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Biomedical subjects

T Mach

Publications and source records attributed to T Mach.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The induction of gastric mucosal tolerance to alcohol by chronic administration.

Acute alcohol intake produces marked damage to gastric mucosa. Whether gastric mucosa develops tolerance to repeated alcohol administration is unknown. To test this, we compared the effects of acute and chronic alcohol administration in male rats. Thirty-one Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on Chow diet received the following: group A, water for 4 weeks; group B, 50% EtOH for 4 weeks; group C, water for 4 weeks, then 8 hr prior to sacrifice 50% EtOH; group D, 50% EtOH for 4 weeks, then alcohol 8 hr prior to sacrifice. Control animals did not show macroscopic or microscopic changes in fundic or pyloric mucosa. The percentage fundic mucosa showing lesions (49%) in the acute EtOH group (group C) was significantly greater than in control (0%), chronic EtOH group (group B, 8%), and chronic plus acute EtOH (group D, 14%). Pyloric lesions were not significantly diferent between treatment groups C (9%), B (4%), and D (8%). Histologic changes in group C (acute alcohol) consisted of superficial erosions accompanied by severe hemorrhagic changes in the upper part of the gastric mucosa. In group B (chronic alcohol) and group D (chronic + acute alcohol) changes consisted of small superficial erosions without hemorrhagic changes. Our study shows that damage in rat gastrc fundic mucosa following acute intragastric administration of EtOH is significantly less in rats receiving EtOH chronically than in rats receiving only acute EtOH. We conclude that rat gastric mucosa is capable of developing tolerance to repeated administration of 50% alcohol.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty liver--current look at the old disease.

The report is devoted to the presentation of aetiological factors causing fatty liver, including alcohol, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinaemias and drugs. The author discusses morphological changes typical for the fatty liver such as large or small fatty droplets in hepatocytes and rarely coexisting hepatitis (so-called steatohepatitis). The work presents symptoms, changes in biochemical analyses of serum as well as methods of the liver visualisation used in the diagnostics of fatty liver. The treatment in based on the elimination of aetiological factors and properly balanced diet with support of pharmacotherapy in selected cases.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-dose antacids versus ranitidine in the short-term treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer. Endoscopic and histologic placebo-controlled study.

In this double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial we compared the efficiency of two Polish antacids (Alugastrin, dihydroxyaluminium sodium carbonate and Alumag, aluminium hydroxide with magnesium hydroxide; buffering capacity 189 and 224 mmol) with ranitidine in the healing of duodenal ulcer. We also examined the effect of drugs on the frequency and severity of gastritis and selected morphometric parameters of the fundic mucosa. The study showed that low-dose antacids effectively promote the healing of duodenal ulcer during four week therapy, similarly to ranitidine (72%, 76% and 80%, respectively) and significantly better than placebo (46%). Both antacids and ranitidine were without effects on the chronic gastritis and did not cause any trophic changes of the gastric mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of Polish antacids on prostaglandin E2 values in gastric mucosa].

An effect of the locally produced antacids on PGE2 in the gastric mucosa has been studied both clinically and experimentally. It was found, that such preparations as Alugastrin, Gastrin, and Vikalin administered chronically to the rats accelerate healing rate of peptic ulcer, decreasing in the same time the PGE2 level in the gastric mucosa. Alugastrin in a single oral dose significantly increased pH of the stomach and did not affect endogenous PGE2 level. Some locally produced antacids exert an effect on endogenous PGE2 production in the gastric mucosa, which could be important for their efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of alkalies on gastric acidity in patients with duodenal ulcer].

Acidity of the gastric juice was measured following single oral dose of fluid and powdered alkalizing agents. It was found that liquid form of such an agent (Alugastrin) in a dose of 30 mL effectively increases intragastric pH to 5.0-6.0 and maintains it at 3.0-4.0 for 60 to 90 minutes. This agent similarly neutralizes gastric content in patients with or without duodenal ulcer. Tablet forms of alkalizing agents (Gastrin and Wikalina) increase pH to 7.5 within 10 minutes and maintain it at 3.0-4.0 for 90 minutes whereas other brands (Alusal and Magnosil) slightly alkalize gastric content for 30 minutes. The studies indicate that preparations Alugastrin, Gastrin and Wikalina efficiently alkalize gastric juice for longer period of time than Maalox. Therefore, more frequent--every 1 to 1.5 hours--administration of alkalizing agents is recommended in order to increase intragastric pH in those diseases which require the elimination of hydrochloric acid.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of high intestinal obstruction caused by mycotic bezoar of the duodenum].

A case of the mycotic bezoar in the female patient with gastric hypersecretion is reported. The symptoms of the high intestinal obstruction accompanied underlying disease. Bezoar formed of Geotrichum candidum was fragmentated with biopsical forceps of "alligator" type. Then, natamycin was administered for 5 weeks. The patients recovered completely.

Bezoars↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of disulfiram on function of the liver of rats with galactosamine-induced hepatitis.

This study was aimed to examine whether disulfiram (DS) may exacerbate the pre-existing liver damage induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) in rats. DS, 600 mg/kg, administered by gavage for 3 days caused an increase in asparagine aminotransferase (AspAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) and a decrease in cholinesterase (ChE) activity in the serum and decrease in AspAT and ChE activity in the liver. DS given to rats with GAlN-induced liver injury caused significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (A1AT) and bilirubin level in serum in comparison with rats with GalN-damaged liver but without DS treatment. In summary, DS exacerbates a damage of the liver of rats. This study supported the clinical observations showing enhanced liver damage in alcoholics treated with DS.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of secretin on antipyrine elimination during extracorporeal perfusion of the isolated guinea pig liver.

The aim of these investigations was to elucidate in which part of the bile system (canaliculi or ductules) antipyrine is secreted actively into bile during extracorporeal perfusion of isolated guinea pig liver. Twelve perfusions were performed including 6 control and 6 with secretin. After 1, 2 and 3 hours from the onset of perfusion the perfusion fluid and bile samples were taken for determination of antipyrine concentration. It was demonstrated that secretin increases the volume of secreted bile, the concentration of antipyrine was decreased and the total amount of antipyrine eliminated with bile remained unchanged. The obtained results refute the hypothesis that antipyrine is secreted into bile in the ductular phase and suggest that this process takes place at the level of biliary canaliculi.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of prolonged administration of disulfiram alone or in combination with ethanol on some indices of lipid metabolism in the blood serum and hepatic tissue of the rat.

Disulfiram alone or in combination with ethanol was administered orally for six weeks. Disulfiram significantly elevated the triglyceride level in the blood serum and hepatic tissue and cholesterol level in the blood serum, and depressed the content of free fatty acids in the hepatic tissue. Given together with ethanol, disulfiram increased the concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood serum and depressed the cholesterol level in the hepatic tissue. Given separately or in combination with ethanol, disulfiram disturbed the lipid metabolism. The results may indicate that chronically given disulfiram may produce in man similar disturbance and owing to that may aggravate hepatic steatosis present in 60--90% of alcoholics, in this way intensifying the damage of this organ.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenazone metabolism during perfusion of isolated guinea pig liver.

After 3 hr of perfusion of isolated guinea pig liver with a medium containing 407 ng/ml of phenazone, the drug concentration in the bile was 1.5 times higher than the initial concentration in the perfusion fluid. This indicates that in addition to phenazone metabolism, liver eliminates the drug by active releasing it to the bile. The active release is responsible for depression of phenazone concentration during the perfusion in approx. 6%. The remaining loss of phenazone is due to its hepatic metabolism.

Animals↗