminium on the healing of duodenal ulcer (DU) and the morphology of gastric mucosa in 153 patients with duodenal ulcer disease. The patients were treated for 4 weeks with either dihydroxyaluminium-sodium carbonate (Alugastrin) or aluminium and magnesium hydroxides (Alumag) and for comparison with ranitidine or placebo. The clinical usefulness of antacids were assessed according to the following criteria: ulcer healing ratio, disappearance of ulcer pain, drug tolerance both subjective and objective (biochemical analyses) and drug effect on the gastric mucosa (endoscopy, histology and morphometry). The results were compared with results obtained from ranitidine treated patients. We have shown that both antacids speed up the DU healing similarly to ranitidine (71%, 75% and 79% respectively) and significantly better than placebo (47% of cases). All administered drugs diminished subjective symptoms of patients and were well tolerated. Dihydroxyaluminium-sodium carbonate and aluminium and magnesium hydroxides as well as ranitidine were without any trophic effects on the gastric mucosa. Thus, despite differences in the pharmacological action (antacids are gastroprotective drugs, ranitidine inhibits HCl secretion), antacids are similarly effective to ranitidine in the treatment of DU patients. However, ranitidine is more comfortable for the patients and better accepted in the long-term treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Morphology of the gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer treated with bismuth-containing drugs].

The aim of this study was the effect of antacids containing inorganic bismuth compounds on the morphology of the gastric mucosa and healing of the duodenal ulcer (DU) in patients with exacerbation of the ulcer disease. 169 patients were treated for four weeks with low-dose antacids (two drugs containing bismuth subnitrate--Gastrin and Wikalina, with buffering capacity below 200 mmol HCl per day) and for comparison with ranitidine, colloidal bismuth subcitrate and placebo. We evaluated the effect of these drugs on the morphology of gastric mucosa using endoscopic, histologic and morphometric methods, as well as healing of DU, ulcer symptoms and drug tolerance. Antacids and colloidal bismuth subcitrate decreased both the chronic active gastritis of praepyloric region and frequency of Helicobacter infection, however without the full eradication. Antacids, ranitidine and colloidal bismuth subcitrate did not affect the height of surface epithelium, thickness of foveolar and glandular mucosa as well as the number and size of parietal cells, thus they were without any trophic effects on the gastric mucosa. All mentioned drugs healed DU in 68-73% of patients and significantly better than placebo (46%). These drugs were well tolerated by patients, however antacids caused slight increase in pH of urine and transient hipermagnesemia. Because the etiopathogenese of ulcer disease is still unclear, its therapy is unsuccessful in many cases. We should stress that the treatment with antacids in some cases can be a good and safe alternative therapy in spite of many other currently used medications.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of selected cytoprotective drugs on alcohol-induced injury of isolated gastric mucosa cells].

There were performed experimental study on the effect of Al(OH)3, 16,16dmPGE2, indomethacin, verapamil and calcium ionophore A 23157 on alcohol-induced injury of isolated gastric mucosal cells of rat. In the first step a dose dependent alcohol injury of isolated gastric mucosal cells was shown. The most susceptible cells to alcohol damage were parietal cells. 16,16dmPGE2 and verapamil (calcium channel inhibitor), except Al(OH)3, were cytoprotective--they protected surface epithelial cells against alcohol. Indomethacin and calcium ionophore A 23157 (increases the calcium influx into the cell) aggravated the alcohol damage to gastric cells. The results show important role of prostaglandin and calcium ions in the mechanism of gastric mucosal cell damage and indicate the lack of direct influence of antacids on these cells in vitro, in conditions independent of microcirculation and neurohormonal factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Vehicle crashworthiness ratings in Australia.

The paper reviews the published vehicle safety ratings based on mass crash data from the United States, Sweden, and Great Britain. It then describes the development of vehicle crashworthiness ratings based on injury compensation claims and police accident reports from Victoria and New South Wales, the two most populous states in Australia. Crashworthiness was measured by a combination of injury severity (of injured drivers) and injury risk (of drivers involved in crashes). Injury severity was based on 22,600 drivers injured in crashes in the two states. Injury risk was based on 70,900 drivers in New South Wales involved in crashes after which a vehicle was towed away. Injury risk measured in this way was compared with the "relative injury risk" of particular model cars involved in two car crashes in Victoria (where essentially only casualty crashes are reported), which was based on the method developed by Folksam Insurance in Sweden from Evans' double-pair comparison method. The results include crashworthiness ratings for the makes and models crashing in Australia in sufficient numbers to measure their crash performance adequately. The ratings were normalised for the driver sex and speed limit at the crash location, the two factors found to be strongly related to injury risk and/or severity and to vary substantially across makes and models of Australian crash-involved cars. This allows differences in crashworthiness of individual models to be seen, uncontaminated by major crash exposure differences.

Acceleration↗