A dural arteriovenous fistula fed entirely by the lateral sacral artery.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Angiography↗
Biomedical subjects
T Machida
Publications and source records attributed to T Machida.
Corneal endothelial changes in schizophrenic patients with long-term administration of major tranquilizers.
PURPOSE: To examine corneal endothelial changes in schizophrenic patients who underwent long-term administration of major tranquilizers. METHODS: We performed slit-lamp examination and endothelial specular microscopy on 100 eyes of 50 schizophrenic patients (range, 31 to 68 years old; mean, 54 years) who underwent long-term (12 to 44 years) treatment with major tranquilizers. We also studied 50 eyes of 25 patients (range, 31 to 65 years old; mean, 53 years) with no history of corneal disease, as a control group of similar age. Mean cell density, coefficient of variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells were calculated and statistically compared between patients and controls using an unpaired t-test. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination disclosed pigmentation of the cornea in nine eyes of five patients and pigmentation of the lens in 25 eyes (25%) of 35 patients. Corneal pigmentary changes were seen only in patients with lenticular changes. No eyes showed corneal edema. In contrast, no corneal abnormalities were seen in any control eye. Specular microscopic analysis showed mean cell density of 3,484.4 +/- 462.6 cells/mm2, coefficient of variation of 0.31 +/- 0.06 and percentage of hexagonal cells to be 60.2% +/- 7.5% in the patient group, and 3,291.3 +/- 384.4 cells/mm2, 0.32 +/- 0.07, and 60.6% +/- 7.0%, respectively, in the control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences between patient and control eyes in these three factors. The nine eyes with corneal pigmentation showed no significant differences in these three factors as compared with the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that long-term treatment with major tranquilizers is not associated with morphometric abnormalities of the corneal endothelium.
Adult↗
Cryopreservation of zona-hatched mouse blastocysts.
Experiments were conducted to determine the conditions for successful and efficient cryopreservation of hatched mouse blastocysts, using simple vitrification procedures. Hatched blastocysts were obtained by culture of morulae in vitro. Vitrification solutions used were EFS40 and GFS40, which were 40% (v/v) ethylene glycol and 40% (v/v) glycerol, respectively, diluted in PB1 medium containing 30% Ficoll (w/v) and 0.5 mol sucrose l-1. In the one-step method, embryos were directly exposed to the vitrification solutions at 25 degrees C for 0.5 or 2 min; in the two-step method, embryos were equilibrated with a dilute (10-20%, v/v) ethylene glycol or glycerol solution for 5-10 min, before a 0.5 min exposure to EFS40 or GFS40, respectively. They were then vitrified in liquid nitrogen. When the embryos were vitrified in EFS40, the post-warming survival rates, assessed by the re-expansion of the blastocoel during 16 h of culture, were higher in embryos that had hatched from the zona earlier (120-132 h after hCG) than in those hatched later (142-150 h after hCG); however, the highest survival rate was only 65%, which was obtained by a one-step method. When embryos were vitrified in GFS40, a high survival rate (89-94%) was obtained especially by the two-step methods. Vitrified blastocysts developed into live young just as well as did fresh blastocysts; survival was highest after transfer to recipients on day 3 or day 4 of pseudopregnancy. These findings show that hatched mouse blastocysts can be successfully cryopreserved by a simple vitrification method, and that a glycerol-based vitrification solution is more suitable than the corresponding ethylene glycol-based solution for the vitrification, probably because slower permeation of glycerol avoids toxic injury.
Animals↗
[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of spermatic cord: a case report].
A 52-year-old man presented with a painful, gradually enlarging mass in the left inguinal region. An ultrasound examination demonstrated a lobulated, heterogenous tumor 6.0 x 4.0 x 3.0 cm in diameter, which separated from the left testis and epididymis. Radical inguinal orchiectomy with wide en bloc local resection was performed. Histologic diagnosis was a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) with a giant cell variant. The patient underwent postoperative regional irradiation and has been alive without metastasis and local recurrence 3 months after the operation. Among the 19 patients with MFH of spermatic cord reported in Japan, only two cases were of giant cell type of MFH including the present case.
