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Biomedical subjects

T Magnusson

Publications and source records attributed to T Magnusson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Self-assessment of pain and discomfort in patients with temporomandibular disorders: a comparison of five different scales with respect to their precision and sensitivity as well as their capacity to register memory of pain and discomfort.

Five different scales of self-assessment of pain were tested in patients with temporomandibular disorders. The precision and sensitivity and the capacity to register memory of pain and discomfort were compared for each of the five scales. The behaviour rating scale was found to be superior to the other four scales in respect of precision and sensitivity to pain and discomfort and when recording the memory of these two variables. This scale was also considered by the patients to be the most relevant and the simplest to understand. From these results, the behaviour rating scale can be recommended when measuring pain and discomfort in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Changes in clinical signs of craniomandibular disorders from the age of 15 to 25 years.

An epidemiologic sample of 84 subjects was followed longitudinally from the age of 15 to 25 years concerning clinical signs of craniomandibular dysfunction. There was an obvious fluctuation of the clinical signs of craniomandibular disorders over the 10-year period. No statistically significant change of any of the separate clinical signs or the clinical dysfunction index was noted, and no subject had severe signs of dysfunction. Muscle pain on palpation was still the most common clinical sign and was noted in nearly half of the subjects after 10 years. Temporomandibular joint clicking was common at the ages of 15 and 25 years, but no subject had developed locking of the temporomandibular joint during the 10-year period. Occlusal interferences in the retruded contact position and on the nonworking side increased during the 10-year period and were now present in 74% and 32% of the participants, respectively. A slight increase of occlusal wear was noted, but more pronounced wear was still a rare finding at the age of 25 years. Twenty-one subjects (25%) were judged by the examiners to be in need of some kind of functional treatment. The treatment advocated was in most cases minor, however, and could, with few exceptions, be incorporated in the subjects' ordinary dental treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Increase in rat brain glutathione following intracerebroventricular administration of gamma-glutamylcysteine.

The effects of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-GC) and glutathione (GSH) monoethyl ester, subcutaneously (s.c.) injected L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid (OTC) and intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered cysteine on the concentration of GSH in rat brain were investigated. The brain content of GSH, cysteine and gamma-GC was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection (gold/mercury electrode) using N-acetylcysteine as internal standard. A dose-dependent increase in the GSH concentration (145-170% of controls) was found in the substantia nigra (SN) and in the rest of the brain stem after injection of gamma-GC, whereas no significant alterations in GSH were observed in the striatum and in the cerebral cortex. High levels of gamma-GC could be detected in the brain tissue after the administration, and the concentration of cysteine did also increase markedly after gamma-GC injection in all brain regions assessed. I.c.v. administration of L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO) reduced the brain concentration of GSH by 50-70% within 24 hr. Injection of gamma-GC 24 hr after L-BSO resulted in an increase in GSH up to control values within 1-3 hr in the SN and the rest of the brain stem, whereas only a slight increase in GSH was observed in the striatum and the cerebral cortex. The concentration of GSH in the striatum and SN did not change after i.p. injection of cysteine, but a slight increase in the GSH concentration in the limbic region was observed. GSH monoethyl ester (i.c.v.) and OTC (s.c.) did not produce any significant increase in the GSH concentration in the brain. When the GSH concentration had been reduced by administration of L-BSO (i.c.v.; 24 hr) subsequent injection of GSH monoethyl ester led to a slight increase in the striatal and limbic GSH levels. These data show that, of the drugs studied, gamma-GC was the most effective in increasing brain GSH. It could thus serve as a valuable tool in future studies regarding metabolism and function of GSH in the brain. The observed difference in the effects of gamma-GC in different brain regions indicate that the brain tissue is not homogeneous with regard to GSH synthesizing capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reasons for and incidence of tooth mortality in a Swedish population.

Longitudinal studies on tooth mortality are rare but the reasons for tooth mortality have been studied by several authors. The aims of this investigation were to study the reasons for and incidence of tooth mortality in an earlier described Swedish population of 200 patients on two occasions with an interval of 5-7 years, and to see if the reasons for extractions were correlated to posts, crowns or endodontic status, respectively. 197 (4.0%) of the 4889 teeth registered at the first examination were lost during the interval. 65 (33%) of the lost teeth were endodontically treated. 44 (68%) of these were registered as having one or more root with a root-filling ending more than 2 mm from the apex and 29 (45%) were judged to have an improper seal. In 93 of the 197 lost teeth it was possible to find the reason for extraction from the patient chart. Based on distribution of selected variables, these 93 teeth seemed to be representative of the whole group of 197. It was concluded that tooth losses were evenly distributed in the different age-groups and that above all molars but also premolars were lost more often than teeth in the frontal region. Furthermore, endodontically treated teeth were lost more often than other teeth and the quality of the root-filling affected the risk for losses while crowned teeth did not run a higher risk of being lost than teeth without crowns. Finally, it was found that caries, including pulpitis and apical periodontitis, was the main reason for tooth extractions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of apical periodontitis, crowned teeth and teeth with posts in a Swedish population.