Genital Neoplasms, Male↗
[3D-CT of the central nervous system].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Central Nervous System↗
[Surgery for bone metastasis of testicular tumor: a case report].
A 31-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of painful right scrotal swelling. Based on the diagnosis of right testicular tumor with multiple lung metastasis and L2 vertebral body metastasis, right high orchiectomy and three courses of chemotherapy (peplomycin, etoposide, CDDP) were performed. Histological diagnosis was teratocarcinoma. With the complete remission for lung metastasis and no change for bone metastasis, L2 spondylectomy and additional four courses of the same chemotherapy were performed. The patient has been free of the disease for 11 months after the spondylectomy.
Adult↗
Tumorigenicity and gene amplification potentials of cyclin D1-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells.
Cyclin D1 is a key regulator of the G1-S transition in cell cycle, and its gene is amplified and overexpressed in many cancers. To address the gene amplification potential of the cells in which the cyclin D1 gene expression is deregulated, we have established NIH3T3 clones with various levels of cyclin D1 transgene message. Those transfectants showed anchorage independent growth and tumorigenicity without in vitro morphological transformation. The degree of the transformed phenotype apparently correlated with the cyclin D1 expression level. Upon selection by N-(phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), the cyclin D1-transfected NIH3T3 cells showed a higher ability to develop PALA-resistant colonies by amplifying the CAD gene, as compared to the parental NIH3T3 cells.
3T3 Cells↗
Root canal preparation using the second harmonic KTP:YAG laser: a thermographic and scanning electron microscopic study.
Thermal and microstructural events resulting from KTP laser use during root canal preparation were investigated in 30 extracted single-rooted human teeth. In the first section of this study, thermal events occurring on the root surfaces of 18 teeth during and after exposure of the root canal were measured using thermography. A variety of parameters were used to determine settings that would be effective without causing thermal damage to the periodontal ligament. In the second section of the study, root canals of 12 teeth exposed to KTP laser irradiation at parameters derived from section 1 were evaluated using Scanning electron microscopy. KTP laser application at a power setting of 3 W, an exposure time of 2 s, and a frequency of 5 Hz, applied five times, removed smear layer and debris from the root canal surface at temperatures below the thermal injury threshold for periodontal tissue.
Argon↗
Enhancement of the intracranial arterial wall at MR imaging: relationship to cerebral atherosclerosis.
PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between intracranial arterial wall enhancement and atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intracranial vertebral arteries of 30 patients and carotid arteries of 62 patients were studied with spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging with contrast enhancement and spatial presaturation. Arterial wall enhancement was graded as follows: stage 1, no substantial enhancement; stage 2, faint or thin area of enhancement; stage 3, definite and thick area of enhancement. RESULTS: In vertebral arteries, stage 3 enhancement was seen in 11 patients (mean age, 73.7 years) and stage 1 in eight (mean age, 56.4 years). In carotid arteries, stage 3 enhancement was seen in 13 patients (mean age, 71.0 years) and stage 1 in 21 patients (mean age, 39.0 years). In both arteries, stage was well correlated with age (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Arterial wall enhancement is related to aging and is probably due to neovascularity in association with atherosclerotic plaques. This finding may permit assessment of intracranial atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases.
Adult↗
Effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha on the mouse trophoblast outgrowth in vitro.
In order to analyze the involvement of growth factors in the implantation mechanism, we examined the direct effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) on trophoblast outgrowth of the mouse blastocyst in vitro. ICR mouse blastocysts were cultured for 4 days on a culture plate in medium containing EGF or TGF-alpha or conditioned medium obtained from cultured endometrial epithelial cells. Blastocysts were also co-cultured with endometrial epithelial cells. The trophoblast outgrowth of these cultured blastocysts was observed daily and the percentage of outgrowing embryos was calculated and analyzed statistically by the chi-squared test. Analysis for the specific binding of 125I-EGF in outgrown trophoblasts was carried out by autoradiography. The co-culture (days 3 and 4) and the presence of EGF (10 ng/ml, day 4), TGF-alpha (1 ng/ml, day 3; 10 ng/ml, days 2 and 3; 50 ng/ml, days 2-4) or conditioned medium (days 3 and 4) significantly stimulated the rate of trophoblast outgrowth. Preincubation of the conditioned medium with monoclonal anti-EGF or anti-TGF-alpha antibody suppressed the stimulatory effect of the conditioned medium on trophoblast outgrowth. The specific 125I-EGF binding in outgrown trophoblasts was demonstrated by autoradiography. These results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha play an important role in the implantation process by directly stimulating trophoblast development.
Animals↗
Cochlioquinone A, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase.
The effects of cochlioquinone A, isolated from Drechslera sacchari, were studied in vitro and in vivo. This compound specifically inhibited diacylglycerol kinase activity with Ki = 3.1 microM. The kinetics revealed that cochlioquinone A inhibited diacylglycerol kinase in competition with ATP, and non-competitively with diacylglycerol. The compound inhibited neither protein kinase C, epidermal growth factor receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase, nor phospholipase C. Cochlioquinone A reduced the concentration of phosphatidic acid in T cell lymphoma with a half maximal concentration of 3 microM, and simultaneously augmented the phosphorylation of 80 kDa protein, a known substrate of protein kinase C. The degree of the phosphorylation of 80 kDa protein in the presence of cochlioquinone A was similar to that in the presence of phorbol myristate acetate (0.1 microgram/ml). These results demonstrate that cochlioquinone A is a specific inhibitor of diacylglycerol kinase, which regulates the activity of protein kinase C.
Animals↗
[The antiemetic effect, safety and usefulness of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by lower multiple dose of cisplatin].
The antiemetic effect, safety and usefulness of once daily administration of tropisetron 5 mg capsule for 3 to 5 consecutive days was investigated in 37 cases of 12 stations in total, suffering from nausea and vomiting induced by a lower multiple dose of cisplatin. The efficacy ratings assessed every 24 hours on day 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 88.6%, 85.7%, 82.9%, 74.1% and 76.9%, respectively. The final efficacy rating was 82.9% (29/35 cases). Although no adverse event was observed, increases in GOT and GPT, whose cause and relation to the investigational drug were unknown, were noted in 2 cases. Cases rated as useful or better were 82.9% (29/35 cases) of the overall. The above results reveal that tropisetron 5 mg capsule is significantly effective and highly safe in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by lower multiple dose of cisplatin. Tropisetron 5 mg capsule is thus deemed extremely useful antiemetic drug.
Antiemetics↗
[Clinical phase II study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anti-cancer drugs].
A comparative clinical trial of tropisetron capsule was conducted in three dose groups to investigate its optimal dose on nausea and vomiting induced by anti-cancer drugs, including cisplatin. The doses were randomized by the central registration office. In the assessment of clinical efficacy, cases rated as "effective" or better accounted for 61.5% of the 2.5 mg group (16/26), 80.8% of the 5.0mg group (21/26) and 80.0% of the 10mg group (24/30), respectively; the ratings for the 5mg and 10mg groups were almost equivalent, which was higher than that for the 2.5mg group. Adverse events observed were fever, diarrhea, drowsiness, headache and/or facial erythema in 4 out of 97 cases. Abnormal laboratory findings noted were 6 cases of increased GOT, GPT, LDH, total bilirubin and/or creatinine, but none of these was serious or clinically problematic in particular. On the basis of the above results, the optimal dose of Tropisetron (capsule) is considered to be 5mg once daily.
Adult↗
[Clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by anti-cancer drug; a placebo-controlled, multicenter, double-blind comparative study].
A placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study of tropisetron capsule was conducted to assess its clinical usefulness for nausea and vomiting induced by the anticancer drug, cisplatin, at a single dose of 50 mg/m2 or higher. Either 5mg tropisetron capsule or its placebo was given orally to patients 2 hours prior to cisplatin administration; the clinical efficacy was determined the severity of nausea and the number of emesis that occurred during 24 hours after cisplatin. Tropisetron significantly exceeded the placebo in the assessment of clinical efficacy. The ratings for the tropisetron group and the placebo group were 91.7% (22/24 cases) and 25.9% (7/27 cases), respectively. Adverse events observed were one case of headache in the tropisetron group and one diarrhea in the placebo group, while neither case was serious nor clinically problematic in particular. The above results reveal that tropisetron 5 mg capsule is significantly effective in the treatment of anticancer drug-induced nausea and vomiting. It has also been confirmed that tropisetron is a useful agent without any safety problems.