A longitudinal radiological study was carried out of 200 consecutive patients in a Swedish population. The aims of the investigation were to study the prevalences of crowned teeth, pontics and posts on two occasions with an interval of 5-7 years and, furthermore, to study apical periodontitis in connection with teeth with crowns and posts to see if such treatments affected this prevalence. 417 (mean 2.1) teeth were crowned at the first examination and 529 (mean 2.6) at the second. For pontics, the corresponding figures were 93 (mean 0.5) and 141 (mean 0.7). Crowns and pontics were more common in the upper jaw. 59.4% of the endodontically treated teeth had posts at the first examination and 64.4% at the second. 34.5% of the 255 teeth with apical periodontitis found at the first examination and 41.0% of the 268 at the second were in connection with posts. It was concluded that both crowns and pontics were common treatment procedures in the studied population. Crown therapy did not seem to impair the apical status while teeth with posts more often had apical periodontitis than other teeth and, furthermore, teeth with screw posts were lost more frequently than other teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

An evaluation of the need and demand for treatment of craniomandibular disorders in a young Swedish population.

In an epidemiologic sample of 119 20-year-olds, it was found that both signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction were fairly common but in most cases were mild. Twenty-seven percent of the sample were judged by the examiners to be in need of some functional treatment, but the treatment advocated was simple and not time consuming. Three percent of the sample actively demanded some functional treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Is snuff a potential risk factor in occlusal wear?

Oral snuff contains fairly high percentages of inorganic, potentially abrasive elements and the use of snuff has been identified as one factor that contributes to occlusal wear. In the first part of the present study, the snuff habits of 100 users were investigated. 41 per cent reported that they sometimes got snuff between their teeth and another 14 per cent said that this happened often. Thirteen and six per cent, respectively, admitted that they sometimes of often used snuff as chewing tobacco. In the second part, an experimental model, using a so-called Bruxcore, was set up to estimate the degree of occlusal wear when chewing snuff compared to when chewing with nothing in the mouth. After 3000 chewing strokes on each plate, the wear of the plate used while chewing snuff was significantly less compared to the plate used while chewing with nothing in the mouth. The most likely explanation for this finding is that the salivary flow was more than twice as high when chewing snuff compared to chewing with nothing in the mouth, and that the saliva serves as a lubricant that protects the surface from wear. It is concluded that the use of oral snuff is not an important risk factor in occlusal wear.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effective depletion of glutathione in rat striatum and substantia nigra by L-buthionine sulfoximine in combination with 2-cyclohexene-1-one.

The effects of L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), 2-cyclohexene-1-one and diethylmaleate (DEM) on the concentration of rat brain glutathione (GSH) were investigated. Both DEM and 2-cyclohexene-1-one, administered subcutaneously, produced marked and rapid reduction of brain GSH, but 2-cyclohexene-1-one appeared less toxic than DEM. Six hours after 2-cyclohexene-1-one (100 microliters/kg) the striatal GSH concentration was 35% of control values, whereas the level was 55% of controls at 24 h and 80% of controls at 48 h. Similar results were obtained with DEM (800 microliters/kg). L-BSO (3.2 mg), administered intracerebroventricularly, produced a slower depletion of brain GSH. A 55% reduction of striatal GSH was obtained 24 h after the administration, and the level was approximately 50% of control at 48 h. Thus, the effect of 2-cyclohexene-1-one and DEM is rapid in onset but relatively short lasting, whereas the disappearance of brain GSH after L-BSO is slower but the effect is more long-lasting. By combining L-BSO with either 2-cyclohexene-1-one or DEM both a rapid and long-lasting GSH depletion was obtained that was more profound than after any of the drugs alone. The combination of L-BSO and 2-cyclohexene-1-one was well tolerated, but the combination of L-BSO and DEM led to death in half of the rats the second day after injection. The disappearance rate of GSH after L-BSO alone gives an estimate of the turn-over of GSH. We found the turn-over of GSH to be higher in the substantia nigra pars compacta than in the striatum. The present work suggest that L-BSO and 2-cyclohexene-1-one would be very useful for evaluation of the biological role of GSH in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Function of the masticatory system in 20 patients with mandibular hypo- or hyperplasia after correction by a sagittal split osteotomy.

Twenty patients with malocclusions were examined for signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) before surgical correction of their anomalies. Such signs and symptoms were very common and were in many patients the main reason for requesting treatment. Eight patients had rigid and 12 non-rigid fixation. All patients were re-examined 1 year after surgery. This examination showed a statistically significant improvement of signs and symptoms of CMD but those who had had non-rigid fixation showed a statistically significant impairment in maximal mouth opening while no such change was noted in those treated with rigid fixation. Eight patients reported significant reduction of their recurrent headaches. It is concluded that surgical correction of malocclusion has a beneficial effect not only on the aesthetic appearance and dental occlusion but also on signs and symptoms of CMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A longitudinal study on malocclusion in relation to signs and symptoms of cranio-mandibular disorders in children and adolescents.

Two-hundred-and-thirty-eight subjects in three different age-groups (7, 11, and 15 years) were followed over a period of 4-5 years in respect of morphological malocclusions, and signs and symptoms of functional disturbances. About half of the 7-year-olds had at least one of the morphological malocclusions registered while the corresponding figure was 38 per cent at the age of 20. Some subjects had received corrective orthodontic treatment. When compared with subjects without such treatment, there were no differences in prevalences of occlusal interferences, nor in signs or symptoms of craniomandibular disorders (CMD). The associations between CMD and different morphological malocclusions were low. Nevertheless, some malocclusions were found to be more important than others. In a long-term perspective cross-bite, both uni- and bilateral, anterior open bite, post-, and prenormal occlusion had some association with the development of CMD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The silent period in the masseter and the anterior temporalis muscles in adult patients with mild or moderate mandibular dysfunction symptoms.

The electromyographical silent period in the masseter and the anterior temporalis muscles during tooth tapping and jaw jerk were studied in patients with fairly mild temporomandibular joint dysfunction symptoms. The length of the silent periods in the patient group did not differ generally from that in a control group. During tooth tapping, however, patients with distinct muscular disorders had shorter silent period duration (7.7 ms) than patients with other symptoms or when compared with control subjects (10.5 and 11.3 ms, respectively). The duration returned to normal after correction of the muscular disorders. This finding suggests that the duration of the silent period is affected by the muscle condition. Patients with obvious muscular disorders of mild to moderate magnitude, thus, may show a shorter silent period duration during tooth tapping.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reduction of brain glutathione by L-buthionine sulfoximine potentiates the dopamine-depleting action of 6-hydroxydopamine in rat striatum.

Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with chloral hydrate, and plastic cannulae were permanently implanted into the lateral ventricles. The animals then were allowed to recover for 1-2 days. L-Buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), a selective inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA), a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin, were administered intracerebroventricularly. The striatal concentrations of GSH and monoamines were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Two injections of L-BSO (3.2 mg, at a 48-h interval) resulted in a 70% reduction of striatal GSH. 6-OH-DA (150 or 300 micrograms) reduced the concentrations of striatal dopamine and noradrenaline 7 days after the administration, but left the concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine unaltered. L-BSO treatment did not produce any changes in the levels of monoamines per se but it potentiated the catecholamine-depleting effect of 6-OH-DA in the striatum. Thus, GSH appears to suppress the toxicity of 6-OH-DA, probably by scavenging the toxic species formed during 6-OH-DA oxidation. In view of these results one may suggest an important role for GSH in catecholaminergic neurons: protecting against the oxidation of endogenous catechols.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intracerebroventricular administration of L-buthionine sulfoximine: a method for depleting brain glutathione.

Sprague-Dawley rats (200-260 g) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg) and polyethylene cannulae were permanently implanted into the lateral ventricles. One or two days later, L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (L-BSO), an apparently selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, was administered intracerebroventricularly through the cannulae. The brain content of glutathione (GSH) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection (gold/mercury electrode) using N-acetylcysteine as internal standard. A time-course study of the changes in the striatum following a single dose of L-BSO (3.2 mg) revealed a maximal depletion of GSH (-60%) approximately 48 h after the administration. The effects of various doses of L-BSO on GSH in the striatum, in the limbic region, and in the cortex were assessed at 24 h and 48 h after the administration. L-BSO (0.02-3.2 mg) produced dose-dependent reductions of GSH in all brain regions studied at both time intervals. In a long-term experiment L-BSO (3.2 mg) was administered every second day. After 4 days, i.e., after two injections, striatal GSH was reduced by approximately 70%. No further depletion of GSH was obtained by additional injections of L-BSO, but GSH was maintained at this low level for the 12 days studied. These results suggest that L-BSO, administered intracerebroventricularly, would serve as a useful tool for evaluation of the biological role of GSH in the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A longitudinal study of changes in frequency and technical standard of endodontic treatment in a Swedish population.