Administration, Oral↗
[Clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs].
A clinical phase III study of tropisetron capsule was conducted to assess its efficacy, safety and usefulness on nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs. The study was conducted in patients who experienced vomiting on previous chemotherapy. Tropisetron 5 mg capsule was given to patients once 2 hours prior to the first administration of either carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs; the patients were then observed for nausea and/or vomiting during 24 hours after the first administration. Some 56.7% (17/30) of the patients did not vomit after tropisetron administration, and the frequency of vomiting was significantly reduced compared with that during the previous chemotherapy. Further, in the clinical efficacy ratings, in which the efficacy was assessed on the basis of the nausea and vomiting data, 83.3% (25/30) of cases were rated as "effective or better". Adverse events observed were 3 cases of mild headache, but these were not clinically problematic. The above results reveal that tropisetron capsule is significantly effective and safe in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin or non-platinum anti-cancer drugs; in addition, tropisetron proved to be highly useful for its convenience as an oral agent.
Adult↗
[A case of multiple liver metastasis from remnant gastric cancer responding to leucovorin.5-FU+UFT therapy].
We report a case of a 67-year-old male patient who experienced multiple liver metastasis 6 months after undergoing an operation for remnant gastric cancer. The histological classification of the cancer in gastric remnant was poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with a low dose of LV.5-FU once a week and oral UFT as an outpatient. As a result, after 3 months of the treatment, CT showed that multiple liver lesions almost disappeared, a condition that lasted about 3 years without relapse. Toxic effects due to this treatment were temporary slight liver disfunction, mild anorexia and stomatitis. This case indicates that the regimen of LV.5-FU+UFT may be effective for multiple liver metastasis from postoperative remnant gastric cancer, enabling the patient to maintain an excellent QOL (quality of life).
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effects of clonidine on intravenous sedation with midazolam.
The effect of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, on intravenous (IV) sedation with midazolam was studied. Subjects were eight healthy adults; IV sedation was performed twice on each subject. In the control (CO) group, midazolam alone was administered. In the clonidine (CL) group, the subjects were given about 5 micrograms/kg of clonidine orally 2 hr before the initiation of sedation with midazolam. The following parameters were determined: dose of midazolam, changes in vital signs, recovery time, amnesia, and side effects. The average sedating dose of midazolam was 0.078 and 0.043 mg/kg in the CO and CL groups, respectively. Recovery times determined by stabilometry were 150 and 120 min in the CO and CL groups, respectively. Based on these results, the combined use of clonidine can reduce the dose of midazolam and shorten the recovery time. It is suggested that clonidine may be useful in IV sedation with midazolam.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Comparative study of the thermal effects of four semiconductor lasers on the enamel and pulp chamber of a human tooth.
An in vitro thermometric study was conducted on various GaAlAs semiconductor lasers emitting at wavelengths between 750 nm and 905 nm, to verify whether these lasers produce significant heating during application to tooth structure. Measurements were conducted in vitro, using a thermal camera and a thermocouple during a 60, 120, and 180 s laser exposure at energy densities between 1.5 and 2,400 J/cm2. Mean temperature changes on surface enamel were statistically significant in all groups at P < or = .05 and P < or = .01. The higher the energy density applied to a surface area, the greater the temperature rise observed using the same spot size, operation mode, and wavelength. Intrapulpal temperature elevations measured > or = 3 degrees C. An in vivo study was also conducted to determine whether perceptible stimuli are experienced by patients during this time of laser treatment and to verify results of the in vitro study. The results did not conform well with the in vitro study because of uncontrollable variables. None of the patients who received irradiation treatment described any perceptible stimuli.
Aluminum↗