Longitudinal studies of endodontic treatment are rare. The purpose of this investigation was to study changes in frequency, technical standard and treatment need in a Swedish population with an interval of 5-7 years. The number of endodontically treated teeth in the population increased while the number of periradicular radiolucencies was at about the same level at the second examination. The number of radiolucencies found in endodontically treated teeth was reduced while it was increased in untreated teeth. The number of root fillings ending less than or equal to 2 mm from the apex of the tooth as well as fillings with a proper seal had increased at the second examination, but still only 40.2% ended less than or equal to 2 mm from the apex of the tooth and 59.1% of the root fillings were judged to have a proper seal. It was concluded that a great need for endodontic treatment existed in the population examined. A slight improvement in the quality of the treatment was evident at the second examination. However, the technical standard was still poor and obviously affected the outcome of the treatment. It is the opinion of the authors that endodontic treatment methods should be simplified as much as possible in an effort to improve the technical quality of the treatment. The prognosis of endodontic treatment would then improve as well.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Study of restriction fragment length polymorphism in the cystatin C gene of elderly patients with dementia and aged Down's syndrome patients.

Using a full length cystatin C cDNA probe and the Alu I restriction enzyme a total of 33 patients with senile dementia, Alzheimer type and 31 Down's syndrome patients have been investigated for the presence of the 630 bp Alu I restriction fragment length polymorphism in the cystatin C gene detected in Icelandic patients with hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy. Results showed that all the patients had normal cystatin C fragment length of 600 bp.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

NSD 1034: an amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor with a stimulatory action on dopamine synthesis not mediated by classical dopamine receptors.

The accumulation rates of 3,4'-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) by 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015) or 1-(DL-seryl)-2- (2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)hydrazine (Ro 4-4602) have widely been used as measurements of the in vivo synthesis rates of monoamines. However, the values of dopamine (DA) turnover in rat striatum obtained using these drugs are much lower than values obtained by other methods. This discrepancy prompted us to further investigate the AADC inhibitor 1-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-1-methylhydrazine (NSD 1034) which earlier has been shown to give a DOPA accumulation rate in the striatum of the same magnitude as other measures of DA turnover. NSD 1034 was found to give a more than twofold higher DOPA accumulation rate than NSD 1015, NSD 1024, NSD 1039, NSD 1055 and Ro 4-4602 in the striatum. Also, in the limbic region and the hemispheres, but not in the substantia nigra, the DOPA accumulation was higher after NSD 1034 than after NSD 1015, but the difference was less pronounced. There was, however, no difference in 5-HTP accumulation between the drugs in any of the brain parts investigated. Although the DOPA accumulation rates are higher after NSD 1034 than after NSD 1015, the NSD 1015-induced DOPA accumulation seems to be more sensitive to changes in dopamine receptor occupancy. The different DOPA accumulation rates obtained with NSD 1015 and NSD 1034 are not due to differences in MAO inhibition, to interference with classical DA receptors, or to different degrees of AADC inhibition, but to an ability of NSD 1034 to stimulate DA synthesis. In addition, under certain conditions NSD 1034 also has a DA releasing action, like amphetamine. It is proposed that NSD 1034 and amphetamine stimulate DA synthesis and release by a common mechanism. The low value of DA synthesis rate, obtained when measured as DOPA accumulation after NSD 1015, is due to a substantial efflux of DOPA from the brain. The efflux of DOPA is equally large after NSD 1034 but the loss is compensated for by an increase in DOPA synthesis.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1988

The 5-HT 1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, preferentially activates cell body 5-HT autoreceptors in rat brain in vivo.

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to assess whether the effects of the potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin, 8-OH-DPAT, on cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurochemistry in vivo are mediated via 5-HT autoreceptors on the cell bodies or on the terminals, and or via postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. To this end we determined in vivo indices of 5-HT synthesis and release/turnover rates in a number of prominent 5-HT neuronal projection areas in the CNS i) after systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT to rats with an acute unilateral axotomy of the ascending mesencephalic monoamine neurones, or ii) after local infusion of the compound into the dorsal raphé (DRN) 5-HT cell body region of intact rats. Transection did not alter 5-HT synthesis per se, but prevented the synthesis-inhibitory effect of 8-OH-DPAT. Thus, the 5-HT synthesis-inhibiting action of 8-OH-DPAT is highly dependent upon intact impulse flow in the central 5-HT neurones. On the other hand, local DRN application of the compound (1 microgram) resulted in a clearcut reduction of the 5-HT synthesis and release indices measured in 5-HT terminals in, e.g., the striatum. These findings provide direct neurochemical evidence that by preferentially stimulating somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors, 8-OH-DPAT inhibits the 5-HT neuronal impulse flow, thereby effectuating decreased terminal 5-HT synthesis and release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